Clonal hematopoiesis is a special mode of hematopoiesis in which hematopoietic stem cells with specific genetic and molecular biological characteristics differentiate into mature blood cells. It is the basis of a variety of hematological diseases. In depth study of its etiology, mechanism and characteristics are conducive to our understanding of the value of clonal hematopoiesis in different populations or diseases. This article reviews the latest progress in clonal hematopoiesis and its related clonal diseases.

Objective To observe the histomorphological changes of sciatic nerves following pasteurizing warm temperature treatment. Methods The 12 mm left sciatic nerve from healthy adult male Wistar rats was pasteurized at 60℃ for 30 minutes and observed at the first week (1-week group) and the sixth week (6-week group), 15 rats per group. Number, diameter and area ratio of the myelinated axons in the control (proximal to the treated part), treatment and peripheral nerves (distal to the treated part) were calculated. The histomorphological changes were examined with electrophysiological and electron microscopies. Results (1) In the peripheral part, the number of the myelinated axons was significantly decreased in the 1-week group compared with the control group (P

Objective To observe the impact of different surgical procedures on ovarian reserve and analge-sic effects of drug use in patients with uterine fibroids.Methods 100 patients with uterine fibroids were randomly divided into two groups.50 patients in control group were implemented traditional open surgery.50 cases in the obser-vation group received laparoscopic myomectomy.The ovarian reserve changes were compared before and after surgery, pain medication use and changes in the degree of pain conditions.Results The levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing in the control group one,three months after operation were significantly higher than before surgery and the observation group,the level of estrogen was significantly lower than before surgery and observation group,the differences were statistically significant(t=10.23,14.58,9.78,11.76,9.83,9.92,10.07,11.23,all P<0.05).The postoperative first pain time of the observation group was significantly longer than the control group,the difference was statistically significant[(513.74 ±284.52)min vs.(61.38 ±37.21)min,t=92.34,P<0.05].The postoperative analgesic usage of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(14.0% vs.58.0%,χ2 =7.83,P<0.05).The pain scores 3d,4d,5d,6d and 7d after operation of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group(t=2.11,2.30,2.58,7.03,6.46,all P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with uterine fibroids laparoscopic myomectomy for treatment will not cause great impact on the patients'ovarian reserve,and can effectively reduce the use of analgesics,and it is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To express recombinant Vp1 protein of chlamydiaphage φCPG1, prepare monoclonal antibody against Vp1 protein and utilize it to screen clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis. Methods The Vp1 protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and monoclonal antibody against this protein was prepared by hybridoma technique. ELISA and Western blot were used to identify monoclonal antibodies. Then,the monoclonal antibody was prepared in quantity by injecting hybridoma cells into the abdominal cavity of BALB/C mice, and purified by using protein G affinity chromatography. Clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis were screened for the chlamydiaphage by immumofluorescence assay using the prepared monoclonal antibody.Results Purified Vp1 protein was obtained. The monoclonal antibody against Vp1 protein was gained after 3times of sub-clone and consistently identified as IgG1. Three hybridoma cell strains that stably secreted monoclonal antibody were generated. Chromosome analysis of hybridoma cells showed that the mean number of chromosome was 96, most of them were telocentric and a few were submetacentric. The titer of purified monoclonal antibody was more than 1: 12 800. Twenty clinical isolates were screened by using the monoclonal antibody and no positive results were obtained. Conclusions The monoclonal antibody against Vp1 protein of chlamydiaphage φCPG1 is successfully prepared, while no chlamydiaphage is detected by immumofluorescence assay using the prepared antibody in 20 clinical isolates of Ct.

Objective To add an open reading frame in the shuttle vector of pGFP ∷ CM for transfection of exogenous genes into Chlamydia muridarum.Methods The sequence of plasmid pGFP ∷ CM and new open reading frame (including promoter of pgp4,mCherry gene of red fluorescence protein and transcription termination sequence of Chlamydia trachomatis CT579) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the products were transfected into Stellar competent cells.The recombinant plasmids were identified by PCR,enzyme digestion and sequencing.Then the recombinant plasmid was transfected into plasmid-free strain CMUT3,and the GFP-and mCherry-positive inclusions were observed under the fluorescence microscope.After the ampicillin selection and plaque purification,the purified CMUT3-pGFP-mCherry-CM was identified by indirect immunofluorecesent stain using anti-pgp3 and anti-glgA antibodies.Results The correct recombinant plasmid after sequencing identification,enzyme digestion and PCR amplification was successfully transfected into CMUT3,and the GFP-and mCherry-positive inclusions were observed.The transfected strain CMUT3-pGFP-mCherry-CM was purified after ampicillin selection and plaque purification.The expression of pgp3 and glgA protein in CMUT3-pGFP-mCherry-CM was similar to that in CMUT3-pGFP ∷ CM.Conclusion An open reading frame is successfully added in the plasmid pGFP ∷ CM,and the new plasmid can be transfected into CMUT3 and express exogenous protein,which can be used for further study on the function of single chlamydial protein.

