OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ADR evaluation in China.METHODS:The ADR signal evaluation method adopted by the pharmacovigilance center in Netherlands was analyzed by means of literature review,contrasting analysis and data reduction etc.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:We should draw experience from the pharmacovigilance center in Netherlands about the evaluation method on ADR signal and establish ADR evaluation databases of high quality;furthermore, we should attach great importance to the application of pharmacoepidemiology and statistics in ADR evaluation and gradually replace the qualitative evaluation with quantitative one for ADR signal.

During the last forty years, although cytotoxic chemotherapy for gastric cancer patients has improved to some extent, its therapeutic effect is limited. Simultaneously, great progression of oncobiology to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of gastric cancer has been made. Currently the cancer cell has been characterized by several genetic changes that lead to altered cellular functions. In addition, multiple cancer-cell environment factors affect the tumor cell via various receptors and subsequent signaling pathways. The increasing knowledge of cellular signaling offers the opportunity to develop novel substances that target specific pathway molecules.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and evaluate the quantitative evaluation of ADR signals in FDA and to provide a reference for ADR evaluation in China. METHODS: By means of literature review,contrasting analysis and data reduction,ADR signal evaluation in FDA was investigated. RESULTS&CONCLUSION: In USA MGPS method is used for the quantitative evaluation of ADR signal, which can earlier obtain ADR signal and effectively promote the risk warning ability of ADR information. This is practical in our country and we should learn from them. Combined with various data analyzing methods, we can set up a high-quality evaluation database for ADR signals. The importance of pharmacoepidemiology and statistics in ADR evaluation should be highly recognized and the methods for ADR signals evaluation should be gradually shifted from qualitative to quantitative evaluation.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppression regimens,postoperative complications,dead causes and risk factors of lung transplantation (LTx).Methods The immunosuppression regimens and clinical data of 100 patients with end-stage lung diseases receiving LTx in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed between Sept.2002 to Dec.2010.There were 72 patients subject to single LTx and 28 patients to bilateral LTx,amongst them 61 patients received LTx under circulation support,including 5 cases of cardopulmonary bypass (CPB) support and 56 cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.The immunosuppression regimens including Cyclosporin,mycophemolate Mofeil and corticosteroids were utilized in 53 recipients before the year of 2007,and Cyclosporin was switched to Tacrolimus in 47 patients after 2007.All the patients received Daclizumab or Basiliximab as immunosuppression induction regimens.Results The 1-,2-,3-and 5-year survival rate after LTx was 73.3％,61.6％,53.5％ and 40.7％ respectively.The mean survival time post-transplant in the patients who received Cyclosporin-based regimens and Tacrolimus-based regimens were (36.57 ± 3.44) months and (35.00 ± 2.33) months,repectively,with no significant differences (P＞0.05).The main causes of mortality included primary graft dysfunction (PGD),acute rejection (AR),bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) and sepsis.The incidence of AR and BOS in Tacrolimus group was significantly lower than that in Cyclosporin grou (P ＜0.05),but the incidence of diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in Tacrolimus group.Analysis of Spearman rank correlation revealed that there was a direct correlation between the incidence of AR and BOS (r =0.340,P＜0.01).The use of circulation support,diagnosis of IPF,postoperative complications such as AR,BOS and infection were associated with decreased survival time postoperatively,in both univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression models (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cyclosporin-and Tacrolimus-based regimens were both effective immunosuppression strategies postoperatively,Consummate follow-up surveillance and prompt treatment of complications were the key points in prolongation of survival time and improving quality of life after LTx.

ObjectiveTo investigate the treatment effects of comprehensive nursing intervention on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) treated by non-invasive mechanical ventilation with BiPAP mode.Methods96 patients with diagnosed COPD and using non-invasive mechanical ven- tilation with BiPAP mode were randomly divided into the control group(46 cases) which was treated with routine measures and the comprehensive nursing intervention group (50 cases) which adopted comprehen- sive nursing intervention according to experimental design. The frightening degree, incidence rate of com- plications and clinical treatment effect by ventilator were compared between the two groups.ResultsPa- tients compliance with treatment and clinical treatment effect by ventilator in the comprehensive nursing in- tervention group was better than that of the control group. The frightening degree and incidence rate ofcomplications were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01 ).ConclusionsComprehensive nurs-ing intervention with non-invasive mechanical ventilation with BiPAP mode can improve the treatmentcompliance of COPD patients,reduce complications followed by non-invasive mechanical ventilation andreach the prospective treatment effect.

