Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic values of quantitative DTI and MRS in AIDS-related cerebral tuberculosis. Methods 17 cases confirmed with AIDS and brain tuberculosis,16 volunteers were recruited to perform routine MRI,DTI and MRS sequences. Morphological characteristics of lesions were observed.ADC,FA,rADC,rFA,NAA/Cho,NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of the lesions solid areas,edematous areas,normal areas and contralateral corresponding normal areas were measured and their variances in different areas were analyzed. Results Significant differences of the values were observed among the three regions of AIDS-related brain tuberculosis,the results of multiple comparisons between the three areas had statistical significances (P <0.05)excepted NAA/Cr between edematous and contralateral areas.ADC,FA,rADC,rFA,NAA/Cho,NAA/Cr on solid areas were lower than that on edematous areas,Cho/Cr on solid areas was higher than that on other two areas.The diagnostic efficiency of rFA value to distinguish solid and edematous areas was the highest by ROC analysis(P <0.05).The normal areas of the two groups had statistical significances(P <0.05)excepted Cho/Cr.Conclusion DTI is valuable to display the lesions micro-structure changes and MRS can reflect the early pathology metabolites changes of AIDS-related tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the change rules of the lumbar vertebral bone marrow fat fraction(FF)and T2* values at different bone mineral density(BMD)groups,and their relevances and the applications on the diagnosis of the primary osteoporosis. Methods The patients who underwent the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)and the routine lumbar MRI scan,mDIXON-Quant scan were collected,and the BMD,T-score,FF and T2* values of L1-L4 were measured.According to the T-score,the vertebral bodies were divided into the normal group,the osteopenia group and the osteoporosis group.The differences of the FF,T2* values and BMD between each group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,and their correlations with BMD were analyzed by Pearson correlation,the diagnostic effects of them were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve).Results The differences of the FF ,T2 * values and BMD among the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0 .05) .The correlations of the FF and T2 * values with BMD were negative (r = - 0 .628 ,P < 0 .05 and r = - 0 .468 ,P < 0 .05 ,respectively) .The area under curve (AUC) of the FF and T2 * values were 0 .82 ± 0 .03 ,0 .79 ± 0 .03 ,respectively .Conclusion mDIXON-Quant which can accuratly quantify fat content could evaluate the lumbar vertebral bone marrow fat content ,reflect the changes of the bone quality ,provide valuable information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis ,and is helpful to predict the risks of the lumbar fragility fracture.

Objective To evaluate the dose response and prognosis of patients with stage ⅠE primary ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (POAml) treated with radiotherapy.Methods Clinical date of 93 patients (117 eyes) with stage ⅠE POAml treated from November 2003 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The dose response was evaluated by observing the ocular changes in exophthalmos.The survival rate was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.The log-rank test and univariate analysis were used for prognostic analysis.Results For patients treated with a dose of ≥ 27 Gy,the response rate of exophthalmos was 69.0％(29/42).The median response dose was 7.2 Gy (5.4-19.8 Gy).For all patients,the local control rate was 100％.The 5-and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 92％ and 82％.The 5-and 10-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rates were equally 98％.The 5-and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate were 90％ and 88％.The univariate prognostic analysis demonstrated that the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and age were the prognostic factors of PFS rate (both P=0.04).Conclusions POAml is sensitive to radiation therapy.Radiotherapy alone can yield excellent local control and long-term survival in POAml patients.A prescription dosage of 18 Gy dose can obtain favorable clinical efficacy.

Objective To summarize the practice experience of establishing a stable abdominal heart transplantation model combined with tail vein injection in mice. Methods In the preliminary experiment, 50 pairs of donor and recipient Kunming mice received isotransplantation, 40 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice underwent isotransplantation. In the formal experiment, 10 pairs of donor and recipient C57BL/6J mice received isotransplantation, 30 pairs of Balb/c mice as the donor and C57BL/6J mice as the recipient received allotransplantation. The time of each step of the heart transplantation (including harvesting and dressing of the donor heart, vascular anastomosis of the recipient, etc.) was recorded. The duration of transplanted heart beat and the survival time of the recipient was observed daily after operation. The time required for tail vein injection in the transplanted mice was recorded. Pathological examination of the transplanted heart was performed at 30 d after isotransplantation (n=5) and 7 d after allotransplantation (n=5). Results In the formal experiment, the success rate of heart transplantation was 90%. The harvesting and dressing time of donor heart was (13.9±0.6) min. The cold ischemia time of the recipient was (14.2±1.2) min. The vascular anastomosis time was (34.2±3.1) min. The total operation time was (86.6±5.4) min. Postoperatively, the transplanted heart of the mice undergoing isotransplantation survived longer than 100 d. Pathological examination at postoperative 30 d demonstrated only a slight amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The survival time of the mice receiving allotransplantation was (7.2±0.5) d due to rejection reaction. At postoperative 7 d, pathological examination showed a large quantity of inflammatory cells infiltrating into the myocardium, manifested with acute cellular rejection. The success rate reached 90% after over 200 times of tail vein injection. Conclusions In this study, a stable mouse abdominal heart transplantation model is successfully established. The mouse models in the preliminary experiment can be utilized for tail vein injection.