Objective To evaluate inhibitory effects of the Chlamydiaphage phiCPG1 capsid protein Vp1 on Chlamydia psittaci strain guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) serovar E,and to provide new ideas for the treatment of Ct infection.Methods The Chlamydiaphage phiCPG1 capsid protein Vp1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 transfected with the recombinant plasmid Vp1-pET30a (+),identified by Western blot analysis and purified by using dialysis bags.Bicinchonininc acid (BCA) assay was performed to determine the concentration of Vp1 protein.GPIC and Ct serovar E strains were both classified into 4 groups to be firstly incubated with Vp1 protein (Vp1 group),Tris-glycine solution (Tris group),S protein (S group) or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM,DMEM group) at room temperature for 3 hours,then were used to infect Hela cells followed by 72-hour (GPIC) or 48-hour (Ct serovar E) culture with the presence of Vp 1 protein (Vp 1 group),Tris-glycine solution (Tris group),S protein (S group) or DMEM (DMEM group).Subsequently,immunofluorescence staining was conducted to observe and count chlamydial inclusions.Results The number of GPIC inclusions was significantly different between the 4 groups after 72-hour culture (F=476.632,P＜ 0.05),and lower in the Vp1 group (5.0 ± 1.5) than in the Tris group (24 ± 1.2,P＜ 0.05),S group (25 ± 1.7,P＜ 0.05) and DMEM group (25 ± 1.5,P＜ 0.05),but insignificantly different between the latter 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the DMEM group,the Vp1 group showed a significant decrease of 80.2％ ± 3.99％ and 77.2％ ± 1.79％ in the number of GPIC and Ct serovar E inclusions respectively,with no significant difference in the inhibitory effect of Vp1 on GPIC versus Ct serovar E (t =2.057,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The phiCPG1 capsid protein Vp1 can obviously inhibit GPIC and Ct serovar E infections to a similar degree.

Objective To optimize immunodominant protein combinations for serological screening for Cblamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection.Methods Both serum and genital swab samples were collected from 50 patients with Ct infection confirmed by colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA),and 30 GICA-negative clients without Ct infection at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.The 30 serum samples from GICA-negative clients were also negative for microimmunofluorescence (MIF) assay.Eight Ct immunodominant proteins,including Pgp3,CPAF,CT143,CT101,CT694,CT875,CT813 and IncA,were selected as antigens to detect corresponding antibodies in the serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the Ct proteins Hsp60 and major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as references.The results of ELISA were compared with those of the traditional gold standard method MIF assay to determine the immunodominant protein combination with the highest sensitivity and specificity.Results Of the 50 serum samples from patients with Ct infection,44 were positive and 6 negative by MIF.The results of ELISA with the combination of immunodominant proteins Pgp3,CT694 and CT875 as antigens were 97.73％ (43/44) consistent to those of MIF assay.Of the 30 serum samples from GICA-negative clients,all were negative by MIF.Meanwhile,no antibody was detected against any of the immunodominant proteins Pgp3,CT694 and CT875 in any of the serum samples from GICA-negative clients.Conclusions The ELISA with the combination of immunodominant proteins Pgp3,CT694 and CT875 as antigens has good sensitivity and specificity for serological screening for Ct infection,and is simple to operate and easy to popularize.

Objective To investigate the capability of empathy for pain in bipolar disorder (BD). Methods Thirty-two patients with BD (16, 8 and 8 in depressed, manic and remitted phases, respectively) and 32 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education were recruited. Empathy for pain paradigm were used. Subjects were required to judge whether the person in the picture felt painful and rate pain degree regarding to painful and neutral pictures. Accuracy, reaction time and ratings of pain degree were used as indicators of empathy for pain. Chinese version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C) were used to measure empathy. Results Compared to controls, accuracy of painful pictures was significantly lower in patients [(0.74±0.16) vs.(0.83±0.10), P<0.05]. Reaction time for both painful [(903.84±167.49) ms vs. (765.06±108.21) ms] and neutral [(880.44 ± 190.36) ms vs. (750.31 ± 103.15)ms] pictures were significantly longer in patients (P<0.05). Pa?tients showed lower scores in factors of perspective taking [(9.20±5.43) vs. (12.43±4.13)], fantasy [(11.85±4.57) vs. (15.50± 5.56)] and empathy concern [(14.59±5.35) vs. (17.63±3.37)] in IRI-C (P<0.05). Accuracy of painful pictures was positively correlated with scores in fantasy (r=0.37, P=0.04) and reaction time was positively correlated with duration of disease in pa?tients (r=0.64, P<0.01). Conclusion Bipolar disorder has deficit in the capability of empathy for pain.

