Objective To investigate the difference in occurrence of pneumothorax and bleeding under lung biopsy between the elderly and the non-elderly. Methods A total of 297 consecutive patients were involved in the study and divided into non- elderly group (＜ 60 yrs,122 cases),and elderly group (≥60 yrs,175 cases).Eighteen gauge (18G) cutting needles were used for biopsy with computed tomography (CT) guidance. Biopsy samples were detected by histology and cytology pathology. Results Pneumothorax occured in 108 of 297 biopsies (36.4％),pneumothorax rate was higher in elderly group (76 cases,43.4％) than in non-elderly group(32 cases,26.2％) (x2=9.19,P＜0.01).No statistical significance was found in different degrees of pneumothorax between the two groups.Perifocal hemorrhage occured in 156 of 297 biopsies (52.5％),higher frequency of hemorrhage occurred in elderly group (105 cases,60.0％) than in non-elderly group(51 cases,41.8％)(x2=9.55,P＜0.01),and the more flake bleeding vas found in elderly group than in nonelderly group(x2 =20.28,P＜0.01). Conclusions In CT guided coaxial cutting needle biopsy,the incidence of pneumothorax and considerably bleeding are higher in the elderly than in non-elderly.

Objective To explore the methods of embolism in simple and complex arteriovenous malformation of body.Methods Ten cases with the body arteriovenous malformations treated with interventional embolization were retrospectively analysed. Coil or detached bollon were used in simple arteriovenous malformations which could be embolized directly, while IBCA were used in complex ones, which could embolize the abnormal vascular group, blocking blood supply of multiple arteries and preventing construction of collateral circulation which could lead to recur. Results The abnormal vasculars were embolized completely in all ten cases, and there were no recurrent followed-up for 1～6 years.Conclusion Interventional embolization is a simple and credible therapeutic method for arteriovenous malformations of body , and it should be the primary plan.

