Bariatric and metabolic surgery has been in China for more than 30 years, which has developed rapidly. However, it can be predicted that there will be many opportunities and challenges in the future development of bariatric and metabolic surgery, including the replacement of classic surgical methods, the guarantee of surgical safety, the brave exploration of new surgical methods, the decisive abandonment of bad surgical methods, the implementation of surgical standardization, and the breakthrough of basic and clinical research all mean more efforts. With the continuous rise of the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome and the continuous improvement of people′s health needs, these opportunities and challenges are particularly significant. Bariatric and metabolic surgery will also play a crucial role in overcoming obesity and metabolic diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of sunitinib-liposome-loaded microbubbles on renal carcinoma cell strain.Methods GRC-1 cell strain was cultured in vitro,and was divided into 6 groups:blank control group,pure microbubbles group,pure lipsomes group,sunitinib group,sunitinib-liposome-loaded microbubbles without ultrasound treat group,sunitinib liposome-loaded microbubbles with ultrasound treat group.Growth inhibition in different groups was observed at different time with MTT assay,apoptosis induction with Sigma-FlTC technology and transmission electron microscope.Results The growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion of GRC-1 cell were significantly increased in sunitinib-liposome-loaded microbubbles with ultrasound treat group compared to the other groups.Conclusions Microbubble guided sunitinih delivery can increase the effect of the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of GRC-1 cells,which may provide an more effective approach for cancer treatment.

Analysis of the layout and proportion of classic and innovative surgical procedures of bariatric and metabolic surgery throughout the world, the sleeve gastrectomy is beco-ming the most accepted and respected surgical procedure with its increasingly prominent advan-tages, and its operation number has even exceeded the "gold standard" surgery of the roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This trend is even more pronounced in China. With a small number of physicians lacking experience in gastrointestinal surgery and more and more young physicians joining in the field of bariatric and metabolic surgery, operation related complications and the consequences of insufficient perioperative management experience have occurred successively in clinical practice, such as gastrointestinal leakage, bleeding, lumen and anastomotic stenosis, internal hernia and obstruction, venous thromboembolism, etc. Bariatric and metabolic surgery is a branch of gastro-intestinal surgery, and physicians in the field should have the ability to prevent, predict and manage short- and long-term complications after surgery. The authors believe that through the comprehen-sive evaluation of laboratory indexes, patient signs and related examinations, physicians should have the basic qualities of decisively choosing the surgical timing, choosing the right decision-making, and taking effective measures.

Bariatric and metabolic surgery originated in the 1950s. After continuous verifications and improvements by bariatric and metabolic surgeons all over the world, bariatric surgery has been recognized as the 'gold standard’ for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity. In the development of more than half a century, bariatric and metabolic surgery have formed a variety of classic surgical methods. At the same time, the new methods of bariatric surgery are emerging. Among them, the additional surgery based on sleeve gastrectomy has become a research hotspot. In the process of clinical applications of various new bariatric surgery methods, bariatric and metabolic surgeons should be objective, accurate, realistic, and move forward on the basis of criticizing and absorbing. The authors investigate the influence of new surgical methods on the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery.

In more than half a century of the development of bariatric metabolic surgery, a variety of classic surgical methods have been formulated. However, the improvement and innovation of bariatric metabolic surgery has never stopped. The replacement of new and old surgical methods in clinical application and development reflects the vitality and progress in the field of bariatric metabolic surgery, and also promotes the development of bariatric metabolic surgery to the best balance between benefits and risks. In the early stages, studies in metabolic surgery are more inclined to confirm the efficacy, safety and mechanism of classical procedures. In recent years, metabolic surgeons around the world have become more inclined to focus on the exploration and innovation of new procedures. In addition, the improvement of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and the sleeve gastrectomy plus procedures have gradually become hot spots for surgical innovation. However, the new techniques are diverse, scattered and partially overlapping. The authors make a comment on this content, in order to provide assistance to clinical and scientific research.

Recently, the number of severe obesity in China has now ranked first in the world. The amount of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China is increasing year by year, and has made rapid development. As more and more new hospitals, surgical teams, and physicians join the field of metabolic and bariatric surgery, suboptimal operations and managements will inevitably accompany, causing problems and hidden dangers related to bariatric surgery. To a certain extent, this is in line with the law of development, but it does not mean that we can leave it alone and let it develop. In order to ensure the sustainable, healthy and orderly development of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China in the future, the standardized construction and quality improvement have become an urgent task. This paper reviews the current status of standardized construction of metabolic and bariatric surgery at home and abroad, the necessities and paths to quality improvement of standardized construction of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China, in order to put forward some thoughts and arouse extensive discussions for the development of the subject.

