Objective To evaluate the predictive value of electrocardiogram in localizing the occlusion site in the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) in acute anterior myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods According to the coronary angiogram,all patients with AMI were divided into two groups:one(the PS group) was a collection of patients(n=61) whose occlusion sites were proximal to the first septal branch(S1) and the other(the DS group) was a collection of patients(n=40) whose occlusion site were distal to S1.Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in prediction of the occlusion site in LAD were calculated based on the measurements and incidence of ST segments deviation on electrocardiogram(ECG).Results The sensitivity and specificity for prediction of occlusion site being proximal to S1 in LAD using ECG were as follow:43% and 85%(P=0.004) for ST elevation in lead aVR,16% and 97%(P=0.031) for ST elevation≥1.5 mm in lead aVL,39% and 85%(P=0.009) for ST depression≥1.0 mm in lead Ⅱ,23% and 98%(P=0.005)for ST depression ≥2.0 mm in lead Ⅲ,38% and 88%(P=0.006) for ST depression ≥1.0 mm in lead aVF,20% and 86%(P=0.037) for ST depression in lead V5,18% and 100%(P=0.005) for ST elevation in lead aVR together with ST depression in leads V5,30% and 93%(P=0.008) for ST elevation in lead aVR together with ST depression in leads V6.The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of occlusion site being distal to S1 were 53% and 90%(P=0.000)ST elevation or unchanged in lead Ⅲ,50% and 82%(P=0.001) for ST elevation in lead V5.There were no significant difference in infarction size and left ventricle ejection fraction between the two groups.Conclusion(1) ST elevation in lead aVR together with ST depression in leads V5 and V6,obvious ST depression in the inferior leads,and ST elevation in leads I and aVL were all indication of occlusion in LAD proximal to S1.(2) ST elevation or unchanged in inferior leads(especially in lead Ⅲ),and marked ST elevation in lead V5 indicated that the occlusion site in LAD was distal to S1.

Pain is one of the most common and difficult to control symptoms of cancer patients, which seriously affects the patient's physical and mental health as well as quality of life. Patients have problems such as low level of knowledge about cancer pain, poor initiative and participation in pain management, and insufficient self-management ability. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out home self-management of cancer pain patients, strengthen the education of cancer pain knowledge and response, and give full play to the subjective initiative of patients, so that they can have a deep understanding of cancer pain. This article reviews the home self-management support methods for cancer pain patients, with a view to providing references for further support and improvement of home self-management for cancer pain patients.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a scientific foundation for cosmetic supervision and administration based on the analysis of the sanitary quality of cosmetics in Hunan Province during 2010. METHODS: According to Cosmetic Sanitary Standards (set by the Ministry of Health, People's Republic of China), 150 random samples of cosmetics in Hunan were assayed both for microbial items (including total plate count, fungus and yeast, fecal coliform, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa) and chemical items (including 17 kinds of prohibited substances and 14 kinds of restricted substances). RESULTS: The total rate of cosmetics failing to meet the standards was 22.0% of the 150 samples; specific rates for failing perfumes, skin care products (eye cream) and deodorant products were, relatively, 70.6%, 60.00%, and 44.4%. Four kinds of prohibited substances, including diethyl phthalate, acrylamide, asbestos and neodymium, as well as 2 kinds of restricted substances, including triclosan and formaldehyde, were found to exceed standards. None of microbial items exceeded standard levels. CONCLUSION The sanitary quality control of cosmetics is lax. Administrative departments should not only reinforce their post-production supervision with respect to cosmetics, but also consolidate their control over the process of cosmetic production in order to solve the problem of toxic residues or illegal and intentional adulterations.
China ; Cosmetics ; analysis ; chemistry ; standards ; Formaldehyde ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Phthalic Acids ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Staphylococcus aureus ; isolation & purification

Prohibited substances in cosmetics refer to substances which must not be among the raw material ingredients of cosmetic products. These substances are absorbed mostly through skin, as well as via lung and gastrointestinal tract. Polyacrylamide is ubiquitously used in industry and its decomposition residue acrylamide (ACR) easily finds its way into cosmetic products. ACR can either be oxidized to epoxide glycidamide or conjugated with glutathione, hemoglobin or DNA; ultimately it is excreted in urine. ACR causes neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and tumors in rodents. Occupational exposure to ACR causes neurotoxicity in humans; however, epidemiological evidence have not unambiguously answered the question of whether ACR exposure can increase cancer risk for humans.
Acrylamide ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; China ; Cosmetics ; chemistry ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To study the relevant information on the label of health food in Changsha, and provide scientific evidence for health food hygienic supervision. METHODS: Investigation was conducted in department stores, supermarkets, pharmacies, and wholesale markets in the 5 districts in Changsha with multistage stratified sampling method. Self designed basic information of health food questionnaire was used to investigate the quality of labels the health food products. RESULTS: Among the 408 random samples, the unidentified rates of label items were ranked in descending order: functional components (49.8%), unsuited community (27.9%), manufacturing date (23.0%), approval number and others (9.6%). The qualified rates of labels were different in different management types (χ(2)=59.793, P<0.05): the highest rate was in supermarkets (71.15%), followed by pharmacies (70.07%), shopping malls (57.47%), and wholesale markets (26.23%). CONCLUSION The supervision of label identities of health food should be strengthened, especially for the health food in the wholesale markets.
China ; Dietary Supplements ; Food Labeling ; Food, Organic ; Humans ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Our primary health care institution began to implement national essential medicine system in 2009. In past fi ve years, the goal of national essential medicine system has been initially achieved. For examples, medicine price is steadily reducing, the quality of medical services is improving and residents' satisfaction is substantial increasing every year. However, at the same time, we also found some urgent problems needed to be solved. For examples, the range of national essential medicine is limited, which is difficult to guarantee the quality of essential medication. In addition, how to compensate the primary health care institution is still a question.
China ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Primary Health Care ; organization & administration