Objective: To explore whether Integrated Early Childhood Development (IECD) program has effectively improved the nurturing care for children aged 0-35 months in rural China. Methods: IECD has been implemented by the government of China with support from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in four poverty-stricken rural counties since 2014. The interventions targeting the five key components of nurturing care (i.e. child and caregiver health, child nutrition, early learning support, child protection and social security) were delivered through the IECD program to children aged 0 to 35 months and their caregivers. A population-based intervention trial was designed to evaluate intervention effectiveness with data collected in 2013 (baseline) and 2016 (mid-term). The changes of nurturing care in the intervention and control group were analyzed by using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. This approach provided adjustment for sociodemographic and other confounding factors. Results: The baseline and mid-term survey enrolled 1 468 and 1 384 children in the intervention group, and 1 485 and 1 361 in the control group. After two years of implementation, the prevalence of caregiver's depression in the intervention group showed a decrease of 9.1% (mid-term 34.8% (479/1 377) vs. baseline 43.9% (621/1 414)), whereas that in control group showed a decrease of 1.6% (mid-term 34.3% (464/1 353) vs. baseline 35.9% (509/1 419)). With the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the decrease of the caregiver's depression prevalence in the intervention group was 7.0% greater than that in the control group (P=0.008). The qualified rate of minimum meal frequency in the intervention group showed an increase of 10.4% (mid-term 69.0% (532/771) vs. baseline 58.6% (481/821)), whereas the qualified rate in the intervention group showed an increase of 2.9% (mid-term 66.4% (469/706) vs. baseline 63.5% (508/800)). With the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the increase of the qualified rate in the intervention group was 8.2% greater than that in the control group (P=0.021). The proportion of violent discipline by caregivers in the intervention group showed a decrease of 6.2% (mid-term 49.1% (478/973) vs. baseline 55.3% (554/1 001)), whereas the proportion in control group showed an increase of 4.5% (mid-term 58.4% (560/959) vs. baseline 53.9% (558/1 036)), and with the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the difference in increase rate between two groups was 11.0% (P=0.001). The proportion of families with three or more children's books in the intervention group showed an increase of 12.7% (mid-term 42.7% (588/1 378) vs. baseline 30.0% (432/1 440)), whereas the proportion of the control group showed an increase of 4.2% (mid-term 25.7% (349/1 357) vs. baseline 21.5% (298/1 388)), and with the confounding adjusted in the difference-in-differences model, the difference in increase rate between two groups was 6.1% (P=0.007). Conclusions The IECD intervention strategy implemented in rural China effectively improved the mental health of caregivers, optimizes families' child feeding and early stimulation behaviors, while reducing violent discipline and other risk factors. IECD provides better nurturing care for the early development of children aged 0-35 months in rural China.

Objective:To compare the effect of different β values on the semi-quantitative accuracy and image quality of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging after partial volume effect correction (PVC). Methods:In the model experiment, image reconstruction was carried out based on block sequential regularized expectation maximization algorithm (BSREMA) with the range of β values from 100 to 1 000. Recovery coefficient (RC), contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) were measured to evaluate semi-quantitative accuracy and image quality. In the clinical study, image data of 21 prostate cancer patients (age 45-78 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively collected. A total of 29 abdominal imaging positive lymph nodes were divided into the small lymph node group (diameter <10 mm; n=12) and the large lymph node group (10 mm≤diameter≤30 mm; n=17). SUV parameters including SUV max, SUV mean and peak of SUV (SUV peak) and the influence of different β values on the SUV parameters were evaluated. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and subjective scores were used to evaluate image quality. Independent-sample t test, Kappa test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze data. Results:The model experiment showed that CR, RC and BV decreased with the increase of β values. The image quality, image clarity, lesion significance, and total image scores given by nuclear medicine physicians showed strong consistency ( Kappa values: 0.65-0.87, P values: 0.026-0.043). The small lymph node group had the highest score (13 and 14) with β value of 600, while the large lymph node group had the highest score (13 and 14) with β value of 700. SNR of the two groups increased steadily within β values from 100 to 600 ( t values: 2.49-8.99, P values: 0.023-0.038). When the β value was higher than 600, SNR of the small lymph node group reached a plateau ( t values: 1.28-2.00, P values: 0.072-0.098), while the SNR of the large lymph node group continued to increase ( t values: 2.98-4.63, P values: 0.012-0.029). Before PVC, there were significant negative correlations between SUV parameters and β values ( r values: from -0.94 to -0.64, P values: 0.039-0.046). After PVC, it was found that SUV mean and SUV max still had significant negative correlation with β values ( r values: from -0.78 to -0.68, P values: 0.035-0.042), while the SUV peak showed no significant correlation with β values ( r values: -0.22, -0.28, P values: 0.069, 0.126). Conclusions:Based on subjective scores and semi-quantitative indicators, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is superior to select β values of 600 and 700 for image reconstruction based on BSREMA. The SUV peak of small lesions is stable after PVC and the clinical value should be explored in further.