This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of closing the small bowel in an ex vivo porcine model with high-frequency welding device. A total of 100 porcine small bowels were divided into two groups, and then were closed with two different methods. The fifty small bowels in experimental group were closed by the high-frequency welding device, and the other fifty small bowels in comparison group were hand-sutured. All the small bowels were subjected to leak pressure testing later on. The speed of closure and bursting pressure were compared. The 50 porcine small bowels closed by the high-frequency welding device showed a success rate of 100%. Compared with the hand-sutured group, the bursting pressures of the former were significantly lower (P<0.01) and the closing process was significantly shorter (P<0.01). The pathological changes of the closed ends mainly presented as acute thermal and pressure induced injury. Experimental results show that the high-frequency welding device has higher feasibility in closing the small bowel.
Animals ; Feasibility Studies ; Intestine, Small ; surgery ; Suture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Swine

Objective To carry out a Meta-analysis on the published data to evaluate voice after laser surgery versus radiotherapy of T1a glottic carcinoma.Methods The major medical-related databases were used in this study including PubMed, Web of Science,Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI and Wanfang Date.The articles by two co-authors at the same time were screened to read the relevant literatures, extraction of data and research related to the purpose from the selected literature.Results According the necessary conditions,fourteen literatures was included finally, and statistical analysis results showed that owing to the meta-analysis of the maximum time of speech (MPT) [test for overall effect:Z=2.65,MD=-2.26,95%CI(-3.94,-0.59),P=0.008] and the fundamental frequency (F0) [test for overall effect:Z=7.49,MD=14.41,95%CI(10.14,18.19),P<0.000 01], radia-tion therapy was superior to laser surgery,but the Meta-analysis of voice handicap index (VHI) [test for overalleffect:Z=1.04,MD=5.86,95%CI(-5.22,16.94),P=0.30], jitter[test for overall effect:Z=1.43,MD=0.75,95%CI(-0.28,1.79),P=0.15], shimmer[test for overall effect:Z=1.26,MD=1.07,95%CI(-0.60,2.75,P=0.21] and Airflow rate(AFR) [test for overall effect:Z=0.42,MD=21.46,95%CI(-78.79,121.72),P=0.67] don''t show statistically significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion The radiation therapy is slightly superior to the laser surgery in protecting voice in the treatment of T1a glottic carcinoma.

Objective To study the biological characteristics of cypermethrin?resistance strain and?susceptible strain of Ae?des albopictus under different controlled temperatures in the laboratory. Methods The two strains were raised at three different temperatures 20 25℃and 28℃respectively and the biological characteristics of the two mosquito strains such as reproduc?tion development and life expectancy were observed and recorded in the laboratory. Results The life expectancy of both strains became shorter as the temperature raised and the resistant strain 69.37%± 0.01% 77.04%± 0.07% lived shorter than the susceptible strain 85.24%±0.03% 88.23%±0.05% in average. Under 25℃ the hatching rate of resistant strain decreased by 25.88% and the pupation rate decreased by 11.18%. In the three temperatures all the life expectancy expanded as the tem?perature went up the periods for the susceptible strain were 19.75±0.10 23.65±0.07 d and 25.08±0.08 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. While life expectancy for the resistant strain decreased to 17.21±0.09 20.95±0.09 22.58±0.10 d. Under the same tem?perature the development timing of the resistance strain was longer than that of the susceptible strain and the period was the longest under 28 ℃ 156.2 h 137.1 h . In the three temperatures all the development periods expanded as the temperature went up the susceptible and resistant larvae developed 137.1 d and 163.3 d 247.7 d and 156.2 d 182.3 d and 263.2 d under 28 25℃and 20℃. The differences show statistic significance P<0.05 . Conclusion The resistance of A. albopictus to cy?permethrin results in the decrease of adaptability to the environment change and the disadvantage of reproduction at different temperatures.

OBJECTIVE1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) is a solid oxidizing biocide for water disinfection. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of BCDMH on zebrafish.

METHODSThe developmental toxicity of BCDMH on zebrafish embryos and the dose-effect relationship was determined. The effect of BCDMH exposure on histopathology and tissue antioxidant activity of adult zebrafish were observed over time.

RESULTSExposure to 4 mg/L BCDMH post-fertilization was sufficient to induce a number of developmental malformations, such as edema, axial malformations, and reductions in heart rate and hatching rate. The no observable effects concentration of BCDMH on zebrafish embryo was 0.5 mg/L. After 96 h exposure, the 50% lethal concentration (95% confidence interval (CI)) of BCDMH on zebrafish embryo was 8.10 mg/L (6.15-11.16 mg/L). The 50% inhibitory concentration (95% CI) of BCDMH on hatching rate was 7.37 mg/L (6.33-8.35 mg/L). Histopathology showed two types of responses induced by BCDMH, defensive and compensatory. The extreme responses were marked hyperplasia of the gill epithelium with lamellar fusion and epidermal peeling. The histopathologic changes in the gills after 10 days exposure were accompanied by significantly higher catalase activity and lipid peroxidation.

