ObjectiveTo understand the seropositivity of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and low-level NAb against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community residents, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the levels of NAb in human serum. MethodsOn the ground of surveillance cohort for acute infectious diseases in community populations in Shanghai, a proportional stratified sampling method was used to enroll the subjects at a 20% proportion for each age group (0‒14, 15‒24, 25‒59, and ≥60 years old). Blood samples collection and serum SARS-CoV-2 NAb concentration testing were conducted from March to April 2023. Low-level NAb were defined as below the 25^th percentile of NAb. ResultsA total of 2 230 participants were included, the positive rate of NAb was 97.58%, and the proportion of low-level NAb was 25.02% (558/2 230). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, infection history and vaccination status were correlated with low-level NAb (all P<0.05). Individuals aged 60 years and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. There was a statistically significant interaction between booster vaccination and one single infection (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.19‒0.77). Compared to individuals without vaccination, among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 once, both primary immunization (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.16‒0.35) and booster immunization (aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.08‒0.17) significantly reduced the risk of low-level NAb; among individuals without infections, only booster immunization (aOR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.14‒0.52) showed a negative correlation with the risk of low-level NAb. ConclusionsThe population aged 60 and above had the highest risk of low-level NAb. Regardless of infection history, a booster immunization could reduce the risk of low-level NAb. It is recommended that eligible individuals , especially the elderly, should get vaccinated in a timely manner to exert the protective role of NAb.

ObjectiveTo carry out an epidemiological analysis on an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection at a welfare institution to provide a theoretical basis for the corresponding prevention and control measures. MethodsUsing the method of field epidemiological investigation， special field treatment was carried out in September 2022. Serum samples from cases and close contacts in the same ward area were collected for detection of nine respiratory tract infection pathogens （Mycoplasma pneumoniae， chlamydia， influenza， human metapneumosis， respiratory syncytial， human boca， parainfluenza type 1‒4 virus， and Middle East respiratory syndrome， severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus） by immunofluorescence immunoglobulin M （IgM） antibody test. ResultsA total of 14 Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases were identified， all of whom were residents of the welfare institution. The first case occurred on September 4， while the last case was reported on September 13. The incidence rate of the fifth ward area where the first case reported was 12.82% （10/78）， and it was 3.57% （3/84） in the third ward area and 1.20% （1/83） in the first ward area. There was a significant difference in incidence rates between ward areas （χ²=8.90， P<0.05）， but no significant difference was observed in age distribution and length of hospitalization. Thirty-three samples were collected for detection of nine kinds of IgM antibodies against respiratory pathogens. The results showed that the Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody was weakly positive in the 14 cases. ConclusionBased on the epidemiological history， clinical symptoms and laboratory tests， it was concluded that it was an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection within the welfare institution. Welfare institutions should continue to control the occurrence and outbreak of infection through effective routine hygiene， ventilation， and disinfection so as to ensure the health and safety of their clients.

Objective: To under the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors in school aged children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate targeted policies. Methods: From July to August 2023, the researchers selected 333 children with cerebral palsy and 960 children with other diseases aged 6-18 years who were residents of a social welfare institution in Guangzhou, China. Their height and weight were measured and a nutritional status analysis was carried out using a cluster sampling method. Multivariate Logistic analysis was performed to analyze the relative factors and malnutrition status of school aged children with cerebral palsy. Results: The prevalence of growth retardation among school aged children with cerebral palsy was 74.5%, with rates of stunting, normal nutrition status, and overweight/obesity being 17.7%, 7.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the detection rate of malnutrition among school aged children with cerebral palsy based on gender, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) grading, and the presence of swallowing disorders ( χ 2=6.02, 15.23, 32.16, P <0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender ( OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.15-0.91), dysphagia (OR=4.10, 95%CI =1.39-12.12), and GMFCS classification ( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.04-3.01) were influencing factors of malnutrition ( P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of malnutrition among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in welfare institutions was found to be relatively high, and influenced by various factors. Corresponding nutritional interventions should be developed and implemented based on the risk factors of malnutrition in school aged children with cerebral palsy to improve their nutritional status.

BACKGROUND:Seed cells are seeded on three-dimensional scaffold materials,and three-dimensional culture in bioreactors is a common in vitro tissue engineering culture method,but the changes in cell proliferation and metabolic patterns in bioengineered blood vessel construction are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the metabolic changes of cells such as oxygen consumption and their causes during the whole process of biological vascular tissue construction by in vitro bioreactor. METHODS:The self-built vascular bioreactor system was used as the platform;bovine vascular smooth muscle cells were used as the seed cells,and a conventional CO2 incubator provided the external gas environment for the cultivation process.Seed cells were seeded on a tubular porous polyglycolic acid scaffold material for three-dimensional culture,and the whole process included a one-week resting period and a seven-week pulsating tensile stress stimulation loading period.A non-invasive monitoring system was built,and the optical dissolved oxygen patch method was used to monitor the changes of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution in the reactor,and the glucose consumption and lactic acid production were measured by regular sampling.CCK-8 assay was used to determine the proliferation of smooth muscle cells on polyglycolic acid three-dimensional scaffold materials.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state and reduction state ratio(NAD+/NADH)was utilized to understand cell proliferation and metabolism in the early stage of culture.RT-qPCR and western blot assay were applied to detect the expression of proliferation-related genes(Ki67)and glycolysis-related genes(GLUT-1,LDHA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The dissolved oxygen level in the culture solution was(4.314±0.380)mg/L from the cell injection to the end of the resting period(the first week),and gradually stabilized at(1.960±0.866)mg/L after the tensile stress stimulation(the last seven weeks);the two had significant changes(P<0.05).(2)The ratio of glucose consumption to lactic acid production in the cell culture medium YL/G increased rapidly after the cells were injected,and the highest value was above 1 on the fifth day,and then slow down to 0.5(The mean value of YL/G in the resting period was 0.89 and the mean value in the pressurized period was 0.57,P<0.05).(3)CCK-8 assay results showed that A450 value gradually increased after the cells were injected,and reached the highest value on the fifth day,reaching 3.17,and then slowly decreased.At the same time,it was found that Ki67 mRNA was up-regulated on the third day of culture,and then declined.The expression level of Ki67 protein was higher from the third day to the fifth day.(4)The detection of NAD+/NADH showed that the increase was obvious from the fifth to the seventh day after the injection of cells,and the expression of glycolysis-related genes(GLUT-1 and LDHA)was up-regulated and changed synchronously,and the relative expression was higher in the first five days.(5)The results showed that the tissue-engineered blood vessels were constructed using the vascular bioreactor and the smooth muscle cells in the early stage mainly proliferated and exhibited a metabolic feature of low oxygen consumption.The metabolic characteristics of high oxygen consumption were observed during the pulsatile tensile stress stimulation stage.

BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disc degeneration is an important cause of low back pain.At present,there are many modeling methods for disc degeneration in China and abroad,but there is not a model for low back pain due to disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of mechanical puncture combined with tumor necrosis factor α and complete Freund's adjuvant with a conventional disc mechanical puncture alone. METHODS:A total of 18 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 animals in each group.No treatment was given in the blank group.Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration were made in the L4-5 segments of rats in the control using conventional mechanical puncture.In the experimental group,on the basis of mechanical puncture,tumor necrosis factor α+complete Freund's adjuvant was injected into the L4-5 intervertebral discs using a microinjector to establish a model of disc degeneration induced by mechanical puncture combined with inflammatory factors.Four weeks after surgery,the pain threshold of rats was measured by the hot plate method for assessing the perception of heat injury in rats with intervertebral disc degeneration.MRI examination was performed to observe the disc degeneration in each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,interleukin 6 and prostaglandin E2.Hematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O-fast green staining were used to observe the morphological changes of the disc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In terms of pain,the behavioral pain threshold of the experimental group was continuously decreased,and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were significantly higher compared with the control group.In terms of morphology,the MRI results showed that the L4-5 nucleus pulposus signal completely disappeared in the experimental group.Histopathological results showed that in the control group,the nucleus pulposus was intact,more notochord cells were visible,and some fiber rings were ruptured,while in the experimental group,there are fewer notochord cells and the structure of the nucleus pulposus and fibrous ring is disturbed,with the boundary disappearing.To conclude,mechanical puncture combined with tumor necrosis factor alpha and complete Freund's adjuvant can successfully establish a discogenic low back pain model in rats.This operation is simple and economical to achieve obvious disc degeneration and low back pain,with greatly shortened molding cycle.This model can be used as a reference for studying discogenic low back pain models.