Recently, the number of severe obesity in China has now ranked first in the world. The amount of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China is increasing year by year, and has made rapid development. As more and more new hospitals, surgical teams, and physicians join the field of metabolic and bariatric surgery, suboptimal operations and managements will inevitably accompany, causing problems and hidden dangers related to bariatric surgery. To a certain extent, this is in line with the law of development, but it does not mean that we can leave it alone and let it develop. In order to ensure the sustainable, healthy and orderly development of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China in the future, the standardized construction and quality improvement have become an urgent task. This paper reviews the current status of standardized construction of metabolic and bariatric surgery at home and abroad, the necessities and paths to quality improvement of standardized construction of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China, in order to put forward some thoughts and arouse extensive discussions for the development of the subject.

Objective:To detective the cut-off values of amino acid levels in premature infants in Sichuan.Methods:Data of newborns screening for inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) by tandem mass spectrometry in Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into premature infant group ( n=2 264, 1 312 males and 952 females) and full-term infant group ( n=53 275, 28 269 males and 25 006 females). The cut-off values of amino acids in dry blood spots were expressed as percentage ( P0.5 - P99.5), and rank sum test was used for comparison between preterm and full-term infants. Results:(1) The distribution of 11 amino acids [alanine (ALA), arginine (ARG), citrulline (CIT), glycine(GLY), leucine (LEU), methionine (MET), ornithine (ORN), phenylalanine (PHE), proline (PRO), tyrosine (TYR) and valine (VAL)] in premature infants were abnormal.(2) The cut-off values of amino acids in premature infants were as follows: ALA: 135.20-552.33 μmol/L, ARG: 1.34-47.04 μmol/L, CIT: 5.66-32.02 μmol/L, GLY: 181.48-909.93 μmol/L, LEU : 71.10-283.29 μmol/L, MET: 4.21-34.51 μmol/L, ORN: 40.58-293.76 μmol/L, PHE: 23.60-106.30 μmol/L, PRO: 77.76-358.24 μmol/L, TYR: 27.52-352.91 μmol/L, VAL: 53.74-228.37 μmol/L.(3) The cut-off values of amino acid in full-term infants were as follows: ALA: 135.20-552.33 μmol/L, ARG: 1.30-42.73 μmol/L, CIT: 5.92-30.35 μmol/L, GLY: 208.17-980.09 μmol/L, LEU: 72.91-287.49 μmol/L, MET: 4.27-33.90 μmol/L, ORN: 48.40-305.59 μmol/L, PHE: 27.63-92.27 μmol/L, PRO: 97.38-372.75 μmol/L, TYR: 40.19-276.54 μmol/L, VAL: 65.75-237.92 μmol/L.(4) Except for PHE ( Z=-0.58, P>0.05), the other indicators were significantly different between 2 groups [ALA ( Z=-15.32, P<0.05), ARG ( Z=-5.62, P<0.05), CIT ( Z=-5.86, P<0.05), GLY ( Z=-14.52, P<0.05), LEU ( Z=-5.62, P<0.05), MET ( Z=-5.22, P<0.05), ORN ( Z=-13.01, P<0.05), PRO ( Z=-22.09, P<0.05), TRY ( Z=-2.09, P<0.05), VAL ( Z=-17.82, P<0.05)]. Conclusions:The establishment of the cut-off values of amino acids in premature infants in Sichuan provides a theoretical basis for laboratory diagnosis of IMD screening, which enhances the accuracy of diagnosis and avoids excessive medical treatment.