Objective To explore the epidemiology,etiology and prevention strategy of early respiratory infections (≤1 month) in lung transplantation recipients with donation after cardiac death donors.Method The clinical data of donors and recipients,particularly on early respiratory infections,were retrospectively analyzed in 17 lung transplantations.Result From Jan.2015 to Apr.2015,12 episodes of early respiratory infections (≤ 1 month) in 17 lung transplantation recipients occurred (12/17,70.6％).The organisms most frequently involved were bacteria:Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4/26,15.4％),Klebsiella pneumoniae (4/26,15.4％),Staphylococcus aureus (3/26,11.5％),and Acinetobacter baumannii (3/26,11.5％).Of 26 bacterial strains,3 were Methecillin resistant Staphlococcus aureus,3 were carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumanni,2 were carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas cepacia,2 were extended spectrum b-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae,and one was carbapenem and quinolone resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion The morbidity of early infections is high in lung transplantation recipients.In our experience,bacterial respiratory infections are most common in the early post-transplant period (≤ 1 month).Incidence of Aspergillus spp.and Cytomegalovirus pneumonia is lower than before lung transplantation,probably due to the spread of universal prophylaxis.

Objective To observe the effect of GPR30 agonist G1 on high glucose-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) in endothelial EA .hy926 cells.Methods EA.hy926 endothelial cells were divided into three groups:nor-mal control group (Con, 17.51 mmol /L glucose), high glucose (HG, 33.3 mmol /L), high glucose +G1 group (HG+G1, HG +1 μmol/L G1).The apoptosis rate of endothelial cells was measured by flow cytometry , the protein expres-sion changes of ERS related molecules Bip , IRE1, PERK and apoptotic molecules Bax , Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot, the mRNA expressions of Bip and CHOP were measured by RT-PCR assay.Results Compared with Con group , the apoptosis in HG group was significantly increased (P <0.01), Bip, IRE1, PERK and apoptotic molecule Bax were upreg-ulateded (P <0.05, P<0.01 or P <0.001), Bcl-2 downregulatted (P <0.01) and Bip mRNA, CHOP mRNA expres-sion were upregulated (P <0.001 and P<0.01).Compared with the HG group, apoptosis rate in HG +G1 group was significantly lower (P <0.05), BIP, IRE1, PERK and apoptotic molecules Ba.0 downregulated ( P <0.05 or P <0.01), Bcl-2 expressions was increased (P <0.05), Bip mRNA and CHOP mRNA expression were decreased (P<0.001 or P<0.01).Conclusion GPR30 agonist G-1 inhibits EA.hy926 ERS in endothelial cells.

Human resources are the key to TCM development. This article explored the effective channels to construct the system by deeply studying and identifying problem of the quantity, quality, configuration, development and training of TCM human resources under the characteristic medical reform of Gansu Province to provide references for better research and plan of TCM human resources for relevant department, further to realize the sustabile development of TCM characteristic medical reform in Gansu Province.

Objective To compare early enteral with parenteral nutrional support in patients after hepatectomy. Methods In this study, 59 patients were randomized into 2 groups to respectively receive enteral or parenteral nutritional support beginning the first day post-op for a week. The general nutrition condition, liver function, gut function, dosage of albumin, mortality, complication rate and expense were recorded. Results Patients were given same quantity of heat and nitrogen. At the end of the study, serum albumin, body weight and upper arm circumference had not reached the preoperative level in patients receiving enteral mutrition while all except for serum prealbumin had not reached the level in parenterally nutritional patients. Furthermore, the time of gut begins functional (29?12) h in enterally nutritional patients was shorter than in parenterally nutritional patients (38?14) h. Enteral nutrition was more economic than parenteral nutrition (P