Objective To investigate the role of S100B protein in the pathogenesis of patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE).Methods A total of 45 patients were enrolled in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2013 to October 2013,who were diagnosed as JE on the basis of clinical features and positive IgM antibodies against JE virus measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the Center of Disease Control of Shijiazhuang.The JE patients were divided into initial phase group,acute phase group and convalescence group based on the course,mild JE group,moderate JE group and severe JE group based on the severity,MRI-no-lesion group and MRI lesions group based on the imaging findings of JE.Twelve cases with no evidence of infection in central nervous system in the meantime were chosen as control.The S100B protein was measured by ELISA.Results The content of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid was as follows:522.76 (393.35,620.37) pg/ml in mild JE group (acute phase group:609.77 (549.27,779.71) pg/ml,convalescence group:420.48 (344.36,453.19) pg/ml),792.09 (705.47,1 108.96) pg/ml in moderate JE group (acute phase group:770.19 (646.31,1 069.54) pg/ml,convalescence group:803.45 (602.90,1 396.84) pg/ml),and 1 021.94 (680.84,1 302.15) pg/ml in severe JE group (acute phase group:981.82 (680.84,1 826.28) pg/ml,convalescence group:989.00 (553.62,1 207.67) pg/ml).The S100B protein content was 561.52 (454.36,814.56) pg/ml,803.45 (602.90,1 104.01) pg/ml,762.22 (594.95,1 044.97) pg/ml,581.76 (442.51,1 069.10) pg/ml in MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group,total acute phase group and total convalescence group,respectively.While in control group,the S100B protein content was 266.71 (205.72,390.05) pg/ml.The contents of S100B protein in moderate JE group,severe JE group,total acute phase group,total convalescence group,MRI-no-lesion group,MRI lesions group were higher than that in control group (H =4.864,5.497,5.075,3.918,2.971,4.981,P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.009,0.000).The contents of S100B protein in mild JE group was lower than that in moderate JE group and severe JE group (H =-2.786,-3.514,P =0.032,0.003).Conclusions The level of S100B protein in cerebrospinal fluid is related with the severity,duration and imaging presentation of JE patients.The dynamic monitoring of S100B protein levels is of great significance for assessment of the patients' condition and curative effect.

Vinflunine tartrate-loaded liposomes (VT-L) with two drug-to-lipid ratios were prepared by pH gradient method. Vesicle size and zeta potential were determined by the Zetasizer Nano ZS. Entrapment efficiency was evaluated by cation exchange resin centrifugalization method. The toxicity and tumor inhibition to nude mouse administrated by VT-L with different drug-to-lipid ratios were investigated and compared with the vinflunine tartrate injection (VT-I). The results showed that the mean particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of the VT-L with drug-to-lipid ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were 124.6 nm and 128.3 nm, -25.3 mV and -22.8 mV, 94.46% and 97.31%, respectively. The VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios has significantly higher anti-tumor effect to nude mouse transplanted human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 and lower toxicity than VT-I. While there were no significant differences in anti-tumor effect and toxicity between VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods Data of 42 patients supported with MV in intensive care unit (ICU) admitted to the Rui Jin Hospital from January through December in 2014 were retrospectively analyzed,and the causes for MV were recorded.According to the outcomes of weaning from MV after 48 hours,the patients were divided into two groups namely success group and failure group.Comparisons of fluid balance in 72 hours before spontaneous breathing trial (SBT),and comparisons of NT-proBNP1 levels at admission,NT-proBNP2 levels before SBT,NT-proBNP3 levels after 48 hours after SBT between two groups were carried out.And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting weaning rate was plotted to find the optimal cut-off point of NT-proBNP2.Results In the total of 42 patients,there were 27 cases in success group and 15 cases in failure group.There were not statistically differences of NT-proBNP1 levels between success group and failure group (P =0.121).However,the NT-proBNP2 levels and NT-proBNP3 levels in failure group were significantly higher than those in success group (P =0.01,0.003).The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curve of NT-proBNP2 levels to predict the failure of weaning was 0.862 (95％ CI:0.753-0.971).When the optimal cut-off point of NT-proBNP2 was 715.5 pg/mL,the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3％ and 74.1％,respectively.Conclusion The NT-proBNP2 levels before SBT have predictive value in weaning rate,and it can be used as one of the screening indicators for weaning.

