China faces opportunities and challenges as well when it participates in global environment and health governance. Major opportunities are as follows:(1) The convergence between global environment and health governance’s future trend and China’s environment and health strategies is a strongest incentive to push China to par-ticipate in global environment and health governance;(2) China can benefit from this participation in term of more access to international resources; ( 3 ) Global environmental and health issues are the areas that can best illustrate China’s international image as a responsible member; ( 4 ) Since global environmental and health governance is still young, early participation will give China a louder voice in its decision-making. The challenges that China faces are as follows:(1) Huge pressure from domestic environment and health challenges forces China to be primarily inward-looking and makes it very hard for the country to keep a high profile in global environment and health governance. China also faces the increasing international pressure. ( 2 ) The lack of global environment and health governance strategy prevents China from effectively participating in global environment and health governance. (3)“The Grand Health Outlook”hasn’t been fully established yet in China, leaving much room for improvement. (4) Intellectual sup-port is inadequate. (5) Some countries have too high expectations of China in terms of its contribution to global envi-ronmental and health governance. In order to effectively participate in this field, China should undertake coordinated planning on both the international and domestic scenes, and take some specific policies both at national and interna-tional level.

Objective To investigate the effect of ropivacaine preconditioning on the toxicity of ropivacaine to ND7/23 cells.Methods ND7/23 cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium at 37℃ in 5% CO2 incubator for 24 h at a concentration of 1 × 106/ml. The cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 3 each) ;control group (group C), ropivacaine group (group R) and ropivacaine preconditioning group (group RP). In group R, the cells were exposed to 1% ropivacaine 100 μl and incubated for 1 h. In group RP, the cells were exposed to 0.02% ropivacaine 100 μl for 15 min, after ropivacaine was washed out, 1% ropivacaine 100 μl was then added and the cells were incubated for 1 h. The cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assay and apoptosis using Annexin-V/PI staining.Results Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, while the early apoptotic rate and late apoptotic rate were significantly increased in groups R and RP ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group R, the cell viability was significantly increased, while the early apoptotic rate and late apoptotic rate were significantly decreased in group RP (P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Ropivacaine preconditioning can protect ND7/23 cells from bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity through inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the effect of management mode of correspondence of potencyscale on impro-ving the nurses′job satisfaction and patient satisfaction in the department of neurology and analyze the medical eth-ics. Methods:We selected 37 nurses in the department of neurology. From July 2013 to March 2014, they were provided with the traditional management mode, whereas from March 2014 to June 2015 with management mode of correspondence of potencyscale. The questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the job satisfaction of nurses and the satisfaction degree of patients. Results:After the implementation of management mode of correspondence of potencyscale, the research indexes were significantly higher than before. Conclusion:The management mode of correspondence of potencyscale can improve the nursing staff′s work enthusiasm, patient satisfaction, and the quali-ty of care. Meanwhile, it is the specific practice of nursing ethics.

This paper introduces and analyzes the changes of scientific understanding in the linkage of global envi-ronment and health from historical and environment perspective, emphasizing on the fact that:the environmental issue im-pacts on human health are attracting an increased attention and emphasis from the international community;the existing re-search has fully proved a clear causal relationship between environmental issues which constitute one of the major factors that lead to a variety of human diseases and human health risks;the environmental issues effects on health quantified at the global level are the highlights and difficulties in the related research, differences in the current research methods and con-clusions exist internationally, but quantitative research is popular; the integration perspective of the existing scientific knowledge and global policy is a huge challenge placed in front of the global environment and health governance.

The incidence of pediatric adenoid hypertrophy increases year by year. However, the treatment methods are limited. By now TCM treatment has showed significant clinical efficacy in treating pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. And phlegm could be one of the main pathogenic factors. By collecting relevant literature about TCM treatment for pediatric adenoid hypertrophy, this article summarized the thoughts of treating from phlegm based on the collection and analysis of classification of syndrome and treatment methods guided by the thoughts of treating from phlegm.

Objective To study the effect of pravastatin on the patients with chronic renal failure(CRF)and normal blood lipid. Methods 48 cases of CRF patients with normal blood lipid were randomly divided into two groups. 26 patients of group 1 were given pravastatin besides basic treatment. 22 patients of group 2 were only given basic treatment. The treatment was consecutive for one year. Blood lipid, serum creatinine, clearance rate of serum creatinine(Ccr), urinary retinol-binding protein(RBP) and protein amount in urine were tested respectively before treatment and one month, six months and one year after the treatment. Results Compared with the patients of group 2, blood lipid, urinary RBP and total urinary proteins and serum creatinne decreased, and Ccr increased in the patients of group 1. Conclusion Pravastatin can postpone the renal dysfunction of the CRF patients with nomal blood lipid.

