Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In the past few years, many studies showed that borneol can improve the bioavailability of other drugs, promoting drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, so the potential drug interactions between borneol and other medicines have attracted great attention, but the influence of borneol to CYP450 and its isoforms are rarely reported. In this research, male Wistar rats were orally administered by borneol for 7 days, then the mRNA and protein expression and the activities of CYP2D were detected, we also compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of CYP2D's specific substrate between control group and borneol group. The results show that borneol (33, 100 and 300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) have no significant effect on CYP2D, while the activites of CYP2D increased 1.71, 1.97 and 2.89 times comparing to the control group. At the same time, borneol (300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) caused the C(max) decreased 10.6% (P > 0.05), AUC(0-∞) decreased 27.5% (P < 0.01), CL/F increased 41.1% (P < 0.01), V(z)/F increased 23.1% (P > 0.05) of dextromethorphan. Our data provided that borneol speed up dextromethorphan's elimination in vivo. Since the activity of CYP2D can be induced by borneol, the metabolic interactions might happen when borneol and the substrate drug CYP2D are used together.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the leaching liquids of the pure titanium porcelain crowns with barium titanate coating on the proliferation of L929 cells,and to evaluate its cytotoxicity level.Methods:The L929 ceils were cultured in vitro with leaching liquids of titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating (group A),and titanium porcelain specimens(group B) for 1,3 and 5 days respectively.RPMI1640 containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and 1％ phenol was served as the negative(group C) and positive control group(group D),respectively.MTT method was used to test the effects of barium titanate coating on the proliferation of mouse fibroblast L929 cells,the cytotoxicity of the 4 groups was graded.Results:L929 cells of the group showed normal morphology and vigorous growth except group D.During the whole experiment,the absorbance values of group A was greater than that of group C(P ＜0.05).The cytotoxic gradation of group A grade 0.Conclusion:Titanium porcelain specimens with barium titanate coating has a good cytocompatibility.

Objective By the reform of vocational nursing Maternal and Child Care course teaching methods,to solve the problems existing in higher vocational curriculum in five-year nursing specialty such as too much repetition in teaching content,low learning interest and enthusiasm in students,and not being able to reach target level of personnel training effectively.Methods Higher vocational nursing class 2 (51students) were extracted as the experimental group,class 3 (50 students) were extracted as as the control group from grade 2009.The experimental group adopted the project teaching method,the control group used the traditional teaching method.At the end of the course,the results of knowledge and operating skills between the two groups were compared.Results The total scores of the experimental group were better than the control group in memorizing theoretical knowledge examination,interpretation,application.There were no differences in individual skill examination skills assessment between the two groups,comprehensive skills assessment and total scores of the experimental group was better than the control group.Conclusions Application of project teaching method in higher vocational nursing specialty maternal and child care course teaching in higher vocational cohesion.It can effectively avoid the repetition of teaching content which may lead to the low utilization rate in class,stimulate students' interest in learning,and develop students' comprehensive occupation ability,and make vocational course objectives to achieve high stage.

Objective To compare the differences between two statistical methods for evaluating non-sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobial agents,and explore effect of non-consideration of clinical background on evalua-ting extent of bacterial resistance.Methods Data of Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp .in a hospital in the first half year of 2008,2010 and 2013 were collected and conducted statistical analysis with two methods (me-thod 1 :based on all clinically isolated bacteria;method 2 :based on infection-related non-repetitive bacteria),two methods for evaluating bacterial non-sensitive rates to antimicrobial agents were compared.Results The non-sensi-tive rates of Acinetobacter spp .to various antimicrobial agents :statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 10.46%-33.77%;the non-sensitive rates of Staphylococcus aureus to various antimicrobial agents :except compound sulfamethoxazole in 2010 and 2013(difference were 6.17% and 10.21 % respectively),penicillin G (difference was 3.86%),erythromy-cin (difference was 2.71 %),and azithromycin in 2013 (difference was 2.43%),statistical results by using method 1 were generally higher than those using method 2,absolute difference between two statistical methods was 0-18.04%.Conclusion There are deviation in the non-sensitive rates of bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents by using two different statistical methods,deviation is larger in Acinetobacter spp ..The resistance level might be incorrectly higher when evaluating the resistance status without considering clinical background of bacteria.