Objective To find out the distribution of TCM constitution on the patients with stroke in Beijing. Method The TCM Constitution Questionnaire was used to evaluate 489 patients with stroke in three hospitals in Beijing. Results The qi-deficiency constitution (140 patients, 28.63%), yin-deficiency constitution (95 patients, 19.43%), blood-stasis constitution(89 patients, 18.20%) and phlegm-heat constitution (73 patients, 14.93%) were the most common constitution, while qi-depression constitution (22 patients, 4.50%) and yang-deficiency constitution (20 patients, 4.09%) were the less common. The top three constitution in middle aged wereqi-deficiency (33 patients, 27.27%), phlegm-heat (23 patients, 19.01%) and blood stasis (22 patients, 18.18%). The top three constitution in the aged groupwere qi-deficiency (107 patients, 29.08%), yin-deficiency (76 patients, 20.65%) and blood-stasis (67 patients, 18.21%). Conclusions Stroke is closely related with imbalance of TCM constitution. The prevention and treatment of stroke patients with different ages should vary according to the constitutions.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a disease with clinical manifestations of learning and memory impairment,cognitive dysfunction,and language dysfunction,the pathogenesis of AD is complex,of which Aβ theory covers various mechamisms such as oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and other mechanisms.Based on the Aβ mechanism and related signaling pathways,this study discusses the overview of typical Chinese medicines and their active ingredients in the prevention and treatment of AD.The aim is to provide insights and references for the development of traditional Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Refractory pulmonary disease is a respiratory disease that seriously threatens the health of patients, and can lead to impaired pulmonary function and even respiratory failure.Currently, conventional drug therapy does not work well, so it is particularly important to find more effective treatments.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a kind of multifunctional stem cells, which can promote the repair of damaged cells by regulating inflammatory and immune reactions and boost the regeneration of damaged tissues through paracrine.Therefore, MSCs are expected to provide a possibility for the treatment of refractory lung pulmonary diseases.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of 60 kV tube voltage combined with reduced contrast medium in CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).Methods:Totally 60 outpatients and inpatients with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m 2 who had suspected pulmonary embolism and were arranged for CTPA examination were enrolled in this study. They were divided into a control group and an test group according to the random number table method. A protocol with a conventional dose was adopted in the control group. This scheme consisted of 100 kV tube voltage and injection of 50 ml of contrast medium at the rate of 4.5 ml/s. A scheme with a low dose was employed in the experimental group. Specifically, this scheme involved 60 kV tube voltage scheme and injection of 30 ml of contrast medium mixed with 20 ml of normal saline at a rate of 4.5 ml/s. The objective image quality was assessed by measuring the Hounsfield units (HU) of five regions of interest (ROIs), i. e., pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, and right and left lower lobar arteries, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Moreover, the radiation doses were recorded. The subjective image quality was assessed by radiologists using a 5-point scale based on the overall image quality and the enhancement homogeneity of pulmonary arteries. The noise, SNR, CNR, and radiation dose of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the differences in the subjective image quality between the two groups were compared using the χ2 test. Results:All images met the requirements for clinical diagnosis. The two groups did not show significant differences in the overall subjective quality of CTPA images and enhancement scores ( P > 0.05), and in the average attenuation values of the pulmonary trunk and the left and right lower lobar arteries ( P > 0.05), but exhibited statistical differences in the average attenuation values of the left and right pulmonary arteries ( t = 2.75, 3.91, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the average background noise between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The test group had higher CNR of the left pulmonary artery and higher SNR and CNR of the right pulmonary artery than the control group, with statistically significant differences ( t = 0.04, 2.41, 3.08, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the SNR and CNR of other pulmonary artery branches between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The test group had an average effective dose of 1.24 mSv for CTPA, which was about one-third of that of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( t = 21.65, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The scheme of 60 kV tube voltage and reduced contrast medium for CTPA is feasible for patients with BMI < 25 kg/m 2. Using this scheme, the radiation and iodine dose can be reduced without affecting image quality.