Occupational therapy provides protective and corrective non-surgical measures for carpal tunnel syndrome. The information gained from the assessment process can help the occupational therapists determine the targets and treatment options, including the nerve-gliding exercises, tendon-gliding exercises, production or select splints, modification of tasks resulting in patients with exacerbations, modification of equipment and environment, transformation of daily necessities. The education would cover the pathophysiology of carpal tunnel syndrome, treatment options (conservative management and surgery), posture and activity modification principles. This information can also be provided in the form of an education booklet which participants will be encouraged to review at home.

Objective To identify the correlation between vitamin D prescription and recurrence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods A randomized controlled trial study was performed in 170 RA patients who were in remission during the past 2 months.According to the level of vitamin D,170 RA patients were divided into normal vitamin D group (84 patients) and deficiency vitamin D group (86 patients).Deficiency vitamin D group were randomly allocated to receive vitamin D treatment(vitamin D treatment group) or without vitamin D treatment (control group).In the 6-month follow-up period,the recurrence status was observed and compared.Results In the 6-month follow-up period,the recurrence rate of RA in normal vitamin D group was 16.7％(14/84),in vitamin D treatment group was 19.0％(8/42) and in control group was 29.5％(13/44),and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).In vitamin D treatment group,no hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia occured.The age,course of disease and remission time in recurrence patients of three groups were no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The level of vitamin D in recurrence patients of vitamin D treatment group was higher than that in recurrence patients of control group:(25.5 ± 8.9) ng/L vs.(20.9 ± 8.6)ng/L,and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is not identified to be a risk factor for RA recurrence.Vitamin D does not reduce the recurrence of RA.

AIM: It is tested that the suppressive effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG ) on the migration, invasion and RhoA expression of human lung carcinoma 95-D cells and B16BL6 melanoma cells invasion in vivo,which will possibly help to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits the invasion of tumor cells. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of EGCG on the migration of 95-D cells was tested by cell migration assay. Cell invasion was analyzed by the matrigel invasion assay. Assay of tumor metastasis in an animal model, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of expression of RhoA was also performed. RESULTS:EGCG was effective in inhibiting the migration of 95-D cells in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG dose-dependently inhibited 95-D cells invasion in vitro and 40 μmol·L-1 EGCG exhibited 79.9% inhibition and EGCG 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 weeks inhibited B16BL6 melanoma cells invasion by 71.7% in vivo. EGCG could down-regulate the expression of RhoA. CONCLUSION: EGCG strongly inhibits metastasis of 95-D cells, and the mechanism of EGCG is possible associated with the inhibition of RhoA expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis combined with femur head necrosis. Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis combined with femur head necrosi were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis combined with femur head necrosi, male was in 5 cases, female was in 17 cases, age was 28-69 (56.3 ± 1.9) years, and the disease duration of rheumatoid arthritis was 4-30 (14.1 ± 1.2) years. All patients had ≥ 2 grade femur head necrosis, with bilateral femur head necrosis in 9 cases, right femur head necrosis in 9 cases and left femur head necrosis in 4 cases. Only 2 cases did not take glucocorticosteroid, and the other 20 cases used glucocorticosteroid in the long-term. The treatment was no standardized. The multiple fracture was found in 4 cases by X-ray examination (the patients had no history of trauma); 4 cases examined bone density, and the results showed they all were osteoporosis. Conclusions Rheumatoid arthritis combined with femur head necrosis is not uncommon. The majority of patients receive long-term glucocorticosteroid treatment. Treatment is not standardized, and some patients are combined with osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the leaching liquids of the pure titanium porcelain crowns with barium titanate coating on the proliferation of L929 cells,and to evaluate its cytotoxicity level.Methods:The L929 ceils were cultured in vitro with leaching liquids of titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating (group A),and titanium porcelain specimens(group B) for 1,3 and 5 days respectively.RPMI1640 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and 1％ phenol was served as the negative(group C) and positive control group(group D),respectively.MTT method was used to test the effects of barium titanate coating on the proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 cells,the cytotoxicity of the 4 groups was graded.Results:L929 cells of the group showed normal morphology and vigorous growth except group D.During the whole experiment,the absorbance values of group A was greater than that of group C(P ＜0.05).The cytotoxic gradation of group A grade 0.Conclusion:Titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating has a good cytocompatibility.

Polyacrylic acid was firstly grafted by N-amino-4-N-methylpiperazine-1,8-naphthlimide (AMN) to prepare a amphiphilic polymer, which was self-assembled in water producing nanoparticles called as PAAMN.Then the morphology, structure and fluorescence properties of PAAMN were investigated by various methods including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HNMR) and fluorescence spectroscopy.MTT assay was carried out to assess the cell compatibility of PAAMN.Finally, the fluorescence from PAAMN self and HeLa cells incubated with PAAMN was observed by fluorescence microscope.The results revealed that PAAMN had spherical structure, in which naphthlimide fluorphores were immobilized in the polyacrylic acid matrix with the degree of substitution of 4.1%.Under the physiological pH condition, PAAMN excited at 390 nm could emit strong and stable fluorescence at 534 nm.In the range of pH 4.0-10.0, its excitation and emission wavelengths had no obvious change.The fluorescence intensity of PAAMN increased with the decrease of pH values, but the pH sensitivity of PAAMN was much lower than that of AMN.PAAMN had good cell compatibility.From the pictures of fluorescence imaging, it was found that both PAAMN self and cells-engulfed PAAMN could emit green fluorescence upon excited at 390 nm, indicating the potential of the developed nanoparticle for cell imaging.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to neurones, adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and provide basis for the development of effective and low toxic differentiation inducing agents. Methods BMSCs were isolated from SPF Wistar rats, purified, expanded and cultured to family 3. The appropriate concentration of APS was filtered out by MTT assay. The F3 cells were randomly divided into control group and induced group (neural induction, adipogenic induction, osteogenic induction, cartilage induction). The effects of APS and classical chemical drugs on differentiation were measured by toluidine blue, oil red o and alizarin red staining. The protein expression of NSE, LPL, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅱ were examined by Western Blot. Results MTT assay showed that 1 g/L APS promoted the proliferation better than other concentrations especially in 48 hours. The morphologic change of the cell from BMSCs was uniformly positive to toluidine blue staining, and was negative to oil red o and alizarin red staining. Western blot showed that the protein expression of the cell from BMSCs was positive for NSE but negative for LPL, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅱ. Conclusion BMSCs induced by APS can differentiate to neurone and fail to differentiate to adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the value of lung sonography in diagnosis of neonatal pulmonary diseases and to provide a reliable and simple method for diagnosing neonatal pulmonary diseases.Methods From May 2012 to August 2012,105 newborns who admitted into Bayi Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study,including respiratory distress syndrome 40 cases (three of them with difficulty in withdrawing mechanical ventilation),meconium aspiration syndrome 17 cases,wet lung of newborn 17 cases and 30 health neonates without lung diseases.Lung ultrasound was performed at bedside by a single expert physician within the first 24 h of life.All patients with neonatal lung diseases were diagnosed by clinical manifestations,arterial blood gas analysis and chest X-ray.Results (1) Lung sonography of normal neonates showed hypo-echo (black),smooth and clear hyper-echoic pleural line.A line was hyper echo too.(2) All 40 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome showed lung consolidation with air bronchograms; abnormal pleural line,disappeared A-lines,pleural effusion and alveolar-interstitial syndrome.Five out of the 40 (12.5％)infants showed pleural effusion.(3) All 18 meconium aspiration syndrome infants showed focal lung consolidation under pleural membrane,alveolar-interstitial syndrome,atypical changes of abnormal pleural line and disappeared A-line in lesion area with lung sonography.(4) All infants with wet lung of newborn (100.0％,17/17) showed double lung point,with which all wet lung of newborn could be diagnosed.(5) Differential diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome with wet lung of newborn:five infants with severe dyspnea showedwhite lung in X-ray and were diagnosed as respiratory distress syndrome,while sonography only showed severe lung edema and one infant showed pleural effusion which was in accordance with wet lung of newborn,so was their courses of disease.(6) Three cases of respiratory distress syndrome showed dyspnea after withdrawing mechanical ventilation,and lung sonography showed local atelectasis but normal in X-ray.Conclusions Lung ultrasound has many advantages,such as accurate,reliable,no radiation damage,low-cost and simple; therefore,it is feasible in neonatal ward.