The incidence and mortality rate of heart failure (HF) are increasing annually, resulting in a huge medical and economic burden worldwide. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is the gold standard biomarker of HF recommended by national and international guidelines for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of HF. Recent studies suggest that BNP can be truncated in multiple forms by different enzymes rather than complete fragments in circulation, which can be contributing to the diagnosis and classification of HF. The immunoassay mostly used in clinics are unable to distinguish different truncated BNP forms due to cross-reactivity of antibody, while mass spectrometry is more accurate because it can easily distinguish through their mass-to-charge ratios. With the maturation of ambient ionization mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry, it can help to simplify sample pre-treatment and improve the separation efficiency, in order to explore the clinical value of the heterogeneity of BNP truncated forms.

Objective:To explore the brain activation intensity changes of depressed patients in the phase of expected value (EV), positive prediction error (+ PE) and negative prediction error (-PE) under uncertain (risky, ambiguous) decision-making.Methods:From July 2018 to February 2021, a total of 48 depressed patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were collected (depression group), and 69 sex-, age-, and educational level-matched healthy people were recruited as the control group. All participants completed risky and ambiguous decision-making tasks under the E-Prime system.SA-9800 brain functional audio-visual stimulation system and GE3.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners were used to conduct synchronous scanning and data acquisition. Using Xjview software to analyze the activation intensity of related brain areas to compare the activity intensity of the two groups.SPSS 16.0 software was used for chi square test, independent sample t-test. Results:Under risky decision-making, compared with the control group, the brain areas with reduced activation during EV phase in depression group were bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC)(MNI coordinate: left x=-45, y=21, z=-6; right x=0, y=69, z=-3), left para hippocampal gyrus(PHG)(MNI coordinate: x=-9, y=0, z=-22), bilateral occipital lobe(OL)(MNI coordinate: left x=-51, y=-81, z=-3; right x=48, y=-84, z=-9)( P<0.05). The brain areas with reduced activation during + PE phase were bilateral PFC, left hippocampus (HIP), bilateral temporal lobe (TL), left middle occipital gyrus( P<0.05). The brain areas with reduced activation were bilateral PFC, right putamen, bilateral TL( P<0.05) during -PE phase. Under ambiguous decision-making, compared with the control group, the brain areas with reduced activation during EV phase in depression group were bilateral PFC, right OL( P<0.05); the brain areas with reduced activation during + PE phase were bilateral PFC, right putamen and hippocampus, bilateral TL, bilateral OL( P<0.05); and the brain areas with reduced activation were bilateral PFC, bilateral TL( P<0.05) during -PE phase. Conclusion:The study shows that the activities of reward brain areas such as PFC, limbic system and OL system are reduced during EV and PE phase under uncertain decision-making in depressed patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of HTD4010 against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced septic cardiomyopathy(SCM)in mice and explore the mechanisms mediating its effect.Methods Forty-five male ICR mice were randomized equally into control group,LPS(10 mg/kg)group,and LPS+HTD4010 group(in which 2.5 mg/kg HTD4010 was injected subcutaneously at 1 h and 6 h after LPS injection).Cardiac function of the mice was evaluated by ultrasound,and pathological changes in the myocardial tissues were observed with HE staining.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and myocardial tissues were detected using ELISA,and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was detected with TUNEL staining.The expression levels of the key proteins associated with apoptosis,autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the myocardial tissues were detected using Western blotting.The ultrastructural changes of cardiac myocardial mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results LPS exposure caused severe myocardial damage in mice,characterized by myocardial fiber rupture,structural disorder,inflammatory cell infiltration,and mitochondrial damage.The LPS-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased cardiac LVEF and FS values,elevated IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in serum and myocardial tissue,and an increased myocardial cell apoptosis rate with enhanced expressions of Bax,p-62 and p-mTOR and lowered expressions of Bcl-2,LC3 Ⅱ/I,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK(P<0.05 or 0.01).Treatment of the septic mice with HTD4010 