OBJECTIVETo investigate the acquaintance to orthodontics and possible factors that obstruct orthodontic treatment in middle school students in zones with different economic levels in Jiangjin, Chongqing.

METHODSThe students were randomly divided into four groups: A class from a junior high school in town (group 1), a class from a senior high school in town (group 2), a class from a junior high school in the countryside (group 3), a class from a senior high school in the countryside (group 4). The information was collected by questionnaire, and the statistical analysis of results was carried out by SPSS 17.0 software.

RESULTSSex made difference in the acquaintance to orthodontics treatment. Girls worried more about teeth extraction and pain that may occur during treatment than the boys. Students in the city had more access to related consultations compared to those in the countryside. Different economic conditions made much contribution to the proportion to go for orthodontics treatment in cities and rural areas. The evaluation from families and friends may affect patients' subjective estimation to themselves.

CONCLUSIONOrthodontists should learn more about student patiens from various aspects, and make different therapies according to their sexes, economic conditions of family, education levels, etc. Only so can orthodontists get better compliance from their patients.

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Students

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agent of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in infant.Clinical studies find that EV71 infection can cause a variety of clinical manifestations,from mild HFMD to fatal neurogenic pulmonary edema and even death,but the reasons remain unclear.The capsid protein VP1 of EV71 plays a key role in the processes of viral recognizing,binding and entering into the targeted cells and viral particles assembling.VP1 variation is a major determinant to EV71 fitness and immunogenicity.This study reviews the research progress of the structure,functions and associated antiviral vaccines and drugs of VP1,which further provides a theoretical basis for developing new and more effective antiviral vaccine and drugs.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of a guided resin cementation technique on vertical food impaction symptoms and to provide a new method for the treatment of vertical food impaction. Methods : Treatment of 76 patients with vertical food impaction with guided resin cementation was performed. A specially fabricated contact shaping wire was used to aid the shaping of the contact. Cementation was applied under a rubber dam with the total-etch technique with flowable composite resin. Patient subjective perception was recorded after treatment (i.e., “totally relieved”=3, “significantly improved”=2, “slightly improved”=1 and “no change”=0). Follow-up visits lasted for one year. Scores of 1 to 3 were recorded as effective. The efficiency rates at different times were calculated. Results: Patient subjective perceptions scored 2.47, 2.21, 1.79, 1.30 and 0.97 on the day immediately after and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, respectively. There were significant differences among scores at each time point (P<0.01). The Efficacy rate reached 91.78% immediately after treatment and was sustained above 50% within half a year. Management of resin debonding or fracture successfully relieved the symptoms again. Conclusion The guided resin cementation technique relieves vertical food impaction symptoms immediately, and the effect of the guided resin cementation technique is maintained for a short period of time. Management of resin debonding or fracture helps consolidate treatment outcomes.