Objective:To explore the mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) regulating pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods:Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) groups: control group, PH group, PH+BMP-2 group, PH+BMP-2+ small interfering BMP receptor(si-BMPR)-Ⅰa group, PH+BMP-2+ si-BMPR-Ⅰb group, PH+BMP -2+si-BMPR-Ⅱ group. In vitro PH model was induced by hypoxia. The three BMP-2 receptors were silenced by the transfection of si-BMPR-Ⅰa, si-BMPR-Ⅰb and si-BMPR-Ⅱ plasmids, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in each group were detected, transient receptor potential ion channel C1/6 (TRPC1/6), p21 mRNA and protein levels, and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration were detected. Results:The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the PH group was higher than that in the control group: (785.15 ± 44.26) nmol/L vs. (224.15 ± 15.87) nmol/L, the and apoptosis rate was lower than that in the control group: (3.15 ± 0.22)% vs. (7.31 ± 0.45)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the PH+BMP-2 group was (297.64 ± 21.46) nmol/L, and was lower than that in the PH group, and apoptosis rate was (6.88 ± 0.75)%, and was higher than that in the PH group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the PH+BMP-2+si-BMPR-Ⅰa group, PH+BMP-2+ si-BMPR-Ⅰb group, PH+BMP -2+si-BMPR-Ⅱ group was (412.31 ± 29.57), (384.34 ± 30.66), (695.23 ± 39.85) nmol/L, and was higher than that in the PH+BMP-2 group, and apoptosis rate was (4.10 ± 0.27)%, (4.26 ± 0.28)%, (3.33 ± 0.24)%, and was lower than that in the PH+BMP-2 group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the PH+BMP -2+si-BMPR-Ⅱ group was higher than that in the PH+BMP-2+si-BMPR-Ⅰa group and PH+BMP-2+ si-BMPR-Ⅰb group, the apoptosis rate was lower than that in the PH+BMP-2+si-BMPR-Ⅰa group and PH+BMP-2+ si-BMPR-Ⅰb group, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:BMP-2 mainly inhibits the expression of TRPC1/6 by interacting with the receptor BMPR-Ⅱ, inhibits the influx of Ca 2+ and promotes the expression of p21, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PASMC and promoting apoptosis, participating in pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.

Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of researches related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnor-malities in children and adolescents. Methods Articles related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnormalities in children and adolescents were re-trieved from CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection,from January,2014 to December,2023.The literatures were analyzed wtih CiteSapce 6.2.R3 in terms of disciplines,countries,institutes and keywords. Results A total of 233 articles were retrived,including 71 articles in Chinese and 162 articles in English.The annual pub-lication volume was on the rise.China was the country with the highest number of publications.South Korea was seen a sudden increase in recent literature.For Chinese,the institutions with the largest number of publication were the Department of Health and Exercise Science in Tianjin University of Sport and Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital).While the institutions with the largest number of publication in English were Marmara University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University.The English literatures covered a wide range of disciplines,including clinical medicine,sports medicine,neurolo-gy and psychology.Common high-frequency keywords in both Chinese and English literatures were idiopathic scoliosis,Cobb's angle and Schroth exercise.The latest bursting words included physical health in Chinese,and health-related quality of life and respiratory muscle strength in English. Conclusion The research popularity related to exercise intervention for spinal curvature abnormality in children and ado-lescents is generally on the rise.The research hotspots focus on four main areas:disease,quality of life,research advances and clinical treatment.More attention should be paid to the effect and dosage of exercise intervention on the respiratory function,as well as the effect of Chinese medicine exercise therapy on pediatric patients with abnormal spinal curvature diseases.Future work should focus on constructing an evidence-based Chinese/West-ern medicine exercise prevention and treatment system in the context of China's national conditions,advancing high-quality randomized controlled trials,strengthening interdisciplinary and international collaborations,and fo-cusing on the development and evaluation of personalized exercise intervention programs.