CONCLUSIONThese results have important implications for studies on the toxicity and use of BCDMH and its analogs.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Disinfectants ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; drug effects ; Hydantoins ; toxicity ; Time Factors ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; toxicity ; Zebrafish

Our primary health care institution began to implement national essential medicine system in 2009. In past fi ve years, the goal of national essential medicine system has been initially achieved. For examples, medicine price is steadily reducing, the quality of medical services is improving and residents' satisfaction is substantial increasing every year. However, at the same time, we also found some urgent problems needed to be solved. For examples, the range of national essential medicine is limited, which is difficult to guarantee the quality of essential medication. In addition, how to compensate the primary health care institution is still a question.
China ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Primary Health Care ; organization & administration

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nutrition and food safety education among middle school students in a poverty-stricken county in west China, and to explore the better education model for further education. METHODS: Students of grade 7 to 9 were selected from 4 middle schools in the country through multi-stage cluster sampling for the questionnaire, and the schools were assigned into an intervention group or a control group. After students in the intervention schools completed one year nutrition and food safety education with the textbooks, students were chosen from the same 4 schools to finish the same questionnaire again. RESULTS: A total of 410 students from grade 7 to 9 were selected at the baseline study, and 474 students in the final study. The essential characteristics of the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the baseline investigation, the differences in the scores on nutrition and food safety knowledge, attitude and practice between the 2 groups were not significant (P>0.05). In the final study, the scores on the knowledge, attitude of nutrition knowledge learning, and dietary habits among students in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). School-students mixed model demonstrated that the intervention was protective factor on scores of knowledge, in particular with nutrition related diseases and reasonable diet (P<0.05). But the intervention didn't affect the scores on attitude in both ways (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Nutrition and food safety education can improve the nutrition and food safety knowledge effectively. The curriculum should be further standardized and different emphases should be set up to different grades to cultivate healthy diet behaviors.
China ; Diet ; Food Safety ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Nutritional Sciences ; education ; Poverty ; Schools ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To elucidate the transmission dynamic and epidemic trend of bancroftian filariasis occurred under the condition with no control measure taken 5 years after elimination of filariasis.Methods A 10-year longitudinal observation (from 1984 to 1994) was made in Huayuan Village in Shengli Township of Tancheng County, which used to be a high bancroftian filariasis-endemic area in southern part of Shandong Province.Results The microfilarial rate decreased from 0.56% before the study to 0.12% after the study and 8 out of the 9 previous microfilaria-positive cases became negative gradually. During the study period, 6 new microfilaremia cases were detected, 5 of which became negative naturally within 3 to 4 years. Eighty-eight point eight nine per cent of the detected patients with microfilaremia converted into IgG4-negative after 10 years. The natural infective rate of vectors decreased year by year and became zero by the tenth year of the study, the annual transmission potency decreased also from 3.47 to zero by the tenth year.Conclusions It showed that under the local natural environment the biting rate representing the vector density which was obtained by capture method was from 24.1 to 52.5 person/night among the residents who did not use mosquito nets,and 13.5 to 21 person/night among the residents who used mosquito nets. The microfilarial rate of 0.56% in population with the average microfilarial density of 6.6 to 20.7 capita/60 μl ear blood of residual microfilaria-positive patients might be considered as the terminal threshold of transmission.

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial public health burden, and it is increasingly affecting populations in Asian countries. The overall prevalence of CRC is reported to be low in Asia when compared with that in Western nations, yet it had the highest number of prevalent cases. This review described the prevalence of CRC in Asia according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer from World Health Organization (WHO) database and summarized its major risk factors. Non-modifiable factors include genetic factors, ethnicity, age, gender, family history and body height; smoking, alcohol drinking, weight, Westernized diet, physical inactivity, chronic diseases and microbiota were involved in environmental factors. These risk factors were separately discussed in this review according to published literature from Asian countries. CRC screening has been playing an important role in reducing its disease burden. Some recommendations on its screening practices have been formulated in guidelines for Asia Pacific countries.
Alcohol Drinking ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Chronic Disease ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diet ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; International Agencies ; Mass Screening ; Microbiota ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; World Health Organization

Objective To analyze the seroepidemiology characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in children in Shenyang.Methods From June 2022 to May 2023,serum was collected from 12 083 children at Shengjing hospital of China Medical University.Serum capsid antigen(VCA)-IgM,VCA-IgG,EBV nuclear antigen-IgG(EBNA-IgG),and early antigen-IgG(EA-IgG)antibodies were detected using the LIAISION chemiluminescence immunoassay.EBV-DNA was detected using real-time PCR.Differences in antibody positivity rates between sexes,ages,and seasons of onset were compared.Results In 12 083 patients,the positive rates of VCA-IgM,VCA-IgG,EBNA-IgG,and EA-IgG were 9.95％(1 202/12 083),50.57％(6 110/12 083),46.03％(5 562/12 083)and 4.93％(596/12 083).The positive rates of VCA-IgM and EA-IgG were lower in male patients(9.09％and 4.44％,respectively)than in female patients(11.10％,5.60％;all P＜0.05).The differences in the positive rates for VCA-IgM,VCA-IgG,EBNA-IgG,and EA-IgG antibodies in children of different ages were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Differences in the positive rates of VCA-IgG,EBNA-IgG,and EA-IgG antibodies were statistically significant when compared between seasons(all P＜0.05).Fourteen EBV antibody-positive combinations were detected,of which the main combination was VCA-IgG and EBNA-IgG double-positive,with a total of 4 741 cases(39.24％).Of the 3 712 children who underwent EBV-DNA detection testing,3 034(81.73％)were EBV-DNA-negative and 678(18.27％)were EBV-DNA-posi-tive.VCA-IgG and EBNA-IgG double positivity was the most common in EBV-DNA-negative and EBV-DNA-positive children,accounting for 983(26.48％)and 194 cases(5.23％),respectively.Conclusion Both VCA-IgG and EBNA-IgG antibodies are main positive in children with EBV infection in Shenyang.The positive rate of EBV antibodies is lower in boys than in girls.The positive rates of EBV anti-bodies differ in children of different ages and seasons of onset.