In order to make the comprehensive evaluation work of intellectual property of TCM industry more scientific and reasonable in our country, promote the protection of intellectual property of TCM industry, based on the survey of the domestic and foreign literature about evaluation of intellectual property and TCM industry, this article built the evaluation index system of intellectual property of TCM industry from five aspects:the number of intellectual property, the quality of intellectual property, the development of intellectual property, the implementation of intellectual property, and the management of intellectual property, and elaborated each index in detail.

After an evaluation system of intellectual property rights in tea industry was constructed according to the investigation of literature and networks , the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed , which showed that although the comprehensive strength of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China has steadily increased , a number of problems still exist such as its copyright , trademark rights, geographical indications, intangible cultural heritage, and new plant strain rights.Further analysis of patent invention rights, practical patents, and outward appearance designs showed that the number of tea processing patent inventions is the largest with a stable patent right, followed by tea processing and tea sets, tea sets and tea pack-age.Suggestions were put forward for the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China.

Indicators for evaluation of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system were selected interms of patent right, copyright, trademark right, geographical mark, protection of Chinese medicine, and intangible cultural heritage to construct a Chinese medicine intellectual property rights evaluation system which is consisted of 6 class A,15 class B and 18 class C indicators .Domestic data of Chinese medicine intellectual property rights were col-lected from 2004 to 2013,the weight of each evaluation indicator was determined using standard deviation method,and the evaluation system was studied according to the weighted TOPSIS method with its rationality and practicality validated.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty-four elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=112 each) using a random number table method: esketamine group (S group) and control group (C group). Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected before anesthesia induction in S group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C group.The Fuzzy Consciousness Assessment Scale (3D-CAM) was used to assess the occurrence of POD within 7 days after surgery.The consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil and use of vasoactive drugs were recorded during operation.The rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation and occurrence of postoperative complications were recorded. Results:Compared with C group, the incidence of POD was significantly decreased, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was reduced, and the utilization rate of vasoactive drugs, rate of rescue analgesia and incidence of postoperative vertigo, nausea and vomiting within 48 h after surgery were decreased in S group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine can reduce the development of POD in elderly patients.

Objective:To evaluate the effective dose, efficacy and safety of remimazolam for induction of general anesthesia in super-elderly patients.Methods:Trial Ⅰ American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of either sex, aged ≥80 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia in the Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital from January to March 2022, were selected. Remimazolam 0.12 mg/kg or propofol 0.8 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the first patient, and the dose of remimazolam or propofol in the next patient was determined by using the modified Dixon′s up-and-down method. The difference between the two successive doses was 0.01 mg/kg for remimazolam and 0.05 mg/kg for propofol. A positive response was defined as achieving an anesthesia depth (BIS value ≤ 65) within 5 min of administration. If the response was positive, the next patient received a lower dose, or conversely if negative, a higher dose was given in the next patient. The 50% effective dose (ED 50) and 90% effective dose (ED 90) of remifentanil and propofol and their 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were calculated by Probit method. Trial Ⅱ One hundred and forty-six American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ elderly patients of either sex, aged ≥80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-25 mg/kg, scheduled for elective surgery with general anesthesia from April to October 2023 in Zhejiang Provincial People′s Hospital, were selected and divided into 2 groups ( n=73 each) by using a random number table method: remimazolam group (R group) and propofol group (P group). R group was induced with intravenous remimazolam ED 90 and P group was induced with intravenous propofol ED 90, and the injection time was both 30 s. If the BIS value was still greater than 65 at 5 min after administration, remimazolam 0.05 mg/kg was intravenously added each time in R group and propofol 0.5 mg/kg was intravenously added each time in P group until the patient′s BIS value ≤65. The success of anesthesia induction, time for successful induction of anesthesia and rescue sedation were recorded. The occurrence of intraoperative injection pain, hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxemia, intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium, nausea and vomiting was also recorded. Results:Trial Ⅰ The ED 50 (95% CI) of remimazolam was 0.148 (0.139-0.157) mg/kg, and the ED 90 (95% CI) was 0.160 (0.153-0.202) mg/kg; the ED 50 (95% CI) of propofol was 0.824 (0.726-0.983) mg/kg, and the ED 90 (95% CI) was 0.916 (0.860-2.472) mg/kg. Trial Ⅱ Compared with group P, the time for successful induction of anesthesia was significantly prolonged, the incidence of intraoperative injection pain and hypotension was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the success rate of anesthesia induction, rate of rescue sedation, intraoperative hypertension, bradycardia, hypoxemia, postoperative delirium, and nausea and vomiting in group R ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The ED 50 and ED 90 of remimazolam for induction of general anesthesia are 0.148 and 0.160 mg/kg, respectively, in super-elderly patients. Compared to propofol, remimazolam has a slightly longer onset time, but it is safer when used for induction of general anesthesia in super-elderly patients.

