Objective To investigate outpatients' awareness of the essential medicine system and their intention to use it at county hospitals,analyze the problems in the implementation process and give suggestions.Methods Using questionnaires to survey randomly intercepted patients.Data so acquired were keyed in twice with Epidata 3.0 and SPSS 16.0 was used for analysis featuring descriptive statistics.Results Among the 1064 patients surveyed,only 159 (14.9％)have heard of essential medicines,and the top three ways of awareness were respectively from medical staff,television and Internet; patients pay most attention to drug efficacy in their daily life and the majority of them follow doctors' advices.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen promotions,formulate diversified publicity strategy,train doctors to guide patients to use essential medicines rationally.

Objective To study the resistance and molecular profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the clinical specimens.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with 56 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital from May to November 2011.The mecA and pvl genes were detected.The spa genetic types were analyzed.Results A total of 21 (37.5%)Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to methicillin (MRSA)and 35 (62.5%)were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA).Nineteen of the 21 (90.5%)MRSA strains carried mecA gene.Compared with MSSA,MRSA were much less sen-sitive to rifampin,fluoroqunolones,tetracycline and gentamicin (P <0.05).All the MRSA isolates were susceptible to vanco-mycin,linezolid,tigecycline,quinupristin-dalfopristin and nitrofurantoin.Six spa types were identified among the MRSA strains.Type t030 was the most prevalent,accounting for 66.7% (14/21)of all the MRSA strains.MRSA-t030 and MRSA-t002 were resistant to multiple antibiotics.Eighteen spa types were identified among the MSSA strains.Type t189,t377 and t034 were the top three spa types of MSSA,accounting for 14.3%,14.3% and 11.4%,respectively.A new MSSA spa typ-ing strain new1 was isolated from pus.There were five Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive isolates,3 of which was MSSA-t189 type. Conclusions Type t030 is the most prevalent spa type among clinical MRSA strains,which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics and widely spreads in the hospital setting.There are many different spa types a-mong the MSSA strains.Type t389,t377 and t034 are the top three spa types of MSSA.

Objective: To explore an effective long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature in predicting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the analysis on RNA sequencing data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and peritumoral tissues in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Methods: The clinical characteristics and RNA sequencing data of 377 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were obtained from TCGA database by the end of February 2018. Then, differentially expressed lncRNAs between 50 pairs of tumor and peritumoral tissues were explored using student’s t-test. Next, a lncRNA signature was established through LASSO Cox regression analysis. All the patients were divided into four groups (<P₂₅, P₂₅-, P₅₀-, ≥P₇₅) based on the cut-off quartiles signature. Finally, compared with the control group (<P₂₅), the hazard ratios (HRs) of three groups (P₂₅-, P₅₀-, ≥P₇₅) were calculated by using Cox regression. The survival outcomes of patients in the four groups were compared to evaluate the capacity of the lncRNA signature model. Results: A total of 951 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between tumor and peritumoral tissues. A three-lncRNA signature, including LNCSRLR, MKLN1-AS and ZFPM2-AS1, was established to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The outcome suggested that the death risk of the ≥P₇₅ group was 1.57 times larger than that of the <P₂₅ group (95%CI: 1.06-2.31, P<0.05). Conclusion The three-lncRNA signature, which established by LNCSRLR, MKLN1-AS and ZFPM2-AS1, was significantly associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on TCGA database data.

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)constitutes crucial elements within bacterial biofilms,facili-tating accelerated antimicrobial resistance and conferring defense against the host's immune cells.Developing precise and effective antibiofilm approaches and strategies,tailored to the specific charac-teristics of EPS composition,can offer valuable insights for the creation of novel antimicrobial drugs.This,in turn,holds the potential to mitigate the alarming issue of bacterial drug resistance.Current analysis of EPS compositions relies heavily on colorimetric approaches with a significant bias,which is likely due to the selection of a standard compound and the cross-interference of various EPS compounds.Considering the pivotal role of EPS in biofilm functionality,it is imperative for EPS research to delve deeper into the analysis of intricate compositions,moving beyond the current focus on polymeric materials.This ne-cessitates a shift from heavy reliance on colorimetric analytic methods to more comprehensive and nuanced analytical approaches.In this study,we have provided a comprehensive summary of existing analytical methods utilized in the characterization of EPS compositions.Additionally,novel strategies aimed at targeting EPS to enhance biofilm penetration were explored,with a specific focus on high-lighting the limitations associated with colorimetric methods.Furthermore,we have outlined the challenges faced in identifying additional components of EPS and propose a prospective research plan to address these challenges.This review has the potential to guide future researchers in the search for novel compounds capable of suppressing EPS,thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.This insight opens up a new avenue for exploration within this research domain.

OBJECTIVE To compare the phar macokinetics o f ligustrazine hydrochlori de，salvianic acid and rosemarinic acid from Shenxiong glucose injection （SGI）in normal and acute myocardial ischemia （AMI）rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group ，with 9 rats in each group. AMI model was established by isoproterenol hydrochloride modeling method. Three rats in each group were selected for model verification. The remaining 6 rats in each group were given SGI （1.2 mL/kg）or equal volum of normal saline via tail vein ；0.3 mL blood was collected through orbital venous bush 0.083，0.167，0.333，0.5，0.75，1，1.5，2，3，5 h after administration. Using luteoloside as internal standard ，the plasma concentrations of ligustrazine hydrochloride ，salvianic acid and rosemarinic acid were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by WinNonlin 8.1 software，and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software. RESULTS The linear ranges of ligustrazine hydrochloride ，salvianic acid and rosmarinic acid were 0.06-29.96，0.01-5.15 and 0.006-3.09 μ g/mL（all r＞0.99），respectively. The results of methodological investigation were all in line with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020 edition）. Compared with normal rats ，CLz of ligustrazine hydrochloride in AMI model rats was significantly increased （P＜0.05）；t1/2 and Vz of salvianic acid were significantly prolonged or increased （P＜0.05）；but the cmax and AUC 0－5 h were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；AUC0－5 h of rosmarinic acid was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The exposure levels of salvianic acid and rosmarinic acid in SGI are lower in AMI model rats than in normal rats ，and the elimination of ligustrazine hydrochloride in AMI model rats is stronger than that in normal rats.

A new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed. We aim to examine the associations of MAFLD, particularly its discordance from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the progression of elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and albuminuria in a community-based study sample in Shanghai, China. After 4.3 years of follow-up, 778 participants developed elevated baPWV and 499 developed albuminuria. In comparison with the non-MAFLD group, the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MAFLD group for new-onset elevated baPWV was 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.55) and 1.35 (95% CI 1.07-1.70) for albuminuria. Participants without NAFLD but diagnosed according to MAFLD definition were associated with higher risk of incident albuminuria (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.07-2.94). Patients with MAFLD with high value of hepamet fibrosis score or poor-controlled diabetes had higher risk of elevated baPWV or albuminuria. In conclusion, MAFLD was associated with new-onset elevated baPWV and albuminuria independently of body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Individuals without NAFLD but diagnosed as MAFLD had high risk of albuminuria, supporting that MAFLD criteria would be practical for the evaluation of long-term risk of subclinical atherosclerosis among fatty liver patients.
Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Albuminuria ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis* ; Vascular Stiffness ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology*