Objective To observe interference effect of Ambroxol (AMB) hydrochloride injection on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats caused by cigarette smoking exposure.Methods Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rat models were established by simple cigarette smoking exposure,interfered with AMB inhalation.Rats were divided into three groups.Cell counts were examined routinely in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).The concentrations of Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)、interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in BALF were measured.Quantitative analysis of pulmonary mean linear intercept (MLI),mean alveolar numbers (MAN),pulmonary alveolar area (PAA) and the relative area of elastic fibers were measured.Results Concentrations of MMP-9,IL-8 and TNF-? in BALF of COPD rats were positively correlated with total counts of white blood cell (WBC),percentage of neutrophil and absolute counts of neutrophil in BALF.Pulmonary elastic fibers were severely damaged in COPD rats;MLI,PAA were higher than those in control group (P0.05).Conclusion Simple cigarette smoking can cause COPD in rats.MMP-9,IL-8 and TNF-? in airway and alveoli pulmonum probably participate in the destruction of elastic fibers and forming of COPD.AMB inhalation can inhibit release of IL-8 and TNF-? in airway and alveoli pulmonum of COPD rats,alleviate the inflammation of local airway caused by cigarette smoking,playing a role in preventing and curing experimental COPD of rats.

Objective To study different e mbolization methods in various aneurys ms with metallic coils. Methods In 6 spherical aneurysms, the e mbolization was p erformed with coils in their bodies, discontinuing the total or part of the bloo d supply to the corresponding viscera. While in 6 diverticulum aneurysms, the em bolization with coils was conducted in their bodies only, maintaining the blood supply of the corresponding viscera. For some pseudoaneurysms, both afferent and efferent arteries were embolized and collateral arterial supplies were prevente d. Results All 19 cases 20 aneurysms, of aneurysms were success fully embolized. Among 8 cases of pseudoaneurysms, bleeding had been stopped in 7 cases. Putting coils in the b odies of aneurysms or embolizing both afferent and efferent arteries improved su ccessful rate. Conclusion Embolizing aneurysms with metallic co ils is an efficient, reliable, and simple interventional method for stopping bleeding.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the main reason of causing neonatal death and poor prognosis of the nervous system.The treatment of HIE has gone into the era of therapeutic hypothermia,the early,continuous,specification amplitude integrated electroencephalography(aEEG) monitoring for therapeutic hypothermia to screen appropriate cases,assess early the severity of HIE,provide early nerve protection treatment and evaluate the therapeutic efficiency,early intervention and improve the prognosis of the long-term HIE.This paper review the application of aEEG in the therapeutic hypothermia of HIE.

Objective To study the risk factors of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock patients. Methods 142 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in ICU were observed and divided into alive group (98 patients)and dead group (44 patients)by using hospital mortality.The risk factors of mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock patients were assessed by binary logistic regression.Results Independent mortality risk factors were inotropic agents (OR =4.329,95%CI:1.045 -17.937,P =0.043),blood glucose >10 mmol/L (OR =3.771,95%CI:1.214 -11.710,P =0.022)and APACHE Ⅱ score (OR =3.098,95%CI:2.012 -4.760,P =0.000),while PaO2 /FiO2 after early goal -directed therapy (EGDT)was protective factor (OR =0.682,95%CI:0.500 -0.930, P =0.016).Conclusion Severe sepsis and septic shock patients with inotropic agents,blood glucose >10mmol/L, high APACHE Ⅱ score and decreased PaO2 /FiO2 after EGDT indicate poorly prognosis.

Objective To study the value of magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging in assessing the atherosclerotic plaque burden of rabbit model.Methods We built up abdominal atherosclerotic animal model in 30 New Zealand rabbits by high lipid diet combined with abdominal artery denudation.The animals were divided into 3 groups randomly,which were the 1-week group,1-month group and 2-months group.The MRI and histology examination were carried out at relative time points.The correlations of area or thickness of vessel wall by MRI with histology examination were analyzed.Results Among the 30 rabbits,3 died due to anesthesia or surgery,one rabbit model failed because of the thin vessel,and another 3 died of diarrhea or inflammation during the high lipid diet feeding.Eventually,totally 23 rabbits fulfilled the examinations (7 in 1-week group,7 in 1-month group and 9 in 2-months group).The vessel wall area of histology examination grew larger along with the post-surgery duration,from 1.7663 mm2of 1-week group to 2.4371 mm2 of the 1-month group till 3.5978 mm2 of 2-months group,with statistic significant difference among 3 groups (F=5.052,P=0.017).There were strong correlations of area or thickness vessel wall resulted from MRI with histology examination(r=0.688,0.642;P=0.001,0.002).Conclusions High resolution MR vessel wall imaging technique may evaluate and follow up the plaque burden in the early stage of atherosclerosis.

Objective:To analyze the status of ethical management of biobanks in Shanghai public hospitals. Methods :A questionnaire survey on ethical management of biobanks was conducted in 9 representative ethics com-mittees, which were established in public hospitals with biobanks in Shanghai. Results: The ethics committees in Shanghai public hospitals had paid relatively high attention to ethical review of protocols were related to biobanks. Nonetheless, the ethical supervision and training on biobanks in Shanghai public hospitals should be enhanced. Con-clusion:The unified ethical guideline on biobanks should be developed in Shanghai for strengthening the standard-ized ethical management and ethics training to promote the development and use of biological samples library re-sources.

AIM:ToinvestigatetheexpressionofFoxp3+regulatoryTcells(Foxp3+Tregs)andprogrammed death receptor 1 (PD1) in gastric cancer tissues and their association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the patients.The correlation between the 2 molecules was also analyzed at the same time.METHODS: The tumor sections from 111 gastric cancer patients were stained for Foxp3 and PD1 by the method of immunohistochemistry.The associations of the expression levels of these 2 molecules with clinicopathological factors involved in the disease progression and progno-sis were statistically analyzed .The relationship of their expression was detected.RESULTS:Foxp3 +Tregs and PD1 were expressed in the gastric cancer tissues, and PD1 was expressed in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs) .The expres-sion of Foxp3 and PD1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinicopathological stage and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.The expression of these 2 determinants in the patients with lymph node metastasis and an advanced clinicopatho-logical stage was distinctly higher ( P<0.05 ) .The patients with positive expression of the 2 indexes presented a lower overall survival rate and worse prognosis (P<0.05).A significantly positive correlation between the infiltration of Foxp3 +Tregs and the expression of PD1+TILs was also observed (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Foxp3 +Tregs and PD1 +TILs co-infiltrate in the gastric cancer tissues, which can be used as biological markers to predict the disease progression and prog-nosis.

Objective To evaluate the role of CT or Chest radiograph in diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis.Methods The study population included 21 patients with chest wall tuberculosis confirmed by operation or biopsy. Chest radiograph and plain CT were performed in all cases, while enhanced CT in 9 cases , and all images were reviewed by 2 radiologists.Results Single soft tissue mass of the chest wall was detected in all cases on CT, but not on chest radiograph(?2=42.000,P

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinoma and the factors that influence sur-vival. Methods:A total of 91 cases of advanced biliary tract carcinoma from January 2010 to April 2015 were enrolled in our study. The patients' characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, and effects were analyzed. Results:We enrolled 56 males and 35 females with a me-dian age of 57 years. A total of 90 patients were assessable for their responses to first-line chemotherapy. A total of 69 patients re-ceived the GP regimen, whereas 21 patients received some other regimens. The disease control rate (DCR), median progression free survival (mPFS), and median overall survival (mOS) were 68.1%versus 52.4%, 5.10 months versus 2.50 months (P=0.025), and 13.00 months versus 7.20 months, respectively. Only 31 patients received S-1 based regimens, and 12 patients received some other regi-mens as second-line chemotherapy. The DCR, median PFS, and median OS showed no statistical differences. Only four patients re-ceived S-1 based regimen plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy (median PFS 5.3 months;median OS 7 months). Hematologi-call toxicity was the most common side effect in the first-line GP regimen. The side effects of the S-1 based chemotherapy regimen was relatively less. Conclusion:The GP regimen is an effective first-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract carcinoma, whereas S-1 ap-pears as an effective second-line chemotherapy drug. Bevacizumab-based regimens may be effective and require further validation.