Objective:To develop a method for the rapid determination of 15 elements such as Al,Ca,Cr,Mg,Zn,K,B,Sr, Cd,Ba,Pb,As,Sb,Na and Li in ibuprofen injection by ICP-MS. Methods:After diluted by 2% nitric acid solution,the samples was determined directly by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)with the online internal standard to correct matrix interference and signal drifting. Results:The detection limits of the method were ranged from 0. 031 to 5. 1 μg·L-1 . The average recoveries were within the range of 82. 6% -107% and RSDs were all less than 5% . Conclusion:The method is rapid, accurate and highly sensitive,which can provide technical support for the quality control of ibuprofen injection.

This study aims to investigate the current situation of the enrollment , training model and career planning of medical students in the targeted admission program .After analyzing the implementation process of this targeted admission policy in medical education , we raised some feasible strategies to increase the attraction and reten-tion of health professionals in rural China .The study covered 4 medical universities in central and western China .A cohort of 308 medical graduates from this targeted admission program were recruited in June 2015 .A baseline survey , including questionnaire survey , in-depth interviews and the focus group discussions , were conducted right before their graduation .The first follow-up online survey was done 6 months after their graduation .he findings of this investiga-tion show that 72.9%of the investigated students in the program used to live in rural areas before 15 years old.The average annual household income was 28,200 Yuan.The top three reasons of choosing this program were guaranteed job after graduation , low performance in the college entrance examination , and wavier of tuition fee .There were sig-nificant differences of implementation of this policy between different provinces , especially the contract-signing and job deployment .Income and working environment were the main influencing factors of the medical graduates 'job-see-king intention .Based on the findings of this study , it can be concluded that the targeted admission program is rather successful in attracting medical graduates for rural health services .However , extra efforts are needed to improve the implementation of the policy and to retain the medical graduates in rural area .

Objective To explore the relationship between gastric juice pH and hospital-acquired pneumonia ( HAP) , the gastric bacterial colonization and etiology of HAP in neurologic intensive care unit patients by monitoring gastric juice pH value.Methods From October 2014 to May 2015, consecutive seventy-two tube feeding patients admitted in the Department of Neurology Intensive Care Unit in Xijing Hospital were enrolled in this research.The type and concentration of pathogens from gastric contents were collected, while samples from upper respiratory tract and pharynx were detected dynamically at the same time.Results (1)The group with new onset HAP was higher in gastric juice pH (6.4(5.4,6.4) vs 5.4 (2.5, 6.4), Z=-2.37, P=0.01); (2) The isolation rate of colonized bacteria in gastric cavity was associated with the pH of gastric juice , achieving 60.8% ( 42/69 ) in HAP group; ( 3 ) When the gastric juice pH was >4, the isolation rate of Gram-negative bacilli in gastric cavity obviously increased (63.6%(28/44) vs 35.7%(10/28),χ2 =5.323, P=0.021); (4)The same pathogens were found in stomach-pharynx-upper respiratory tract in 7 cases ( 17.5%) of the total 40 HAP patients.Conclusion Increased gastric juice pH was associated with gastric colonization , especially Gram-negative bacilli , and may lead to a higher incidence of new onset HAP in patients on enteral feeding.