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Objective To study the value of magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in assessing the atherosclerotic plaque burden of rabbit model.Methods We built up abdominal atherosclerotic animal model in 30 New Zealand rabbits by high lipid diet combined with abdominal artery denudation.The animals were divided into 3 groups randomly,which were the 1-week group,1-month group and 2-months group.The MRI and histology examination were carried out at relative time points.The correlations of area or thickness of vessel wall by MRI with histology examination were analyzed.Results Among the 30 rabbits,3 died due to anesthesia or surgery,one rabbit model failed because of the thin vessel,and another 3 died of diarrhea or inflammation during the high lipid diet feeding.Eventually,totally 23 rabbits fulfilled the examinations (7 in 1-week group,7 in 1-month group and 9 in 2-months group).The vessel wall area of histology examination grew larger along with the post-surgery duration,from 1.7663 mm2of 1-week group to 2.4371 mm2 of the 1-month group till 3.5978 mm2 of 2-months group,with statistic significant difference among 3 groups (F=5.052,P=0.017).There were strong correlations of area or thickness vessel wall resulted from MRI with histology examination(r=0.688,0.642;P=0.001,0.002).Conclusions High resolution MR vessel wall imaging technique may evaluate and follow up the plaque burden in the early stage of atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of precise hepatic segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy using intraoperative image-guided interventional intravascular segmental vessel balloon catheter occlusion of the segmental hepatic artery and portal vein.Methods 6 patients with liver resection carried out from 2011.3-2011.8 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The mean operating time was (270.83±21.31) min,the median of blood loss was 800 ml,the median of intraoperative transfusion volume was 450 ml.The tumors were mainly located in segments Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ.The mean diameter of tumor was (5.67±1.03) cm.Postoperative liver function in the first postoperative day showed the mean alanine aminotranferase (ALT) was (570.00±157.76) U/L,the mean aspirate aminotrarsferase (AST) was (410.00 ±189.94) U/L,and the mean total bilirubin (TBIL) was (10.83± 1.60) mmol/L.Liver function recovered to normal within 7 days.There was intestinal leakage and wound dehiscence in one patient,pleural and effusion in two patients.Conclusion Imageguided interventional intravascular segmental vessel balloon catheter occlusion was a safe and efficacious maneuver.This technique allowed hepatic segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy to be carried out,decreased intraoperative bleeding,and protected the function of the liver remnant.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance(MR)-guided prostate biopsy based on abnormal diffusion weighted imaging for prostate cancer in elder men.Methods From July 2014 to Dec 2016,56 patients (age≥ 65 years) with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)abnormalities undergoing MR-guided prostate biopsy were retrospectively evaluated.According to pathological diagnosis,patients were divided into prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer groups.The clinical data of two groups were analyzed.The correlation of Gleason score,prostate specific antigen(PSA),and the location and number of biopsy were compared.Results Among 56 cases,32 (57.1％)were diagnosed as prostate cancer,and 24 (42.9％)as chronic prostatitis and prostatic hyperplasia (non-prostate cancer).There were statistically significant differences between prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer in age[(73.0±5.7)vs.(70.1±4.3)year]and PSA[(9.3±6.0)μg/L vs.(6.0± 3.9)μg/L] (both P＜0.05),and no statistical differences in biopsy location and biopsy number(t =2.08,2.37,P＞ 0.05).Gleason score had no correlation with PSA level and biopsy location and biopsy number(r=0.189、-0.183、0.082,P＞0.05).Conclusions MR-guided prostate biopsy based on MR-DWI has some merits,such as accurate positioning,fewer numbers of biopsy,and lower false-negative rate.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a proper animal model of pyogenic spondylitis, to evaluate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles for treatment of spinal pyogenic infections, and to explore the distribution of the particles in the body of the animals. METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated into intervertebral discs of rabbits to establish a spinal pyogenic infection model. These rabbits were divided into Group A [0.1 mg/(kg.d)], Group B [1 mg/(kg.d)], and a Control group. Groups A and B were injected with different doses of silver nanoparticles solution daily at locally infected side. Two weeks later, bacterial cultures, radiographic outcomes, histopathology were analyzed. Atomic absorption spectrometry was utilized to measure silver contents in some vital organs of the rabbits to detect the distribution and accumulation of silver particles. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus (100 CFU/mL), induced 100% pyogenic spondylitis. 1 mg/kg dose of silver nanoparticles solution could effectively inhibit the occurrence of spinal pyogenic infection with the effective rate of 75%. While the effect of 0.1 mg/kg dose of silver nanoparticles solution was less obvious, the efficiency was only 25%. Significant numbers of silver nanoparticles were observed to accumulate in the animal. In the 1 mg/kg group silver was deposited mainly in the spinal cord, liver, kidneys, spleen, and testicles, while in the 0.1 mg/kg group it accumulated only in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION Local administration of silver nanoparticles can effectively prevent and treat pyogenic spondylitis; the particles accumulate in the body commensurate with the administered drug concentration.
Animals ; Infusions, Intralesional ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Metal Nanoparticles ; administration & dosage ; Rabbits ; Silver ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Spondylitis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of superfine grinding on the powder properties and dissolution of oyster shell， and to provide experimental basis for its comprehensive exploitation. METHODS： Oyster shells were firstly prepared into ordinary powder by grinder. Then the ordinary powder was prepared into micro-powder Ⅰ （crushing 5 min） and Ⅱ （crushing 10 min） by ultrafine pulverizer. The differences of micromeritic properties were investigated before and after superfine grinding from the aspects of particle size distribution， specific surface area and porosity， angle of repose， bulk density， hygroscopicity， etc. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）， Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） techniques were used to analyze the morphological characteristics and chemical structure of oyster shell before and after superfine grinding. The dissolution were investigated. RESULTS： Compared with ordinary powder， micropowder Ⅰ and micropowder Ⅱ’s were small in particle size and uniformly distributed， but the particles were easy to adhere and aggregate； the specific surface area， porosity and the angle of repose increased， while bulk density decreased； the hygroscopicity increased. FTIR and XRD showed no significant change in chemical structure of oyster shell after superfine grinding. The dissolution rate of micropowder Ⅱ and micropowder Ⅰ was 18.5％ and 10.3％ at 10 min， and the dissolution of ordinary powder was only 6.4％ at 60 min. CONCLUSIONS： Compared with ordinary powder， oyster shell show obvious differences in powder properties after superfine grinding； the dissolution rate of the powders increases， and there is no significant change in chemical structure.

Increased intestinal barrier permeability, leaky gut, has been reported in patients with autism. However, its contribution to the development of autism has not been determined. We selected dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to disrupt and metformin to repair the intestinal barrier in BTBR T⁺tf/J autistic mice to test this hypothesis. DSS treatment resulted in a decreased affinity for social proximity; however, autistic behaviors in mice were improved after the administration of metformin. We found an increased affinity for social proximity/social memory and decreased repetitive and anxiety-related behaviors. The concentration of lipopolysaccharides in blood decreased after the administration of metformin. The expression levels of the key molecules in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and their downstream inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex were both repressed. Thus, "leaky gut" could be a trigger for the development of autism via activation of the lipopolysaccharide-mediated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
Mice ; Animals ; NF-kappa B ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; Autistic Disorder/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/physiology*