Objective:The results of the three lipid detection systems were compared to analyze their influence on risk stratification and clinical treatment in lipid management, especially the target goal cut-off point determination, and to find ways to reduce the impact on target goal determination of various lipid measurement system.Methods:A total of 196 serum samples with triglyceride TG <4.5 mmol/L were collected from people undergoing physical examinations and in-patients in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August to October 2022. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were directly detected with Hitachi-Woke (HW), Roche and Mindray detection systems, respectively. The non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non HDL-C) was calculated by formula (TC-HDL-C) and LDL-C (F-LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald formula, and results from various methodology were compared. The coefficient of variation ( CV) of these six indicators derived from the three detection systems were calculated to evaluate the consistency of the obtained results from different venders. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient was analyzed to evaluate the correlation of each indicator among different systems. According to the Chinese Guidelines for Blood Lipid Management, samples were divided into groups with LDL-C levels of <1.4, 1.4-<1.8, 1.8-<2.6, 2.6-<3.4 and ≥3.4 mmol/L according to the recommended LDL-C levels for different risk stratification levels. The sample size and percentage of LDL-C test results from different systems in the same group were counted to evaluate the impact of LDL-C differences between systems on clinical decision-making of blood lipid management. The correction factor was calculated through two methods: (1) The average deviation of LDL-C between systems was estimated by EP9-A3 method; (2) Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to establish the regression model of LDL-C difference and related indexes between systems. The two correction factors were used to correct the deviation of LDL-C value obtained from various systems, and Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of LDL-C grouping consistency rate before and after correction. Result:The average CV values of TG, TC, LDL-C, F-LDL-C, HDL-C, and non HDL-C among the three detection systems were 4.84%, 1.92%, 11.96%, 3.81%, 5.82% and 2.61%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that when comparing the three systems in pairs, except for LDL-C derived from HW and Roche′s, and Mindray and Roche′s LDL-C ( R 2=0.938 and 0.947), the R 2 of other indicators were all greater than 0.97. The consistency rates of the three systems on LDL-C and F-LDL-C were 51.0% (100/196) and 90.8% (178/196), respectively, according to the risk stratification standard values and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). When comparing in pairs, the consistency rates of Roche and HW, Mindray and HW, Mindray and Roche system LDL-C grouping were 60.7% (119/196), 82.7% (162/196), and 54.1% (106/196), respectively. After adjusting for mean deviation, the group consistency rate of Roche and HW increased to 73.7%-79.4% ( P<0.05), and the group consistency rate of Roche and Mindray increased to 72.3%-79.0% ( P<0.05). After adjusting for difference regression model, the group consistency rate of Roche and HW increased to 82.5%-84.0%, and the group consistency rate of Roche and Mindray increased to 81.0%-89.2%. However, there was no significant change in the group consistency rate of Mindray and HW after adjusting for both correction methods ( P>0.05) .Conclusions:There are significant differences in LDL-C derived from different detection systems, and the consistency rate of grouping according to the lipid-lowering standard value is relatively low, which may affect clinical decision-making in lipid management. Adjusted by the correction factor, the consistency rate of grouping between Roche and HW, Roche and Mindray systems with large differences in LDL-C can be improved. Using the difference multiple linear regression model as a correction factor is superior to the average deviation.

Objective:To explore the change characteristics of amino acid levels in neonates, so as to provide theoretical basis for accurate clinical interpretation.Methods:By preliminary screening and diagnosis from 32 855 newborns, 32 843 samples were collected using tandem mass spectrometry to inherited metabolic disease (IMD) scree-ning in Sichuan Province from January to December 2018.Afterwards, according to gestational age (1 363 premature infants, 31 468 full-term infants and 12 overdue infants), blood collection time (3-7 days old, 3 095 cases, 8-28 days old, 1 637 cases, and more than 28 days old, 248 cases) and season (7 737 cases in the first quarter, 11 428 cases in the second quarter, 5 482 cases in the third quarter, and 8 196 cases in the fourth quarter), neonates were divided into different study groups.The difference of amino acid level in each group was compared, and the correlation between various influencing factors and metabolic index was analyzed.Results:(1) The distribution of 11 amino acids [alanine(ALA), arginine(ARG), citrulline(CIT), glycine(GLY), leucine+ isoleucine+ hydroxyproline (LEU+ ILE+ PRO-OH), methionine(MET), ornithine(ORN), phenylalanine(PHE), proline(PRO), tyrosine(TYR), and valine(VAL)] in neonates showed non-normally distribution.(2)The distribution of 11 amino acids in different gestational age were tested by nonparametric test, except for PHE( H=0.61, P>0.05)and TYR( H=2.02, P>0.05), and other indicators were significantly different [ALA( H=187.11, P<0.05), ARG( H=23.60, P<0.05), CIT( H=22.90, P<0.05), GLY( H=85.18, P<0.05), LEU( H=56.42, P<0.05), MET( H=18.74, P<0.05), ORN( H=129.27, P<0.05), PRO( H=344.40, P<0.05), and VAL( H=272.92, P<0.05)]. (3) The distribution of 11 amino acids in different blood collection time were significantly different [ALA( H=65.19, P<0.05), ARG( H=404.48, P<0.05), CIT( H=502.13, P<0.05), GLY( H=1 719.44, P<0.05), LEU( H=396.41, P<0.05), MET( H=199.39, P<0.05), ORN( H=31.26, P<0.05), PHE( H=325.49, P<0.05), PRO( H=70.09, P<0.05), TYR( H=159.29, P<0.05), and VAL( H=102.52, P<0.05)]. (4) The distribution of 11 amino acids in different birth seasons were significantly different [ALA( H=401.37, P<0.05), ARG( H=3 229.03, P<0.05), CIT( H=65.45, P<0.05), GLY( H=597.82, P<0.05), LEU( H=1 120.42, P<0.05), MET( H=10 515.18, P<0.05), ORN( H=1 275.23, P<0.05), PHE( H=2 260.17, P<0.05), PRO( H=319.57, P<0.05), TYR( H=884.37, P<0.05), and VAL( H=1 824.49, P<0.05)]. Conclusion:According to different gestational age, season and blood collection time, the metabolism of amino acids in neonates was different.When using tandem mass spectrometry for detection, appropriate interpretation criteria should be selected based on different conditions.