MicroRNA-506 (miRNA-506) is located in the X chromosome and influences various processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle, cell differentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, through post-transcriptional regulation of its targets. Recent studies have shown that miRNA-506 plays an important role in tumorigen-esis and progression of many types of tumors. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that miRNA-506 suppresses progression of sev-eral tumors and promotes response of tumor cells to chemotherapy. However, miRNA-506 plays different roles in different tumors. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of miRNA-506 in different tumors to identify a new target for the targeted ther-apy of certain tumors.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and operative methods of the ankle fracture combined with Tillaux-Chaput and Volkmann fractures.Methods The data of 15 patients who were suffered the ankle fracture combined with the simultaneous fractures of Tillaux-Chaput and Volkmann between Septenber 2005 and January 2012 were analyzed.There were 8 males and 7 females with an average age of 27.3 years (range,16-57 years).All had medial malleolar and fibular fracture with Tillaux-Chaput and Volkmann tubercle avulsed fracture.X-ray film shows that there were 8 cases in which the patients had Tillaux-Chaput fracture,among whom 7 were diagnosed by CT scan.Classified by Lauge-Hansen system,ankle fracture could be divided into pronation-exterual rotation type in 4 cases,and pronation-abduction type in 11 cases.The fracture of fibula and the Volkmann tubercle were treated through the posterolateral approach.The fibular fracture was fixed with plate.The medial malleolar fracture was explored from medial curve approach.Tillaux-Chaput fracture was treated by the mierotubule cut.All patients were assessed with the ankle hindfoot clinical rating system of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS).Results All patients were followed up for 8-20 months (average,12.5 months).The fracture healed 12-36 weeks later in all the 15 patients,with an average of 23.5 weeks.Twelve patients walked normally and 3 with mild claudication in the last follow-up.The AOFAS score was average 85.4 points,9 were excellent,4 were good,2were fair,with the good-excellent rate being 86.7％ (13/15).The movement of ankle joint limited in 3 patients,tenderness occurred when weight bearing in 3 patients.Conclusion The ankle fracture include the simultaneous fractures of Tillaux-Chaput and Volkmann were more seen in the type of pronation-abduction.It is often misdiagnosis by the photograph; CT scan should be helpful to find the fracture fragments.The exact reduction and stable fixation were needed in the treatment of the ankle fracture combined with Tillaux-Chaput and Volkmann fractures.Inferior tibia fibular screw was not routinely used in this fracture.

Objective To observe the mRNA expression levels of POT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of acquired aplastic anemia patients with different syndrome, and explore its relationship with acquired aplastic anemia and its TCM syndrome. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 52 cases with acquired aplastic anemia and 20 cases as control group were collected to detect mRNA expression of POT1 by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and its relation with TCM syndrome was analyzed. Results The expression levels of POT1 mRNA in patients with acquired aplastic anemia were lower significantly than control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of POT1 mRNA in patients with deficiency of kidney-yin were lower than patients with deficiency of kidney-yang, and it was lowest in patients with kidney deficiency of both yin and yang. There was significant correlation between the expression levels of POT1 mRNA and age (r=0.374, P=0.038). Conclusion The changes in expression levels of POT1 play a role in the pathogenesis of acquired aplastic anemia. There is correlation between mRNA expression level of POT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and TCM syndrome.

Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, bio-synthesis and cell death. Dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to many diseases. Mitochondrial proteomics provides important theoretical foundation for a systematic understanding of the biological functions of mitochondria, studying the mechanisms of mitochondria-related diseases, and promoting the research and development of mitochondria-targeting drugs. The methodologies, recent technology development, and characteristics and applications of mitochondrial proteomics were reviewed and the challenges and prospects were also discussed.

Objective: To investigate the mental health status and its influencing factors among guardians of patients with severe mental disorders, so as to provide the evidences for improving mental health services among guardians. Methods: The first guardians of patients with severe mental disorders registered and managed in Zhujing Township, Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality were enrolled. Participants' demographics, economic status, health status and relationships with patients were collected using self-designed questionnaires from January to June 2021. Participants' mental health was assessed with twelve-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and factors affecting guardians' mental health were identified with a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 650 questionnaires were allocated, and 606 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.23%. The participants included 356 men (58.75%), and had a mean age of (59.61±12.61) years. Among all participants, 256 were patients' spouse (42.24%), and 516 lived with patients (85.15%). The mean GHQ-12 score was (3.18±2.48), and there were 171 participants with mental health problems (28.22%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified educational level of junior high school and below (OR=2.715, 95%CI: 1.076-6.850), married (OR=0.374, 95%CI: 0.184-0.761), patients' parents (OR=0.303, 95%CI: 1.114-0.806), living with patients (OR=0.481, 95%CI: 0.237-0.974), having basic medical insurance for urban employees (OR=0.489, 95%CI: 0.254-0.942), receiving government subsidy (OR=3.788, 95%CI: 1.734-8.276), self-rated health status (good, OR=0.105, 95%CI: 0.037-0.299; average, OR=0.126, 95%CI: 0.049-0.325), considering that caring patients has an impact on family (OR=3.689, 95%CI: 1.807-7.531), being hopeful about the patient's future (OR=0.372, 95%CI: 0.139-0.994) and patients' need for accompanying/surrogate care (OR=1.606, 95%CI: 1.006-2.565) as factors affecting mental health among guardians of patients with severe mental disorders. Conclusion Mental health problems are found among 28.22% of guardians of patients with severe mental disorders, and the development of mental health problems is affected by educational level, economic status, health status and patient's need of caring.