Objective To explore the application effects of simulation diagnosis teaching in practical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology.Methods Students were divided into simulation teaching group(n=46) and traditional teaching group(n=46).Survey was conducted among simulation teaching group and traditional teaching group concerning clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology.Teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire and examination.SPSS 13.0 statistics software was used to do the analysis.Enumeration data was analyzed by chi-square test while measurement data by t test.P＜0.05 stands for statistically significant difference.Results There were significant differences in improving students' clinical thinking and practical ability between two groups(P＜0.05).Satisfaction degree of simulation teaching group was significantly higher than that of traditional teaching group.Examination results of simulation teaching group was significantly higher than that of traditional teaching group(theoretical exam:P=0.001; operational exam:P=0.000).Conclusions Simulation diagnosis teaching can provide students more opportunities to practice and improve students' clinical thinking ability and clinical practice ability.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the BmK-9-(2) on the sodium current in guinea-pigventricular myocytes. Methods:The whole cell patch-clamp technique was used. Results:The BmK-9-(2)increased the magnitude of the peak inward sodium current (27 ％) ,peak sodium conductace (17 %) and theprolong time course of sodium channel inactivation (8％) and there was no effects on calcium channels.Conclusion:BmK-9-(2) can activate sodium channel and prolong the inactivated course of myocytes.

BACKGROUND: It has been verified in the experiments over the past that the self-prepared Chinese herb, fuzhisan can retard natural aging in rats, suggesting that such drug acts on anti-aging.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of optimum effective concentration of nerve cell cultured with fuzhisan on morphological alternation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell.DESIGN: Repeated measurement.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Beijing Key Laboratory Room of Cerebral Aging of Xuanwu Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences from June 2002 to April 2003. Self-prepared Chinese herb, fuzhisan [composed of 6 herbs, such as shichangbu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei), yuanzhi (Radix Polygalae), etc.] was co-developed by Prof.Wang De-shen from Department of Neurology of First Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University and Prof. Xu Xiao-yun from Department of Neurology of Shanghai Oriental Hospital. In addition, amyloid βprotein 25-35 segment and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma were provided.METHODS: Fuzhisan of various concentrations were used for incubation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell. Thiazolyl blue (MTT), colorimetric method was used to determine the cell survival rate. Dose-effect relationship curve was drawn up to search optimum drug concentration. The cells cultured with 6-pore plate were divided into normal control, amyloid β-protein 25-35 25 μmol/L group, amyloid β-protein 25-35 25 μmol/L + fuzhisan 45×10-3 g/L groups and fuzhisan 45×10-3 g/L group. They were incubated for 24 hours to observe cell morphological alternation and determine neurosome area and axon length.ery group.length of every group: Those in amyloid β-protein 25-35 25 μmol/L group were decreased remarkably than the normal control [(505.5 ±122.36),(599.8 ±141.25) μm2; (26.0±13.97), (36.5 ±15.58) μm, (t =3.903,3.447, P=0.000)]. Those in fuzhisan 45×10-3g/L group and amyloid β-protein 25-35 25 μmol/L + fuzhisan 45×10-3 g/L group were increased remarkably than amyloid β-protein 25-35 25 μmol/L group [(918.3±178.34),(896.6 ±257.14), (505.5 ±122.36) μm2; (96.8 ±43.31), (88.3 ±30.23),(26.0±13.97) μm, (t=10.922, 14.172, P=-0.000)].CONCLUSION: With injury of amyloid β-protein 25-35, fuzhisan still enhances the survival of cultured nerve cell, manifested as promoting the increase of neurosome area and axonal extension.

BACKGROUND: Amyloid β(Aβ) protein is the core of senile plaque.Being the toxic segment of Aβ, Aβ25-35 has been extensively applied in the experiments of recent years. The research in the past has verified that the self-prepared Chinese herb, fuzhisan can promote the survival of the cultured neural cells and probably acts on the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).OBJECTIVE: To study the resistance of fuzhisan to Aβ25-35 toxicity to cultured neural cells and the probable approaches.DESIGN: Repeated measurement based on the cells.SETTING: Department of neurology of a university hospital and key experimental room in brain aging in a university hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Beijing Key Experimental Room in Brain Aging of Xuanwu Hospital from June 2002 to April 2003. Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell of neuroblastoma and Aβ25-35 were employed. Chinese herb, fuzhisan was decocted with mild fire and its upper clear solution was collected and prepared into storage solution at the concentration of 0. 5 g/mL. Antibody: Beijing Key Experimental Room in Brain Aging of Xuanwu Hospital prepared cAMP responsive element binding protein(CREB),Bcl-2 in B lymphatic leukaemia-2 genetic product and cytochrome C(CytC).METHODS: SH-SY5Y cell was incubated with Aβ25-35 of various doses alone or in combination with fuzhisan and was compared with blank control. MTF metabolic rate of cultured neural cells were determined under different incubation conditions. Western-blot method was used to measure the protein expression changes in incubation with fuzhisanalone, incubation with Aβ25-35 alone and the combination incubation, compared with the blank control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: It was to study MTT metabolic rate in the comparison between each experimental group and the blank control and expressions of CREB, Bcl-2 and CytC relevant to survival/death of neural cells.RESULTS: Survival rate of SH-SY5Y cell was increased by 11.4% in incubation with fuzhisan alone. It was remarkably improved in incubation combining fu zhisan with Aβ25-35 as compared with Aβ25-35 alone. The expressions of CREB and Bcl-2 in Aβ25-35 group were decreased and were increased in fuzhisan group. CytC expression in cytoplasm was increased in Aβ25-35 group and was declined with fuzhisan incubation.CONCLUSION: Fuzhisan promotes the survival of cultured neural cells and its protection is still existed under Aβ25-35 injury. Fuzhisan brings such effects into play probably by the protein expressions relevant to survival/death of cells.