Objective To investigate the energy intake and complications of continuous and intermittent pump feeding in acute stroke patients and provide a theoretical evidence to support for clinical treatment.Methods From April 2012 to June 2016,69 acute srtoke patients on the nasogastric tube feeding and admitted in the Department of Neurology intensive care unit in Xijing Hospital were enrolled and randomly assigned to have continuous or intermittent pump feeding.The primary endpoint was the efficacy in supplying the desired amount of nutrients by the fifth day and complications(hospital-acquired pneumonia,diarrhea,gastric retention,gastrointestinal bleeding)during the first week.The secondary endpoint was nutritional assessments(albumin,prealbumin,transferrin,hypersensitive c-reactive protein)in the first week.Results Both groups were comparable in acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(13.3±4.7 vs.12.9±4.5),Glasgow coma scale[10(7.2,14)vs.9.5(7.7,12)],National Institute of Health stroke scale[17(15,19)vs.16(13,20)],and Barthel scores[5(0,12.5)vs.10(5,15)](all P>0.05).It was no significantly different in the achievement percentage of the energy determined in the fifth day [93.9％(77.9％,99.8％)in continuous group and 84.8％(75.7％,93.9％)in intermittent group(U=0.144,P>0.05).Intermittent pump feeding significantly reduced the rate of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the first week when compared with continuous pump feeding(58.3％vs.33.3％,X2=4.327,P=0.038),and both groups displayed a moderate number of digestive complications without significant differences,including diarrhea(30.6％vs.27.3％,X2=0.09,P=0.764),gastric retention(2.78％vs.3.03％,X2=0.001,P=1.000),and gastrointestinal bleeding(5.56％vs.9.10％,X2=0.010,P=0.920).No difference could be demonstrated in serum protein markers between two groups in the first week,including prealbumin[0.17(0.13,0.20)g/L vs.0.18(0.15,0.24)g/L,P=0.195),transferrin[1.90(1.52,2.20)g/L vs.1.94(1.65,2.06)g/L,P=0.747),and hypersensitive C-reactive protein[22.5(8.3,50.1)mg/L vs.14.6(6.5,30.5)mg/L,P=0.205].Conclusions Both continuous and intermittent pump feeding can reach the target predictive nutrition(100％of calculated caloric requirements)without statistical differences in the incidences of gastrointestinal complications,and the rate of HAP is lower in intermittent group.Intermittent enteral nutrition can be used as an appropriate method of enteral nutrition support to improve the nutritional status in critically acute stroke patients.

Objective To study the resistance and molecular profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the clinical specimens.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with 56 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital from May to November 2011.The mecA and pvl genes were detected.The spa genetic types were analyzed.Results A total of 21 (37.5%)Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to methicillin (MRSA)and 35 (62.5%)were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA).Nineteen of the 21 (90.5%)MRSA strains carried mecA gene.Compared with MSSA,MRSA were much less sen-sitive to rifampin,fluoroqunolones,tetracycline and gentamicin (P <0.05).All the MRSA isolates were susceptible to vanco-mycin,linezolid,tigecycline,quinupristin-dalfopristin and nitrofurantoin.Six spa types were identified among the MRSA strains.Type t030 was the most prevalent,accounting for 66.7% (14/21)of all the MRSA strains.MRSA-t030 and MRSA-t002 were resistant to multiple antibiotics.Eighteen spa types were identified among the MSSA strains.Type t189,t377 and t034 were the top three spa types of MSSA,accounting for 14.3%,14.3% and 11.4%,respectively.A new MSSA spa typ-ing strain new1 was isolated from pus.There were five Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive isolates,3 of which was MSSA-t189 type. Conclusions Type t030 is the most prevalent spa type among clinical MRSA strains,which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics and widely spreads in the hospital setting.There are many different spa types a-mong the MSSA strains.Type t389,t377 and t034 are the top three spa types of MSSA.

Objective To observe the rotation of subendocardium and subepidium by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI),and to evaluate its performance in diastolic heart failure patients(DHF)with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. MethodsNinety-seven consecutive clinically stable patients were enrolled in this study [41 healthy controls,36 with diastolic heart failure,20 with systolic heart failure (SHF)]. High frame rate dynamic two-dimensional images were recorded at the left ventricular short-axis view,including basal, papillary muscle and apical planes. Subendocardial and subepicardial global rotation were measured using Q-lab 7.0 software offline. Results ① In all the subjects, the rotation of the subendocardium was obviously greater than that of subepicardium. ②As seen from the apex,left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium performed a wringing motion with a clockwise rotation at the base and countclockwise rotation at the apex. ③In the apical plane, subendocardial rotation was significantly lower in both heart failure groups than in controls,and was depressed to a larger extent in SHF patients than in those with DHF. Subepicardial rotation was no significant difference between the DHF group and the control group, though it was significantly lower in patients with SHF. ④At the base, the rotation of subendocardium and subepicardium were not different between DHF and control groups, but it was significantly reduced in patients with SHF. Conclusions The subendocardial rotation is reduced, but subepicardial rotation is normal in DHF patients. On the other hand, in patients with SHF, subendocardial and subepicardial rotation are both reduced. The left ventricular systolic properties are impaired in DHF patients.