Effect of S83143, a praziquantel derivative, and its phosphate salt S85009, sulfate salt S85010 and hydrochloride salt S85021 on different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum in mice were ob- served. When infected mice were treated with S83143 suspension at a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg or with 3 different salts of S83143 at a single intramuscular dose of 100 mg' ( S83143 base )/kg, the worm reduction rate was 69~87% in 2 h old schistosomula and 47~96% in 32~33 d old adult worms, respectively, but had no effect on 3 ~14 d schistosomula. The results showed that the susceptibility of different developmental stages of schistosome to S83143 was similar to that of praziquantel.The acute LD50 of ig S83143 suspension was more than 10g/kg, while ED50 was 352?65 mg/kg. With im S85010 solution, the LD50 and ED50 were 176?14 and 66?10 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, the therapeutic index of S83143 was over 28, which was higher than 2.67 of S8S010.

Mice, were each infected with 48-52 different geographic Schisto-soma japonicum cercariae of Zhejiang Hangzhou, Jiangsu Wuxi,Anhui Guchi,Jiangxi Nanchang,Hubei Hanyang , Hunan Yueyang & Yunnan Dali. 32-35 d after infection, the mice were treated orally with praziquantel at a single dose of 400 mg/kg. The worm reduction rates of each geographic S. japonicum were compared with that of Anhui Guchi schistosomes which was known to be more sensitive to praziquantel. The results showed that the worm reduction rate of Yunnan Dali schistosomes was 35.1%, which was much less than 75.4% of Anhui Guchi schistosomes. No apparent difference in susceptibility of other 5 geographic schistosomes to praziquantel was observed as comparing with Anhui Guchi schistosomes.When mice infected with Yunnan or Anhui schistosomes for 5 weeks were treated orally with praziquantel at a single dose of 300 mg/kg. the drug-induced hepatic shift rate of the worms and morphological changes of the worms were more or less similar in both geographic schistosomes within 28 d after medication. It was considered that less effect of praziquanfel on Yunnan Dali schistosomes may be ascribed to less susceptibility of the worms to the drug.

Objective To study the effect of artemether (Art) on total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in adult Schistosoma japonicum. Methods In vitro, the T-AOC was determined in five-week old worms incubated without or with Art and/or hemin for 24 h, and the worms were continuously incubated for 96 h, then worm survival was assessed. In vivo, T-AOC was determined in worms freshly recovered from mice 6 - 24 h after treatment with Art 300 mg/kg. Results Throughout 96 h incubation no worms were killed by 50 μmol/L Art or 50 μmol/L hemin alone, but approximatdy 80% of them were killed by Art plus hemin. Addition of reduced glutathione and vitamin E could significantly block the cidal action of the combined treatment. No effect on T-AOC was seen in the worms exposed to Art or heroin alone for 24 h, but the combined treatment led to a pronounced T-AOC reduction in female worms in vitro. Such a drug effect on female worms was demonstrated in vivo. After female worms were exposed to Art for 6 - 24 h in vivo, their T-AOC was significantly reduced by 40% - 64%. However, no drug effect on male worms' T-AOC was observed in vivo and in vitro exposed to Art plus hemin. Conclusion Art-induced T-AOC reduction in female worms may sensitize them to lethal damages of endogenous and exogenous oxygen radicals.

To explore the long-term effects of L-T4 treatment on physical and intellectual development in neonatal congenital hypothyroidism(CH) patients during adolescence and adulthood.14 out of 15 patients,aged 15-31 years old,including 9 males and 6 females,were diagnosed by neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism.(1) By treatment for 10 years until adolescence,return visit ages were 12.6-18.1 years old,the height of patients were normal in 14 cases,weight normal in 8 cases,and overweight in 6 cases.Only the first patient of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism height 154 cm,weight of 43.5 kg,which were below the standard.Bone age by X-ray showed 9 normal,1 case of rapid development,4 cases with left wrist bone age retardation.IQ combined Raven's test(CRT) showed 3 cases excellent,7 cases normal,3 cases borderline,and 2 cases low.(2)Treatment for more than 20 years to adulthood,9 cases of return visits (8 cases were screened out) by 23-31 years of age,with 5 males and 4 females,height and bone age were all normal,normal weight,only 2 cases BMI slightly overweight.As to IQ,good were in 7 cases,mild retardation in 2 cases.7 patients received above average education;they were all employed except one.The employed patients were all capable for their jobs.In summary,screening out of 8 patients,1 case were of mild mental retardation (12.5％);while 7 patients(87.5％),both in physical and intellectual levels were as those of the normal population.

