The medical curriculum which is designed reasonable, plays a decisive role in the training specifications and quality of medical talents. The medical education in England is always in the world first column, and its medical curriculum is distinctive. The courses are mostly offered by the form of integration. They pay more attention to the setup of selective courses, humanities and social sciences courses, and they also put emphasis on the early clinical contact and early scientific research training. In addition, they are also outstanding in practice and internship. There is much beneficial enlightenment for our country's course reform from the British medical curriculum design, namely to establish integration courses which is interdisciplinary, to strengthen the humanistic quality's cultiva-tion, to advocate early clinical contact and early scientific research, and to strengthen cooperation and coordination between medical colleges and social organizations in all aspects.

A quantitative analysis method based on solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater was established. Samples filtered at pH of 2 and spiked with internal standard were loaded to Oasis Prime MCX cartridges for solid-phase extraction. The samples were washed with 4 mL of methanol and eluted with 4 mL of 5% ammonia in acetonitrile before reconstituting with 0.1% formic acid/water solution. ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column was used for chromatography, and gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid/water solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The samples were then detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was adopted for quantitative analysis. All analytes had a good linear relationship (r ≥ 0.993 2) within the range of their respective standard curve; the limit of quantification was 1 ng/L (except amphetamine at 2.5 ng/L); the extraction recovery ranged from 82.13% to 99.96%; and the intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 9.43%. The method is accurate, reliable and reproducible, and is suitable for the quantitative determination of illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater and can provide an analytical method for real-time monitoring of drug abuse.

Objective: To explore the interaction effects and possible sex differences in childhood emotional overeating and polygenic influences on adolescent pubertal timing and tempo. Methods: In March 2016 (T0), all participants were recruited from grades 1 to 3 from two primary school of Bengbu, Anhui Province using cluster sampling, and follow up surveys were conducted once per year (T1, T2, T3). Emotional overeating was assessed at T1 and pubertal development was assessed annually (breast Tanner stage in girls and testicular volume in boys). The nonlinear growth model was used to estimate pubertal timing and tempo. Polygenic risk scores were calculated based on 17 SNPs for early pubertal timing. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to examine the interaction effects between childhood emotional overeating and polygenic risk scores on pubertal timing and tempo. Results: The complete data of 896 children were analyzed, including 373 boys (41.60%) and 523 girls (58.40%). A total of 203 (22.7%) children reported emotional overeating behavior at T1. After adjusting for several variables including early life adversity, delivery mode, and birthweight, only emotional overeating was associated with accelerated pubertal tempo among girls with a high genetic risk (B=0.19, 95%CI=0.07~0.32， P<0.01), although there was no association with pubertal timing (B=0.14, 95%CI=-0.12~0.41，P=0.28). In girls with a low genetic risk and boys, no evidence was found to support interaction effects between childhood emotional overeating and polygenic influences on pubertal timing and tempo (P＞0.05). Conclusion Emotional overeating was associated with a faster pubertal tempo in girls who had a high genetic risk of early pubertal development.

Objective: To evaluate the development trajectory of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in childhood, and to explore the influence of different SSB intake patterns on childhood obesity. Methods: In 2016, a follow-up cohort study was carried out in two primary schools in Bengbu, Anhui Province. Three annual follow-ups were conducted in 1 263 children at baseline, and 997 children were included in the final analysis. Parental and student questionnaires were used to obtain basic information related to the children s consumption of SSBs. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was applied to classify the development trajectory of SSB intake patterns in childhood. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation between different SSB intake patterns and childhood obesity. Results: GBTM identified four childhood SSB intake patterns, namely, the "persistently-low group (n=822), “decreasing-after-increasing” group (n=20), “gradually-decreasing” group (n=106), and “increasing” group (n=49). In the decreasing-after-increasing group and the gradually-decreasing group, baseline BMI levels and BMI levels obtained at the three follow-ups were significantly higher than those observed in the persistently-low group (F=6.26, 5.90, 5.99, 5.87, P<0.01). There were sex differences in the association between SSB intake patterns and the children s BMI levels. Among girls, after adjusting for confounding factors, the gradually decreasing group increased by 1.20 kg/m 2(B=1.20，95%CI=0.25-2.15, P=0.01) when compared with the persistently low group at the third follow-up. Among boys, no statistically significant association was found between SSB intake patterns and BMI levels (P>0.05). Conclusion Sex differences were observed with respect to the association between SSB intake patterns and obesity in children. Girls with a higher SSB intake had a significantly increased risk of obesity. Further studies are needed to explore the physiological mechanisms underlying sex differences, to provide the theoretical basis for developing intervention programs to prevent childhood obesity.