significantly alleviated myocardial damage,increased LVEF and FS values,reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and myocardial tissue,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,lowered myocardial expressions of Bax,p-62 and p-mTOR,and increased Bcl-2,LC3 Ⅱ/I,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK expressions(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion HTD4010 can attenuate myocardial injury in SCM mice possibly by promoting autophagy via modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the current status and potential subtypes of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia,and to analyze the related influencing factors of different subtypes.Methods Dementia patients and their family caregivers in 8 community health service centers in Shanghai from June to October 2023 were recruited by convenience sampling.General information questionnaire,Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview(ZBI),and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)were conducted for investigation.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential subtypes of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia.The influencing factors associated with the potential subtypes were identified by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 470 family caregivers of patients with dementia were surveyed,and 46.17％of them suffered from frailty.Frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia can be classified into 3 potential subtypes:comprehensive-low frailty subtype(70.64％),psychosocial-medium frailty subtype(19.57％),and physical-high frailty subtype(9.79％).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had poor sleep quality and suffered from 2 or more chronic diseases were more likely to be classified into the physical-high frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had higher levels of depression,lower mastery levels of caregiving knowledge and skills and spousal caregivers were more likely to be classified into the psychosocial-medium frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Family caregivers of patients with dementia who had higher levels of resilience were more likely to be classified into the comprehensive-low frailty subtype(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of frailty among family caregivers of patients with dementia is at a high level with significant heterogeneity.It is suggested that medical staff should pay attention to the frailty of family caregivers,with a focus on family caregivers in the psychosocial-medium frailty subtype or physical-high frailty subtype,and take timely and targeted interventions according to the characteristics and influencing factors of different subtypes,so as to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of frailty.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of HTD4010 against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced septic cardiomyopathy(SCM)in mice and explore the mechanisms mediating its effect.Methods Forty-five male ICR mice were randomized equally into control group,LPS(10 mg/kg)group,and LPS+HTD4010 group(in which 2.5 mg/kg HTD4010 was injected subcutaneously at 1 h and 6 h after LPS injection).Cardiac function of the mice was evaluated by ultrasound,and pathological changes in the myocardial tissues were observed with HE staining.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and myocardial tissues were detected using ELISA,and apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was detected with TUNEL staining.The expression levels of the key proteins associated with apoptosis,autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the myocardial tissues were detected using Western blotting.The ultrastructural changes of cardiac myocardial mitochondria was observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results LPS exposure caused severe myocardial damage in mice,characterized by myocardial fiber rupture,structural disorder,inflammatory cell infiltration,and mitochondrial damage.The LPS-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased cardiac LVEF and FS values,elevated IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in serum and myocardial tissue,and an increased myocardial cell apoptosis rate with enhanced expressions of Bax,p-62 and p-mTOR and lowered expressions of Bcl-2,LC3 Ⅱ/I,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK(P<0.05 or 0.01).Treatment of the septic mice with HTD4010 significantly alleviated myocardial damage,increased LVEF and FS values,reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and myocardial tissue,decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis,lowered myocardial expressions of Bax,p-62 and p-mTOR,and increased Bcl-2,LC3 Ⅱ/I,Beclin-1 and p-AMPK expressions(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion HTD4010 can attenuate myocardial injury in SCM mice possibly by promoting autophagy via modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.