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nutrition and food safety education among middle school students in a poverty-stricken county in west China, and to explore the better education model for further education. METHODS: Students of grade 7 to 9 were selected from 4 middle schools in the country through multi-stage cluster sampling for the questionnaire, and the schools were assigned into an intervention group or a control group. After students in the intervention schools completed one year nutrition and food safety education with the textbooks, students were chosen from the same 4 schools to finish the same questionnaire again. RESULTS: A total of 410 students from grade 7 to 9 were selected at the baseline study, and 474 students in the final study. The essential characteristics of the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the baseline investigation, the differences in the scores on nutrition and food safety knowledge, attitude and practice between the 2 groups were not significant (P>0.05). In the final study, the scores on the knowledge, attitude of nutrition knowledge learning, and dietary habits among students in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). School-students mixed model demonstrated that the intervention was protective factor on scores of knowledge, in particular with nutrition related diseases and reasonable diet (P<0.05). But the intervention didn't affect the scores on attitude in both ways (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Nutrition and food safety education can improve the nutrition and food safety knowledge effectively. The curriculum should be further standardized and different emphases should be set up to different grades to cultivate healthy diet behaviors.
China ; Diet ; Food Safety ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Nutritional Sciences ; education ; Poverty ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To elucidate the transmission dynamic and epidemic trend of bancroftian filariasis occurred under the condition with no control measure taken 5 years after elimination of filariasis.Methods A 10-year longitudinal observation (from 1984 to 1994) was made in Huayuan Village in Shengli Township of Tancheng County, which used to be a high bancroftian filariasis-endemic area in southern part of Shandong Province.Results The microfilarial rate decreased from 0.56% before the study to 0.12% after the study and 8 out of the 9 previous microfilaria-positive cases became negative gradually. During the study period, 6 new microfilaremia cases were detected, 5 of which became negative naturally within 3 to 4 years. Eighty-eight point eight nine per cent of the detected patients with microfilaremia converted into IgG4-negative after 10 years. The natural infective rate of vectors decreased year by year and became zero by the tenth year of the study, the annual transmission potency decreased also from 3.47 to zero by the tenth year.Conclusions It showed that under the local natural environment the biting rate representing the vector density which was obtained by capture method was from 24.1 to 52.5 person/night among the residents who did not use mosquito nets,and 13.5 to 21 person/night among the residents who used mosquito nets. The microfilarial rate of 0.56% in population with the average microfilarial density of 6.6 to 20.7 capita/60 μl ear blood of residual microfilaria-positive patients might be considered as the terminal threshold of transmission.

Objective To investigate the effect of Alogliptin benzoate on the serum autophagy markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods Eighty newly diagnosed T2DM patients who visited the Department of Endocrinology in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from December 2021 to October 2022 were randomly divided into a group treated with Metformin(Met group,n=40)and a group treated with Met and Alog(Met+Alog group,n=40).The differences in BMI,WHR,FPG,HbA1c,Atg7 and Beclin-1 between two groups before and after 12 weeks of treatment were compared.Results After treatment,the levels of Atg7 and Beclin-1 increased in both groups(P<0.05),while FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR decreased(P<0.05).After treatment,Atg7,Beclin-1 and HDL-C in Met+Alog group were higher than those in Met group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Atg7 was negatively correlated with BMI,FPG and HbA1c(P<0.05);Beclin-1 was positively correlated with HDL-C(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with BMI,FPG,HbA1c,and TG(P<0.05).Meta linear regression analysis showed that BMI was the influencing factor of Atg7,while BMI and HDL-C were the influencing factors of Beclin-1.Conclusion Alogliptin benzoate may improve islet β cell function by up-regulating the expression of autophagy related factors Atg7 and Beclin-1 in patients with T2DM.

Nursing informatics competency is the comprehensive ability of knowledge, attitude and skills exhibited by clinical nurses in various nursing informatics activities, which has become the basic condition for engaging in clinical work, and is a necessary professional core ability and necessary quality. At present, the nursing informatics competency of clinical nurses in China needs to be improved, and a training system in line with national conditions is urgently needed to guide the cultivation of clinical nursing informatics talents. This study summarizes the relevant research on the cultivation of clinical nurses' nursing informatics competency at home and abroad, understands the current status of clinical nurses' informatics competency training, so as to provide a reference for the cultivation of clinical nurses' nursing informatics competency and the construction of training programs.