AIM:To investigate the influence of Jiedu hugan granule on the inflammatory factor and tight junction protein of small intestine in rats with immunological liver injury.METHODS:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low,middle and high experimental group of Jiedu hugan granule (2.7,5.4,and 10.8 g/kg).All the groups excepted the control group received intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 mL pig serum for each to establish immunological liver injury model.The experimental group was irrigated ltime/d,continuous dosing for 14 d.The liver tissue and small intestinal tissue pathological changes were observed by HE staining,the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected,and the expression of liver tissue TNF-α and small intestine tissue occludin-5 were detected by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS:The model group liver tissue showed accumulation of fat cells,liver cells enlargement,disorganized liver and associated with inflammatory cells infiltration;the experimental group liver cell morphological ruled,hepatic cords in alignment and inflammatory cells infiltration significantly decrease.The model group small intestinal mucosa villi showed atrophy,fall off of epithelial cell,edema,large number of inflammatory cells infiltration;the experimental group showed closelyknitted small intestinal mucosa villi,relieve edema,and no obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells.The levels of ALT,AST,LDH and TNF-α in experimental group were statistically lower than the model group,and the levels were statistically reduce with the dose of jiedu hugan granule increased.The levels of occludin-5 in experimental group were statistically highter than those of the model group,and the levels of occludin-5 were statistically increase with the dose of Jiedu hugan granule increased,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Jiedu hugan granule can improve the organizational structure of liver and small intestine,protect the damage of liver,reduce inflammation,and maintain small intestine mucosal barrier function.

Objective:To scope review of studies on the risk factors for vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure was reviewed, so as to provide a reference for clinical medical staff to prevent and control infection.Methods:Based on the framework of scope review method, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database, China Knowledge Networkand Wanfang database are retrieved. The retrieval period was from the database construction to February 1, 2022. The included literatures were Summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 28 articles were included, and the risk factors of vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure were found to include 7 aspects: basic information of children, catheter nursing measures, type of tube-sealing solution, catheter factors, residual intestinal condition of children, nursing level of caregivers, therapeutic factors.Conclusions:The risk factors of vessel catheter associated infection in children with intestinal failure were found to include 7 aspects, which are complex and diverse with distinctive disease characteristics. In the future, medical staff can optimize the pipeline nursing measures; construct the model of cross-specialty health education and improve the nursing level of caregivers to reduce the incidence of vessel catheter associated infection.