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a manifestation of orofacial neuropathic pain disorder,always deemed to be an insurmountable peak in the field of pain research and treatment.The pain is recurrent,abrupt in onset and termination similar to an electric shock or described as shooting.A poor quality of life has been attributed to trigeminal neuralgia,as the paroxysms of pain may be triggered by innocuous stimuli on the face or inside the oral cavity,such as talking,washing face,chewing and brushing teeth in daily life.The pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia has not been fully elucidated,although the microvascular compression in the trigeminal root entry zone is generally considered to be involved in the emergence and progression of the pain disorder.In addition,orofacial neuropathic pain restricted to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve might be secondary to peripheral nerve injury.Based on current hypotheses regarding the potential causes,a variety of animal models have been designed to simulate the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia,including models of compression applied to the trigeminal nerve root or trigeminal ganglion,chronic peripheral nerve injury,peripheral inflammatory pain and center-induced pain.However,it has not yet been possible to determine which model can be perfectly employed to explain the mechanisms.The selection of appropriate animal models is of great significance for the study of trigeminal neuralgia.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the characteristics of the animal models in terms of animal strains,materials,operation methods and behavior observation,in order to gain insight into the research progress in animal models of trigeminal neuralgia.In the future,animal models that closely resemble the features of human trigeminal neuralgia pathogenesis need to be developed,with the aim of making valuable contributions to the relevant basic and translational medical research.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-22 (IL-22)-regulated autophagy in hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced hepatocarcinoma cell damage. Methods HepG2 cells were transfected with pEGFP-LC3 and then cultured in RPMI 1640 medium free of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or containing 1％ or 10％ FBS. These cells were pretreated with rapamycin or an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and then stimulated with recombinat human IL-22 (rhIL-22). GFP-LC3 puncta formation and autophagy signaling ac-tivation were measured. MTT assay was performed to detect cell viability. Results rhIL-22 significantly promoted GFP-LC3 puncta formation and LC3-Ⅱ expression in HepG2 cells treated with different stimulation protocols. The autophagy pathway inhibitor, 3-MA, dramatically suppressed the rhIL-22-activated autophagy signals. rhIL-22 attenuated H2 O2-mediated HepG2 cell death and that could be inhibited by 3-MA. Conclu-sion IL-22 promoted the activation of autophagy signaling pathways and alleviated H2 O2-mediated HepG2 cell damage.

Objective:To investigate the anatomy of rectus femoris muscle flap and the anterolateral thigh muscle flap and their clinical application in reconstruction of large soft tissue defects after the removal of oral malignant tumour.Methods:From December 2006 to June 2009, 8 specimens of Chinese adult cadavers fixed in 10% formaldehyde were dissected to perform anatomy of anterolateral thigh region at the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University. Anatomical images were analysed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0. Then, a retrospective study was performed on 19 patients who had postoperative defects after oral malignant tumour surgery and the defects were reconstructed with the rectus femoris muscle flap and the anterolateral thigh muscle flap from March 2020 to July 2022 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Kunming Medical University. The postoperative defects of the 19 patients ranged from 3.0 cm×6.0 cm to 5.0 cm×10.0 cm. Ten rectus femoris muscle flaps, 8 anterolateral thigh muscle flaps and 1 combined rectus femoris muscle flap and anterolateral thigh muscle flap were used. The muscular flaps sized from 4.0 cm × 8.0 cm to 6.0 cm × 11.0 cm. Regular postoperative outpatient follow-ups were conducted.Results:The lengths of vessels of the harvested rectus femoris muscle flap and anterolateral thigh muscle flap were 63.4 mm± 12.9 mm and 112.5 mm± 19.6 mm, respectively. The starting outer diameters of the lateral circumflex thigh artery, the oblique branch of the lateral circumflex thigh artery and the descending branch of the lateral circumflex thigh artery were 2.92 mm±0.72 mm, 1.88 mm±0.23 mm and 2.29 mm±0.43 mm, respectively. Postoperative follow-up lasted for 7 to 32 months, with 17.5 months in average. Seventeen flaps were completely survived and the rectus femoris muscle flap was completely mucosalised 5 weeks after surgery. However, 2 rectus femoris muscle flaps had necrosis of which one was changed to a tongue flap reconstruction and the other encountered flap necrosis during postoperative radiotherapy and healed after debridement and dressing changes. There was no postoperative complication in the donor sites. Other than the 2 patients, all other 17 patients had satisfactory clinical outcomes.Conclusion:Both of the starting outer diameters and length of vessels of the femoris muscle flap and the anterolateral thigh muscle flap meet the requirements for reconstruction of maxillofacial defects, and both muscular flaps are simple to prepare, in good reconstructive results with few complication, as well as an excellent outcome. They are feasible approaches for reconstruction of large soft tissue defects left after the removal of an oral malignant tumour.