Objective To extract dietary fiber from Udaria pinnatifida by using enzymatic-chemical extraction method.Methods All the factors that affect the extraction rate are enzyme content,enzymolysis temperature,enzymolysis time,Na2CO3concentration,Na2CO3extraction temperature,Na2CO3content and extraction time.They were tested with orthogonal experiment.Results The optimal conditions for extraction were determined as follows:the material was hydrolyzed at 50℃ for 1.5h with protease and cellulase mixed at the ratio of 30∶1,followed by the extraction at 65℃ for 3h with 30 volumes of 1% Na2CO3 solution.Under these conditions,the extraction rate could be as high as 12.65%with the color near light yellow.It could be used as additive source of dietary fiber for functional foods.Conclusion The optimum conditions for extraction dietary fiber were established.

each group were sacrificed, respectively. Distributions of BrdU positive cels and ChAT positive cels were detected by S-P immunohistochemical method. The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze system.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:BrdU positive cels were mainly distributed in the cortex and hippocampus, especialy around the blood vessels, and there was the presence of focal aggregation. A smal amount of BrdU positive cels were observed in the basal ganglia and thalamus as wel as in the ependyma. BrdU positive cels were counted at different time after operation. The number of BrdU positive cels decreased with time, and only a smal number of BrdU positive cels were observed at 60 days after transplantation. The number of ChAT positive cels at different time after transplantation was ranked as folows: neural stem cel transplantation group > model group > sham operated group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the time for searching the platform was significantly lower in the neural stem transplantation group and sham operated group, but the number of crossing the platform was significantly higher in the neural stem cel transplantation group and sham operated group (P < 0.05). The results show that neural stem cels could be transplanted into the rats with vascular dementia, and the cels could survive and migrate in the brain of rats and significantly improve the learning and memory ability. This mechanism may be related to the differentiation and growth of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus.

This study compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between National Health Strategy in America and Healthy China 2030 from three aspects, namely the strategic goals, the main contents, and the leading health indicators.Considering China's social and economic environment, this paper proposes the following suggestions: 1) to emphasize the relevance, dynamics and continuity of health strategy;2) to focus on key population on the basis of full coverage;3) to identify the focus of each phase of implementation;and 4) to highly think of the establishment of systems, including information system, operational supervision system and evaluation index system, etc.These suggestions are meant to provide inspiration to the introduction and further development of the China's national health strategy.

Objective:To compare the coverage rate of non-iodized salts, children's iodine nutrition and the change trend of goiter rate between the original water source high iodine areas in Henan Province in 2017 and the newly designated water source high iodine areas in 2019.Methods:Using a cross-sectional survey method, household edible salt monitoring was conducted in all 20 counties (cities, districts) with high iodine content in Henan Province in 2017. Ten counties (cities, districts) were selected to monitor water iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children aged 8 to 10 years. A total of 4 430 salt samples and 1 012 urine samples were collected, and thyroid volume of 1 012 children were measured. In 2019, monitoring of household edible salt, water iodine, urinary iodine, and thyroid volume was carried out in all 55 newly designated counties (cities, districts) with high iodine village. A total of 9 835 salt samples and 9 830 urine samples were collected, and the thyroid volume of 8 896 children was measured. The monitoring results of two years were compared, and the relationship between children's urinary iodine and goiter rate was analyzed by univariate logistic regression.Results:In 2019, the water iodine content in newly designated high iodine areas decreased compared to the original high iodine areas in 2017 (119.8 to 191.0 μg/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.48, P = 0.013). The rate of non-iodized salts in 2019 was only 35.5% (3 494/9 835), significantly lower than that in 2017 (96.2%, 4 263/4 430, χ 2 = 4 536.74, P < 0.001). The median urinary iodine of children in 2017 and 2019 were 338.2 and 317.8 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the two years was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.46, P = 0.014). In 2017 and 2019, the goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 years was 1.5% (15/1 012) and 2.1% (187/8 896), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two years (χ 2 = 1.76, P = 0.185). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the control group with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter rate (but the enlargement rate did not exceed 5%) increased with the increase of urinary iodine level (100 - 199, 200 - 299 and ≥300 μg/L groups), and the differences were statistically significant [odds ratio ( OR) = 8.64, 7.68, 10.69, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:After the implementation of the new demarcation standard for areas with excessive iodine in water sources, the supply of non-iodized salts in Henan Province is relatively lagging behind, and the iodine nutrition level of children is still high, but the goiter rate is relatively stable.

Objective:To explore the effects of different blood purification modes on short-term complications, quality of life and survival prognosis of patients with uremia.Methods:The patients with uremia who received hemodialysis treatment at two blood purification centers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Renal Care Hospital from January 1, 2017 to December 1, 2019 were enrolled in this study. According to the different blood purification modes, the patients were divided into high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) group (HFHD group), HFHD+hemodiafiltration (HDF) per month group (HDF once a month group) and HFHD+HDF per week group (HDF once a week group). The three groups were matched with the ratio of 1∶1∶1 on the duration of hemodialysis based on the HDF once a week group. The differences of clinical indicators, medication and rehospitalization between baseline and end points were compared. The patients were followed up to 12 months after enrolled in the study or death. Patients in each group were divided into two subgroups, newly imported group and non-newly imported group based on whether or not they were newly enrolled in HD therapy from January 1, 2017 to December 1, 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression model were used to analyze the difference of survival prognosis in non-newly imported patients with different dialysis modes, and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) was used to evaluate the difference of quality of life in newly imported patients after different dialysis modes treatment.Results:A total of 139 patients were enrolled, including 43 cases in the HFHD group, 47 cases in the HDF once a month group, and 49 cases in the HDF once a week group. After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen and serum potassium in the HDF once a week group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the consumptions of erythropoietin and intravenous iron, the hospitalization times and hospitalization days in the HDF once a week group were significantly decreased, and the level of albumin in the HDF once a week group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis of non-newly imported hemodialysis patients showed that the survival rate in the HDF once a week group was higher than that in the other two groups (Log-rank χ2=7.020, P=0.030). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HDF was a protective factor for post-dialysis survival in uremia patients ( HR=0.472, 95% CI 0.188-0.836, P=0.023). The total efficacy of EQ-5D-5L of the newly imported patients in the HDF once a week group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups ( F=7.293, P=0.002). Conclusions:The combination of HFHD with HDF per week therapy can significantly improve the short-term quality of life and nutritional status, and reduce the hospitalization frequency, length of hospital stay, the consumption of erythropoietin and intravenous iron and mortality risk in uremia patients.

Purpose To explore the pathological features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)with bone marrow involvement and to improve awareness of bone marrow infiltration in AITL.Methods The tissue morphology of 32 cases of AITL with bone marrow involvement was retrospectively analyzed.Im-munohistochemistry using the EnVision method and ten-color flow cytometry were conducted to detect AITL-related immune markers.T cell clonality was analyzed through T cell receptor(TCR)gene rearrangement.Results The predominant pat-terns of tumor cell infiltration were nodular(20/32,62.5％)and interstitial or small clusters(10/32,31.3％).The nodules showed a mixture of cellular components.In some cases,the fo-ci contained a mixture of cells with characteristic"granuloma-toid"changes.The tumor cells were mainly small to medium-sized lymphocytes with inconspicuous atypia.Some cases showed plasma cell proliferation.19 cases were subject to immunohisto-chemical staining,which revealed a low count of CD4-positive T cells,with an average of 8.4％.The positive rates of T follic-ular helper cells(TFH)markers were as follows:CD10(7/14,50.0％),BCL6(6/19,31.6％),PD-1(13/19,68.4％),and CXCL13(13/19,68.4％).In most cases,tumor cells showed co-expression of PD-1 and CXCL13,but the number of positive cells was less than 1％.Flow cytometry analysis was performed in 24 cases,among which 22 cases all consistently expressed cytoplasmic CD3(cCD3),CD5,CD4,and CD2,with varying degrees of CD10 expression.In some cases,there was a lack of expression of surface CD3(sCD3)(12/22,54.5％),while there was a lack of expression of CD7(8/22,36.4％).and no abnormal T cells were found in 2 cases.TCR gene rearrangement analysis was performed in 7 cases,with 3 cases showing TCR clonality.Conclusion AITL with bone marrow involvement exhibits a lower proportion of tumor cells and less atypia,making it prone to misdiagnosis.The presence of lymphocytic foci with mixed cellular components in the bone marrow can indicate bone marrow involvement in AITL.Flow cy-tometry detection of abnormal T cells(double positive for CD4 and CD10)strongly suggests bone marrow infiltration in AITL.A comprehensive diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in AITL re-quires consideration of bone marrow biopsy,flow cytometry,and TCR gene rearrangement analysis.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease.Methods The data of ultrasonic diagnosis and follow-up of 338 children with Kawasaki disease complicated with coronary artery aneurysms were analyzed.Results The incidence of coronary artery aneurysm in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease was 21.2％ (338/1 594).Of all the 338 cases,small aneurysms was 66.6％ (225 cases),medium aneurysms was 25.1％ (85 cases),and giant aneurysms was 8.3％ (28 cases).There were 719 branches involved in 338 cases,32.8％ of them in left main coronary artery and 31.1％ in right coronary artery;25.3％ in left anterior descending branch,and 10.8％ in left circumflex branch.A total of 382 branches were followed up,including 218 branches of small coronary aneurysm group and 82.1％ of them were completely recovered to the normal diameter.The medium aneurysm group was 124 brunches,the proportion of no significant change,retraction,and normal were 23.4％,68.5％ and 8.1％,respectively.There were 40 brunches in the giant anuerysm group,in which the proportion of no significant change,retraction,and normal were 70.0％,27.5％ and 2.5％,respectively.A total of 30 thrombosiswere detected by echocardiography in the acute stage,20 thrombosis were regularly followed up,12 thrombosis gradually subsided,and the other remained persist.Five thrombosis were detected in the sequelae stage,and all located in the giant coronary aneurysm.Seven children were clinically diagnosed with ischemic heart disease,of them,acute myocardial infarction in 1 case,1 died of heart failure.Conclusions Kawasaki disease coronary artery disease are common in small coronary aneurysms,of which the left main artery and right coronary artery lesions are the most common,and the prognosis is better;medium and giant aneurysm need more time to recovery,and are easy to complicated with thrombosis.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of psychological intervention on anxiety and depression in hearing-impaired children and adolescents. MethodsThe literature was researched from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang Database on psychological intervention on anxiety and depression for hearing-impaired children and adolescents until July, 2023. After screening, author, country, study object, study design, intervention mode, outcome, and measurement tools were extracted from the literature. ResultsEight articles from three countries were included, including eight randomized controlled trials, involving 404 participants, publishing mainly from 2013 to 2023. The types of psychological intervention included family support education, emotional intelligence training, cognitive behavioral therapy, self-confidence group training, and play therapy, and so on, which improved social phobia, and relieved the levels of anxiety and depression of children and adolescents with hearing impairment. ConclusionPsychological intervention can effectively alleviate the anxiety and depression of children and adolescents with hearing impairment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of myeloproliferative neoplasms Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score (MPN-SAF-TSS)in assessing constitutional symptoms among Ph/BCR- ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)patients.