AIM: To elucidate if the cytoprotective effects of IGF-1 and insulin on free fatty acid-treated pancreatic ? cells involve alteration in NF-?B activity.METHODS: Apoptosis was characterized by morphological analysis with invert microscope as well as Hoechst 33342 staining under a fluorescence microscope.Influence of co-incubation with free fatty acid(FFA) and IGF-1 or regular insulin(RI) on NF-?B activity were determined by Western blotting.Impacts of Bay-117082,which is NF-?B inhibitor,on cytoprotective effects of IGF-1 and RI were measured by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Apoptosis measured by flow cytometry was inhibited by IGF-1 and RI and semi-quantitative determination by Western blotting showed co-incubation with FFA and IGF-1 or RI caused more potent activation of NF-?B compared with incubation with FFA solely.Furthermore,flow cytometry showed suppression of NF-?B activity abolished the cytoprotective effects of IGF-1 and RI.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1 and regular insulin on FFA-treated RIN-m cells are mediated via NF-?B pathway.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)is a deadly infectious disease caused by SARS Coronavirus(SARS-CoV).Inactivated SARS-CoV has been explored as a vaccine against SARS-CoV.However,safe and potent adjuvants,especially with more efficient and economical needle-free vaccination are always needed more urgently in a pandemic.The development of a safe and effective mucosal adjuvant and vaccine for prevention of emergent infectious diseases such as SARS will be an important advancement.PIKA,a stabilized derivative of Poly(I:C),was previously reported to be safe and potent as adjuvant in mouse models.In the present study,we demonstrated that the intraperitoneal and intranasal co-administration of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine together with this improved Poly(I:C)derivative induced strong anti-SARS-CoV mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses with neutralizing activity against pseudotyped virus.Although intraperitoneal immunization of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine alone could induce a certain level of neutralizing activity in serum as well as in mucosal sites,co-administration of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine with PIKA as adjuvant could induce a much higher neutralizing activity.When intranasal immunization was used,PIKA was obligatorily for inducing neutralizing activity in serum as well as in mucosal sites and was correlated with both mucosal IgA and mucosal IgG response.Overall,PIKA could be a good mucosal adjuvant candidate for inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine for use in possible future pandemic.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma (ARMM), and to explore its prognostic factors and misdiagnosis. Methods:A total of 36 patients with ARMM were enrolled in this study from January 2000 to November 2016 in Nanfang Hospital, Zhujiang Hospital, and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results: The clinical manifestations of ARMM were not specific. The odds of misdiagnosis were as high as 52.8% in this study. The 1-and 3-year survival rates were 75%and 35%, respectively, with median survival time of 24.51 months. Survival rate was correlated with tumor size, invasion depth, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but was not related to patient age and gender. The median survival time of the three groups of patients (surgery alone, surgery-based combination therapy, untreated) were 39.21, 26, and 15 months. The difference was not statistically significant. No difference in survival was found between patients under-going abdominoperineal resection and wide local excision. Conclusion:ARMM has poor prognosis and is easily misdiagnosed as a ma-lignant tumor. The prognostic factors are tumor size, invasion depth, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis. Surgical treatment can extend survival. To avoid misdiagnosis and prolong survival, early diagnosis and early treatment are recommended.

Objective To explore the impact of high‐load atorvastatin on T cell subsets in patients with unstable angina (UA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods One hundred and eighty patients with UA were randomly divided into high‐load atorvastatin group ,ordinary‐load atorvastatin group and routine group ,60 cases in each group .The ratios of CD4+ T cell , CD8+ T cell and the frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg were detected in 3 groups 1 day before PCI and 1 week ,1 month and 6 months after PCI by flow cytometry analysis .Results Different doses of atorvastatin reduced the ratio of CD4+ T cells and in‐creased the ratio of CD8+ T cells and also the frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ Treg after PCI for 1 week ,1 month and 6 months .The longer the time to take atorvastatin ,the more obvious the effect was(P<0 .05) .The ratios of CD4+ ,CD8+ T cells and the frequen‐cies of CD4+CD25+ Treg after PCI for 1 month and 6 months in high‐load atorvastatin showed significant difference compared with those in ordinary‐load atorvastatin group and routine group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Atorvastatin could regulate the balance of T cell subsets in patients with UA ,and thus it may reduce the UA onset and the treatment effect of high‐load atorvastatin is more sig‐nificant .

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and value of quantitatively assessing left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) based on mathematical morphology algorithm.Methods SD rats model of MI were mede,then MCE were performed before MI and at 1,3 weeks after MI.In vitro study:based on the principle of binary morphology,segmentation of endocardium was acquired using dilation,erosion,closed operations and connected domain object tag-based.The automatic segmentation of endocardial contour was compared with the manual segmentation boundary.In vivo study:the left ventricular area was calculated using the software,and the area variation fraction (AVF),a new index of left ventricular systolic function,were acquired.The correlation between AVF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was analyzed.The value of AVF for diagnosis for left ventricular dysfunction was evaluated by ROC curve.Results ① The cross-correlation coefficient (CCC) and percent error (PE) between automatic contours and manual boundary were more than 0.90 and less than 9％,respectively.② AVF correlated positively with LVEF (r =0.934,P ＜ 0.001).③ ROC analyses showed the area under curves for AVF diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction was 0.834.The best cutoff value was 27.5 ％ for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction with the sensitivity of 85 ％ and specificity of 60 ％.Conclusions Left ventricular endocardium can be identificated automatically and rapidly by MCE based on mathematical morphology algorithm.AVF can assessed quantitatively left ventricular systolic function in rats with myocardial infarction.