Pancreatic fistula is a common complication after distal pancreatectomy, and its occurrence will increase the risk of other postoperative complications and even lead to the death of patients. Although the grading diagnosis of postoperative pancreatic fistula has been widely applied, the diagnosis of grade B pancreatic fistula is relatively broad. Further stratification is needed to assist in the disease severity assessment and treatment of postoperative patients. In terms of the prevention of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy, there are still controversies in the aspects of intraoperative operation, early postoperative nutritional support, the timing of drainage tube removal, and the use of somatostatin analogs. Therefore, this article will discuss many problems including grading and prevention of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy, to provide a more persuasive clinical basis.

Objective:To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of laparoscopy dominated approaches to two different local resections for duodenal stromal tumors.Methods:From May 2015 to May 2021 25 duodenal stromal tumors cases were allocated to wedged resection group (8 cases) and segmental resection (17cases).Results:Compared with the segmental resection group, the operative time in the wedge resection group was significantly shorter [(202±43) min vs. (299±128) min, t=-2.814, P=0.010]. The intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-50) ml in the wedge resection group and 30 (15-100) ml in the segmental resection group ( t=-1.128, P>0.05). Patients in the wedge resection group had a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay, 7(9-11) days vs. 14 (10-28) days, t=-2.66, P=0.008. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications and gastric emptying disorders between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In spite of laparoscopic,robotic or open approaches, wedge resection and segmental resection based on anatomic location for duodenal stromal tumors are both safe and satisfactory.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province, and provide basis for making policy of targeted guidance and rational iodine supplementation.Methods:In the 156 counties of Henan Province in 2020, one township was selected from each location (east, west, south, north and middle) in each county; one school was selected from each township; 40 children aged 8-10 years in the school and 20 pregnant women in the township were selected to collect their urine and salt samples to test urine and salt iodine levels. One third of the counties were selected to examine the thyroid gland of children. Individuals lived in villages with water iodine between 40 and 100 μg/L were included in the study.Results:In iodine adequate areas, a total of 2 097 salt samples were collected from children and tested, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.6% (1 962/2 097). A total of 2 096 urine samples were collected from children and tested, and the median urinary iodine was 288.0 μg/L. The goiter rate of children was 0.7% (5/723). A total of 1 068 salt samples from pregnant women were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.0% (993/1 068). A total of 1 068 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine 232.7 μg/L. Stratified by water iodine (40-59, 60-79, 80-100 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of children was 273.8, 288.6, and 305.9 μg/L, respectively, statistically significantly different between groups ( H = 15.79, P < 0.001); the goiter rate of children was ≤2%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.31, P = 0.026); but the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was not significantly different ( H = 1.82, P = 0.402). Under different water iodine conditions, there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in children and pregnant women between the high salt iodine concentration group (≥21 mg/kg) and the low salt iodine concentration group (< 21 mg/kg, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of children in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province is relatively high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The goiter rate of children is at a relatively low level. Continuous surveillance should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the iodine nutrition level. Various measures will be taken by regions and populations.

Along with the develoipment of high-throughput sequencing technologies, both sample size and SNP number are increasing rapidly in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and the associated computation is more challenging than ever. Here, we present a memory-efficient, visualization-enhanced, and parallel-accelerated R package called"rMVP"to address the need for improved GWAS computation. rMVP can 1) effectively process large GWAS data, 2) rapidly evaluate population structure, 3) efficiently estimate variance components by Efficient Mixed-Model Association eX-pedited (EMMAX), Factored Spectrally Transformed Linear Mixed Models (FaST-LMM), and Haseman-Elston (HE) regression algorithms, 4) implement parallel-accelerated association tests of markers using general linear model (GLM), mixed linear model (MLM), and fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) methods, 5) compute fast with a globally efficient design in the GWAS processes, and 6) generate various visualizations of GWAS-related information. Accelerated by block matrix multiplication strategy and multiple threads, the association test methods embedded in rMVP are significantly faster than PLINK, GEMMA, and FarmCPU_pkg. rMVP is freely available at https://github.com/xiaolei-lab/rMVP.

OBJECTIVE To compare the phar macokinetics o f ligustrazine hydrochlori de，salvianic acid and rosemarinic acid from Shenxiong glucose injection （SGI）in normal and acute myocardial ischemia （AMI）rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group ，with 9 rats in each group. AMI model was established by isoproterenol hydrochloride modeling method. Three rats in each group were selected for model verification. The remaining 6 rats in each group were given SGI （1.2 mL/kg）or equal volum of normal saline via tail vein ；0.3 mL blood was collected through orbital venous bush 0.083，0.167，0.333，0.5，0.75，1，1.5，2，3，5 h after administration. Using luteoloside as internal standard ，the plasma concentrations of ligustrazine hydrochloride ，salvianic acid and rosemarinic acid were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by WinNonlin 8.1 software，and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software. RESULTS The linear ranges of ligustrazine hydrochloride ，salvianic acid and rosmarinic acid were 0.06-29.96，0.01-5.15 and 0.006-3.09 μ g/mL（all r＞0.99），respectively. The results of methodological investigation were all in line with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）. Compared with normal rats ，CLz of ligustrazine hydrochloride in AMI model rats was significantly increased （P＜0.05）；t1/2 and Vz of salvianic acid were significantly prolonged or increased （P＜0.05）；but the cmax and AUC 0－5 h were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；AUC0－5 h of rosmarinic acid was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The exposure levels of salvianic acid and rosmarinic acid in SGI are lower in AMI model rats than in normal rats ，and the elimination of ligustrazine hydrochloride in AMI model rats is stronger than that in normal rats.