Objective To explore the influence of screening programme on awareness of cervical cancer prevention among 30 to 59 years old women who live in rural areas of Beijing.Methods A face-to-face cross-sectional survey on women's knowledge on cervical cancer prevention was conducted in 2008 and 2009 among subjects recurited by three-stage stratified random sampling.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that since the initiation of cervical cancer screening in Daxing District of Beijing,the overall awareness of cervical cancer was significantly increased among women residents,and the percentage of women with 5 or more correct answers was increased from 37.3％ to 51.0％ ( x2=62.06,P＜0.001).After adjusting confounding factors,multivariate analysis showedthat cervical cancer screening programme contributed to improved awareness of cervical cancer-related knowledge ( OR =1.853,95％ CI1.590 -2.159).In addition,current place of residence,education level,household income per-capita and screening history within 5 years were major factors affecting women's awareness of cervical cancer ( OR vales were 1.766,2.580,1.350 and1.676,respectively),and higher education level and personal income were correlated with increased awareness rate.ConclusionCervical cancer screening could improve general knowledge of cervical cancer,especially for those who have never participated in the screening programme.

Objective To explore the effects of prenatal taurine supplementation on the expression of protein kinase A(PKA) and c-fos,Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (GaMK Ⅱ) in fetal rat brains with intrauterine growth restriction and its significance.Methods Fifteen pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group,the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) group and the IUGR with prenatal taurine supplementation group(the taurine group),with 5 fetal rats in each group.All the fifteen fetal rat brains were detected as following:the expression of PKA,c-fos,CaMK Ⅱ mRNA in fetal rat brains was detected by way of real-time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR),while the expression changes of PKA,CaMK Ⅱ,and c-fos protein in fetal rat brains were detected by using Western blot,and the number of PKA,CaMK Ⅱ,c-fos positive cells in fetal rat brains was detected by using immunohistochemistry.Results The control group,the IUGR group and the taurine group:Comparison of the expression of PKA,CaMK Ⅱ,c-fos mRNA among 3 groups were of significant differences(F =7.934,P =0.021 ; F =5.568,P =0.043 ;F =7.332,P =0.024).Comparison of the expression of PKA,CaMK Ⅱ,c-fos protein among the 3 groups were of significant differences(F =57.743,P =0.000 ; F =163.405,P =0.000 ; F =160.136,P =0.000).Comparison of the number of PKA,CaMK Ⅱ,c-fos positive cells among the 3 groups were of significant differences (F =42.903,P =0.000 ;F =329.123,P =0.000 ; F =43.674,P =0.000).Compared with the control group,the expression of mRNA,protein,positive cells of three indicators in IUGR group was less,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of mRNA,protein,positive cells of three indicators in fetal rat brains of the taurine group were not different from the control group.The expression of mRNA,protein,positive cells of three indicators in fetal rat brains of the taurine group were significantly more than the IUGR group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Prenatal taurine supplementation can improve PKA-CaMK Ⅱ,c-fos mRNA and protein levels in fetal rat brain tissue with IUGR,and increase its number of positive cells and may enhance the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system,so as to reduce the IUGR brain injury and promote its role in brain development.