Ras-associated domain family 1A (RASSF1A) genes are members of the RASSF family, which bind to Ras in a guanosine triphosphate(GTP)-dependent manner and then induce Ras-mediated apoptosis. The protein encoded by the RASSF1A gene is similar to the Ras effector protein, which can interact with DNA repair protein XPA, and can also inhibit the accumulation of cyclin D1, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest. The deletion or abnormal expression of RASSF1A gene is related to the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors, indicating that it has tumor suppressor function. RASSF1A gene methylation has been found in at least 37 tumors, and RASSF1A gene may be the most frequently described methylated gene in human cancers. In this paper, the abnormal methylation of RASSF1A gene in different malignant tumors was introduced, and the research progress of its related effects and mechanisms in malignant tumors of the respiratory system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and nervous system in recent years was reviewed, with a view to malignant tumors early diagnosis, individual molecular targeted therapy and prognostic evaluation provide important guidance.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of situational simulation combined with the Debriefing-GAS method in the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling.Methods:A total of 30 medical students of the five- and eight-year programs in the classes of 2017 and 2018 who received genetic counseling training in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as research subjects, and situational simulation combined with the debriefing-GAS method was used for the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling. Assessment was performed by the teacher to evaluate the change in genetic counseling abilities during the teaching process, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the degree of satisfaction with teaching among the students. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis; normally distributed continuous data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, non-normally distributed continuous data were expressed as M d(P 25,P75), and categorical data were expressed as frequency and rate; the paired samples t-test was used for comparison of assessment scores before and after teaching. Results:After teaching, there were significant increases in the assessment scores of genetic counseling [(74.5±18.6) points vs. (87.2±14.5) points, t=4.10, P<0.001] and comprehensive abilities such as clinical ability [(35.4±9.6) points vs. (41.1±6.9) points, t=3.72, P=0.001], doctor-patient communication [(17.5±4.6) points vs. (20.8±3.8) points, t=4.34, P<0.001], professional literacy [(11.0±2.5) points vs. (12.5±2.3) points, t=2.89, P=0.007], teamwork [(3.5±1.0) points vs. (4.2±0.8) points, t=3.67, P=0.001], and organizational effectiveness [(7.1±2.0) points vs. (8.3±1.7) points, t=2.94, P=0.006]. The questionnaire survey showed that the degree of satisfaction among students was rated above satisfaction for the reasonability of the implementation process and links of genetic counseling teaching [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], teaching quality [3.5 (3.0, 4.0) points], whether the teaching model could effectively increase the interest and initiative in learning [4.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], the improvement in theoretical knowledge [4.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], communication skills in genetic counseling [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points], and the understanding of related techniques and application prospect [3.0 (3.0, 4.0) points]. However, two students (6.7%) thought that this teaching model could not efficiently reach teaching objectives, since the teaching process was slightly complicated. Conclusions:Situational simulation combined with the debriefing-GAS method has achieved a good effect in the teaching of prenatal genetic counseling and can help undergraduates to master the theoretical knowledge of prenatal genetic counseling and improve their comprehensive clinical abilities, with a relatively high degree of satisfaction, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to synthesize a novel injectable alginate impression material and evaluate its accuracy. METHODS: Certain proportions of sodium alginate, trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate, potassium fluorotitanate, diatomaceous earth, and other ingredients were dissolved in water and mixed evenly with a planetary centrifugal mixer to obtain a certain viscosity base paste. Certain proportions of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, magnesium oxide, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were mixed evenly with a planetary centrifugal mixer to obtain the reactor paste with the same viscosity as the base paste. The base and reactor pastes were poured into a two-cylinder cartridge at a 2∶1 volume ratio. A gun device was used to accomplish mixing by compressing materials into a mixing tip. The samples were divided into three groups: injectable alginate impression materials (IA group) as the experimental group, and Jeltrate alginate impression materials (JA group) and Silagum-putty/light addition silicone rubber impression materials (SI group) as the two control groups. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the injectable alginate impression materials had a denser structure and fewer bubbles than the commercial alginate impression material. The accuracy of the three kinds of impression materials was evaluated by 3D image superposition. The deviations between the three test group models and the standard model (trueness) were 49.58 μm±1.453 μm (IA group), 54.75 μm±7.264 μm (JA group), and 30.92 μm±1.013 μm (SI group). The deviations of the models within each test group (precision) were 85.79 μm±8.191 μm (IA group), 97.65 μm±11.060 μm (JA group), and 56.51 μm±4.995 μm (SI group). Significant differences in trueness and precision were found among the three kinds of impression materials (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of the new injectable alginate impression material was better than that of the traditional powder-type alginate impression material but worse than that of the addition silicone rubber impression materials. The novel injec-table alginate impression material demonstrated good operation performance and impression accuracy, showing broad application prospect.
Alginates/chemistry* ; Silicone Elastomers/chemistry* ; Dental Impression Materials/chemistry* ; Powders