METHODSA cohort of 628 MPN patients were evaluated by MPN- SAF- TSS.

RESULTSFatigue was the most common symptom (76.0%, 76.2%vs 89.9%)and the highest average severity of all the symptoms (3.46±2.97, 3.47±2.99vs 4.74±3.04 scores)among polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET)and primary myelofibrosis (PMF)patients. Using the MPN- SAF- TSS analysis, PMF patients showed highest burden of symptoms (28.9 ± 19.1), followed by PV patients (19.2 ± 16.8), and finally ET patients (17.1 ± 15.3). Instinct differences were observed between PMF and PV patients (χ(2)=6.371,P=0.021), PMF and ET patients (χ(2)= 14.020,P<0.001). No significant difference was found between PV and ET patients (χ(2)=2.281,P=0.191).

CONCLUSIONMPN- SAF- TSS was effective in evaluating the symptomatic burden among Ph/BCRABL negative MPN patients and could be used for serial assessment in this clinical setting.

Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Polycythemia Vera ; complications ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; complications ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; complications

Objective:To study the classification of persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) and the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of PFAA.Methods:A total of 16 cases (male 6, female 10, at ages from 7 days to 4 years and 2 months old, the median age was 3 months) diagnosed with PFAA in Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2013 to June 2019 were studied retrospectively. The diagnosis standard, differential methods and misdiagnosed analysis of different subtypes of PFAA by echocardiography were summarized and analyzed.Results:The 16 cases included 1 case of type A1 double lumen aortic arch, 8 cases of type A2 single-lumen aortic arch, 3 cases of type B1 with pulmonary atresia and 4 cases of type B3 pulmonary artery branch arising from the distal end of ascending aorta. Only one patient of double lumen aortic arch missed diagnosis by echocardiography, and the rest were accurately diagnosed by echocardiography. CTA was performed in 13 cases, including 9 cases of type A, 1 case of type B1 and 3 cases of type B3, which confirmed the echocardiography diagnosis. Seven cases of Type A2 were operated.Conclusions:PFAA is a rare and complicated aortic arch malformation, which is divided into four major classification and multiple subtypes. Echocardiography can diagnose the PFAA and its classification, it is of great clinical significance for the early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of children.