Objective To obtain the full length (FL ) and C‐terminal fragment of polymorphic membrane protein I (PmpI) of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D ,and to study the immunogenicity of these proteins .Methods The target genes of PmpI‐FL and PmpI‐C were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted into the prokaryotic plasmid vector pGEX‐6P‐1 .The recombinant plasmids pGEX‐6P‐1/PmpI‐FL and pGEX‐6P‐1/PmpI‐C were separately transformed into Escherichia .coli ( E . coli) DH5αand were identified by enzyme digestion ,sequencing and PCR .After the identification ,the recombinant plasmids were separately transformed into E .coli BL21 and induced to express the proteins . The expected proteins were identified by Coomassie brilliant blue staining and Western blot ,then purified by glutathione S‐transferase (GST) MagBeads .The purified proteins were then injected into BALB/c mice to prepare the polyclonal antibodies against PmpI‐FL or PmpI‐C .Enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantitative detection of the specific antibody .Results The lengths of cloned target genes PmpI‐FL and PmpI‐C were 2 659 bp and 1 195 bp ,respectively ,and the sequences were consistent with those of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D in GenBank .The molecular masses of target proteins were 122 000 and 69 000 ,respectively ,which were confirmed by Coomassie brilliant blue staining and Western blot and then purified .The titers of the antibodies (anti‐PmpI‐FL and anti‐PmpI‐C) in sera of immunized mice detected by ELISA were 1∶12 800 and 1∶6 400 ,respectively .Conclusion The PmpI‐FL‐GST and PmpI‐C‐GST fusion proteins with high immunogenicity are successfully expressed and purified , which lays the foundation for further study .

BACKGROUND:Kinesio taping is often used for the treatment of various sports injuries.The methods of foot and ankle sports taping are complex and diverse.Among them,Fascia taping is applicable to a wider range of people and can be used for different foot posture types,but it still lacks of practical verification,and its specific biomechanical role is not clear. OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes in plantar pressure characteristics of subjects with different foot positions during walking and jogging after Fascia taping. METHODS:Thirty-seven young healthy subjects were recruited from the Yantai campus of Binzhou Medical University to conduct the test.They were scored according to the foot posture index-six items version,and were divided into the supination foot group,the neutral foot group,and the pronation foot group.The static foot morphological indexes(including navicular drop,arch height index,arch height flexibility-longitudinal arch,and arch height flexibility-transverse arch)and the pressure-time integral of each foot zone during walking and jogging were collected and calculated respectively before and after Kinesio taping.The specific biomechanical mechanism of Fascia taping was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)General data:There was no statistical difference among the three groups of subjects in general data,such as gender,height,and body mass index(P>0.05).Before taping,there was a significant difference in the foot morphological indexes and the areas of the outer front foot,midfoot,and hindfoot between different foot posture groups(P<0.01).(2)Static foot morphological indexes:After taping,there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in navicular drop,arch height flexibility-longitudinal arch,and arch height flexibility-transverse arch(P>0.05),while there was still a significant difference between the groups in the arch height index(P<0.05).In the supination foot group,the arch height index increased slightly,but there was no significant difference before and after taping(P>0.05).In the pronation foot group,the navicular drop and arch height flexibility-longitudinal arch was significantly reduced,and the arch height index was increased.There was a significant difference before and after taping(P<0.05).(3)The index of plantar pressure during walking:After taping,there was no significant difference between the three groups in the area of lateral forefoot and medial midfoot(P>0.05).In the pronation foot group,the lateral load of the forefoot increased after taping(P<0.05).In the supination position group,the load of the lateral forefoot and midfoot regions increased significantly(P<0.05),while the difference in the rear foot region was not significant(P>0.05).(4)The index of plantar pressure during jogging:After taping,there was no statistically significant difference between groups in the lateral forefoot(P>0.05).In the pronation foot group,the load of the medial forefoot increased significantly(P<0.05).In the supination position group,the load of the lateral forefoot,the middle foot and the rear foot region increased significantly(P<0.05).(5)The results showed that the Fascia taping was suitable for different foot postures.It could not only correct the static foot structure of subjects with different foot postures,but also regulate the abnormal plantar pressure distribution during the dynamic activities of walking and jogging,and the load of the midfoot,forefoot,and hindfoot in the supination and pronation posture tended to normal foot posture load level.