Background:Deoxyhypusine synthase(DHPS)is a key factor in post-translational modification of the precursor of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A(eIF-5A),and eIF-5A is closely related to the regulation of proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Aims:To investigate the expression of DHPS in gastric cancer and its clinical significance,and to explore the possible mechanism of its effect on metastasis of gastric cancer. Methods:Tissue microarray containing 92 gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent cancerous tissues was employed to detect the DHPS expression by using immunohistochemical staining,and the correlation of DHPS expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed. DHPS-siRNA and GC7,an inhibitor of DHPS were used,respectively to intervene human gastric cancer cell line MGC803. The invasive ability of MGC803 cells was assessed by cell invasion assay,and the expressions of metastasis-related proteins including vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)and MMP9 were detected by ELISA. Results:In 62(67.4%)cases of gastric cancer,DHPS was highly expressed,and its expression was closely related to tumor diameter,TNM stage and depth of invasion(P <0.05),but not related to gender,age,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis(P >0. 05). Both DHPS-siRNA and GC7 could down-regulate the invasiveness of MGC803 cells,while the former could also reduce the expressions of VEGF,MMP2 and MMP9 proteins(P <0.05). Conclusions:DHPS is highly expressed in gastric cancer and associated with tumor invasion and progression. DHPS is expected to be a new target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer because of its regulatory effect on invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.

Objective To evaluate the value of perioperative multimodal stratified analgesia guided by PPRS-CYMZ 2.0. Methods One hundred and sixteen patients of both sexes, aged 16-85 yr, of A-merican Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery in our hospital in August 2016, were included in this study and assigned into empirical analgesia group(group E, n=79) and stratified analgesia group(group S, n=73). The risk of postoperative pain was estimated by an expe-rienced associate chief anesthesiologist based on his clinical experience, and the perioperative analgesic protocol was determined in group E. The risk of postoperative pain was assessed using the perioperative pain risk scale PPRS-CYMZ 2.0 by another experienced associate chief anesthesiologist, the risk was stratified according to the scores, and the corresponding stratified analgesic protocol was determined in group S. Vis-ual analog scale scores and parents′satisfaction with analgesia were recorded on postoperative day 30. The requirement for preventive analgesia, total pressing times of patient-controlled analgesia(PCA)pump in 0-6 h, 6-24 h and 24-72 h periods, PCA background infusion dose and consumption of rescue analgesics were recorded. The development of adverse events during postoperative hospital stay and postoperative re-covery were also recorded. Analgesia-related parameters of medical economics were calculated. Results There was no significant difference in postoperative pain risk stratification between group E and group S(P>0.05), and the majority of patients were at moderate risk. Compared with group E, no significant change was found in visual analog scale scores on postoperative day 30, PCA background infusion dose or incidence of postoperative adverse effects(P>0.05), the requirement for preventive analgesia and satisfaction scores were significantly increased in high risk patients, the consumption of rescue analgesics was decreased in moderate risk patients(P<0.05), no significant change was found in the total pressing times of PCA pump in each time period in low risk patients(P>0.05), the total pressing times of PCA pump was significantly decreased, and the direct analgesic cost per patient and total analgesic cost were decreased in moderate and high risk patients, and the first ambulation time and length of postoperative hospital stay were shortened in high risk patients in group S(P<0.05). Conclusion PPRS-CYMZ 2.0 can achieve perioperative multi-modal stratified analgesia and individualized treatment.

In this study,we developed a novel on-line solid phase extraction (SPE)-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based analytical method for simulta-neously quantifying 12 illicit drugs and metabolites (methamphetamine,amphetamine,morphine,co-deine,6-monoacetylmorphine,benzoylecgonine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine,cocaine,ketamine,norketamine,and methcathinone) and cotinine(COT) in wastewater samples.The analysis was performed by loading 2 mL of the sample onto an Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge and using a cleanup step (5％ methanol) to eliminate interference with a total run time of 13 min.The isotope-labeled internal standard method was used to quantify the target substances and correct for unavoidable losses and matrix effects during the on-line SPE process.Typical analytical characteristics used for method validation were sensitivity,linearity,precision,repeatability,recovery,and matrix effects.The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ)of each target were set at 0.20 ng/L and 0.50 ng/L,respectively.The linearity was between 0.5 ng/L and 250 ng/L,except for that of COT.The intra-and inter-day precisions were ＜10.45％ and 25.64％,respec-tively,and the relative recovery ranged from 83.74％ to 162.26％.The method was used to analyze various wastewater samples from 33 cities in China,and the results were compared with the experimental re-suits of identical samples analyzed using off-line SPE.The difference rate was between 19.91％and-20.44％,and the error range could be considered acceptable.These findings showed that on-line SPE is a suitable alternative to off-line SPE for the analysis of illicit drugs in samples.