Objective:To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which methyl salicylate enhances the skin de-livery of herbal ingredients with diverse lipophilicity.Methods:The toxicity of methyl salicylate on skin cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay.The Franz diffusion cell method was used to measure the permeability enhancing activities of methyl salicylate for five herbal ingredients with a range of lipophilicities.The interaction between methyl salicylate and the stratum corneum (SC) was observed by using an infrared spectroscopy technique.Moreover,the solu-bilities and SC-vehicle partition coefficient were determined to monitor the impact of methyl salicylate on the drug thermodynamic activities and partition into the SC layer,respectively.Results:Compared with azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one),methyl salicylate showed lower toxicity to skin cells in terms of the ICso values.The in vitro skin permeation studies showed that methyl salicylate could greatly improve the cumulative amounts or steady state flux of the selected model drugs with the exception of osthole,which indicated that methyl salicylate was prone to promote the skin delivery of hydrophilic drugs.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that methyl salicylate mainly interacted with SC lipids,leading to the disruption of the orderly arrangement of the SC.In addition,methyl salicylate had no obvious effect on the drug thermodynamic activity and partition into the SC.Conclusion:Methyl salicylate could effectively promote the skin delivery of relatively hydrophilic in-gredients in externally used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) without obvious cytotoxicity.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of bee acupuncture therapy on clinical symptoms and signs， as well as the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 （IL-6） in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis. MethodsThe 94 patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into the control group and the trial group by the random number table method， with 47 cases in each group. Both groups were given one tablet （60 mg） of etoricoxib orally every morning for 2 weeks. The control group also received microneedle shallow acupuncture therapy， once a day for 5 consecutive times followed 2-day pause， and continued 5 consecutive times， as a course of treatment； the trial group was treated with bee acupuncture therapy once every 2 days， 2 times a week， and 4 times as a course of treatment. Both groups have a course of treatment for 2 weeks. The changes in clinical symptoms and signs of patients in the two groups were observed and evaluated before treatment， after 1- and 2-week treatment， and 12-week follow-up and the differences in Lequesne index scores， HSS scores， Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） scores and IL-6 levels in knee synovial fluid between the two groups of patients were also compared. ResultsNo patients lost to follow up in either group. The Lequesne index scores and VAS scores were lower， and the HSS scores were higher in both groups at all time points after treatment compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）. Compared at the same time after treatment， the Lequesne index scores and VAS scores of the trial group were lower than those of the control group， and the HSS scores were higher than those of the control group （P＜0.05）. IL-6 in synovial fluid was lower in the trial group at the 12-week follow-up than before treatment （P＜0.05）， but there was no significant difference between two groups at each time point（P＞0.05）. ConclusionBee acupuncture therapy for knee osteoarthritis can significantly improve clinical signs and symptoms， but has no significant effect on the level of IL-6 in knee synovial fluid.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a significant global health burden,and there is an urgent need for new treatment options.Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2(TROP-2),a target closely associated with NSCLC prog-nosis,has become a research hotspot in recent years.Notably,TROP-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)have made groundbreaking advances in NSCLC therapy.Clinical studies have demonstrated that certain TROP-2 ADCs can significantly improve progression-free survival in previously treated patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC,regardless of the presence of actionable genomic alterations.These agents have shown promising potential in both frontline and subsequent treatment settings.In terms of safety,while adverse effects affecting the hematologic,respiratory,and gastrointestinal systems are gener-ally manageable,close clinical monitoring and timely management are still required.In conclusion,TROP-2 ADCs hold great promise in the treatment of NSCLC.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the relationship between expression of MICA/B (MHC class I chain-related proteinA/B) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with HER2+(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) breast cancer tissue. Methods: Twenty six cases of corresponding para-cancerous tissue and 100 cases of HER2+ breast cancer tissue that preserved in wax at Zhengzhou People’ s Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from January 2009 to June 2010 were collected for this study. Expression of MICA/ B in these tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry; and the relationship between MICA/B expression with clinicopathologic features as well as DFS was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results: The expression of MICA/B in adjacent paracancerous tissues was negative (0/26), however, it was highly positive in cancer tissues (92/100), and the percentage with high expression was 65%(65/100), the difference was significant (P<0.05). High MICA/B expression rate in stage I was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ (77.55% vs 52.94%， P<0.05), and the high expression rate in stage T1 was also significantly higher than that in stage T2-T4 (75.00% vs 52.27%， P<0.05). High MICA/B expression rate in ER+, PR+ group (with positive number≥1%) was significantly lower than that in ER- , PR-group (ER： 52.38% vs 74.14%，PR： 51.35% vs 73.02%， all P<0.05). MICA/B expression was correlated with clinical stages, the expression of ER, PR and tumor size (all P<0.05), but not associated with menopausal status, histological grade and lymph node metastasis (all P>0.05). Over-expression of MICA/B was closely associated with much better 6-year DFS rate in patients no matter with or without targeted therapy (the targeted group: 90.6% vs 72.2%; the untargeted group: 78.4% vs 58.8%, all P<0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of MICA/B in HER2+ breast cancer tissue is closely related to DFS, which may be served as a potential prognosis indicator for patients with HER2+ breast cancer.