This paper showed that levels of cAMP, PGE_2 in plasma and cAMP in spleen tissue and abdominal cavity macrophages in burned rats are increased (cAMP levels in plasma of the control groups were 24.65?4.59pmol/ml; PGE_2 levels were 309.38?77.64Pg/ml. cAMP levels in plasma of burned groups were 36.58?2.74pmol/ml: PGE_2 levels were 937.50+102.91Pg/ml; P

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gypsum on LP-induced fever and the CSF levels of cAMP and cGMP in rabbits. It was found that gypsum could inhibit the rise of body temperature caused by LP injection, (△T of gypsum +LP group is 0.40?0.08℃, TRI_3 2.55; LP group 0.91?0.06℃, TRI_3 4.99 P

BACKGROUND: Mechanisms related to bone fracture and nonunion have been clarified, but the healing time and treatment strategy of delayed union remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To establish a reliable model of femoral delayed union using external fixation in the New Zealand white rabbit. METHODS: Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to three groups. After removal of 10-mm femoral middle bone cortex with internal and external periosteum and bone marrow, a uniplanar external fixator was used. There was a 1 mm gap between broken ends (group A), and the broken ends were sealed by bone wax (group B). For controls, only bone cortex was cut and then fixed to contact the broken ends. The gross, radiological and histological observations were performed to observe the bone healing at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The control group achieved bone healing at the 4th week, which was considered as the normal time of bone healing. The groups A and B achieved healing at the 12th week, which was remarkably longer than that in the control group. The rabbit femoral delayed union model showed the typical X-ray imaging and pathological features of delayed union. Our results suggest that the model is reasonable and reliable, which can provide reference for clinical research.

Objective To apply Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) on the patients injured in Sichuan Earthquake. Methods COPM was applied to evaluate 51 patients in hospital before and 1 months after treatment. The first evaluation confirmed the problems on occupational activities for them. Then the plan was made to solve the problems. The second evaluation was to assess the effect of the treatment.Results The problem of self-care activity is more than that of productive activities and leisure activities(P<0.01). Total scores of performance of occupational activity and satisfaction improved(P<0.01, P<0.01)Conclusion COPM is helpful to confirm the problems of occupational activities and contribute to develope the primary goals for rehabilitation and treatment programs.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of disease caused by enterovirus type 71.Methods A total of 10 158 children aged between 6 and 35 months,were recruited from 7 sites where EV71 inactivated vaccine phase 3 clinical trial was carded out.All the subjects were followed up to one year to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of the disease caused by EV71.Results The accumulate incidence density of disease caused by EV71 was 15.17/1 000 person-year.Of all the cases,hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD),herpangina,respiratory system diseases,digestive system diseases and other diseases accounted for 82.00％,2.67％,13.33％,1.33％ and 0.67％,respectively.The difference of the incidence density between boys and girls showed no statistical significance.Majority of the patients were between 12 and 23 months of age,which accounted for 58.67％ of the total patients.The differences of incidence density between different months of age were statistically significant (x2=7.789,P=0.020).The peak incidence density of disease caused by EV71 occurred from April to June.Nine cases showed severe symptoms or signs that accounted for 6.00％ of all the cases.All severe cases were identified as HFMD,of which 7 were boys and 2 were girls.The number of severe cases in different months of age appeared to be 1,7,and 1,all occurred between April and June.The median courses of HFMD cases and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 6 days,with difference statistically significant (Z=-4.000,P＜0.001).Median of excretion cycle for HFMD and non-HFMD cases were 9 and 11 days respectively.But with no statistically significant difference between the two.Conclusion Majority of the disease that caused by EV71 appeared as HFMD.Most of them were younger children and with seasonal variation.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the dynamic pattern and the distributive characteristics of neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 (EV-A71 ) in children aged 6-35 months in Jiangsu province from 2012 to 2014.

METHODSFrom March, 2012 to March, 2014, a total of 1 276 children aged between 6 and 35 months were regularly followed up on day 0, year 1 and year 2 for EV-A71 neutralizing antibody test based on the enterovirus surveillance system, with the method of reporting by their guardian or being visited in Ganyu Sheyang Taixing Donghai Pizhou and Baoying in Jiangsu province. At the same time, samples were taken from the suspected persons infected by enterovirus. The χ(2) test or variance analysis was used to compare the difference of the positive rates and the geometric mean titer(GMT) of EV-A71 neutralizing antibody in different subjects.

RESULTSIn 2 years follow-up, the positive rates of EV-A71 antibody increased as the growth of the age,and the positive rates on day 0, year 1 and year 2 were 22.57% (288/1 276), 37.72%(444/1 177) and 42.84%(422/985), respectively (χ(2) values were 39.33, 56.41, 32.25; P< 0.001).The GMTs were 9.95, 15.37 and 24.05, respectively (F values were 22.90,46.36,41.58;P<0.001). In 2 years, the annually new infection rates were 13.47%(158/1 173) and 20.73%(192/926),respectively, and the annually decay rates of EV-A71 antibody were 2.81%(33/1 173) and 8.10%(75/926).

CONCLUSIONSIn 2012 to 2014, the positive rates and the GMTs of EV-A71 antibody of children increased as the growth of the age in Jiangsu. The higher annually new infection rate was in children aged 3 to 4 years. The EV-A71 neutralizing antibody level could maintain at least two years after natural infection.

Antibodies, Neutralizing ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; blood ; Humans ; Infant ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that dissociate from the tumor tissue and enter the lymphatic system or bloodstream with close association with tumor metastasis and recurrence.CTCs contain complete pathological information,which can be extracted by isolation,enrichment,and analysis of the CTCs to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment,thereby significantly improving the monitoring efficiency and prognosis of cancer.Compared with tissue biopsy,liquid biopsy with CTCs as a biomarker enables specific and dynamic detection of tumor growth with a less painful experience.For detection of CTCs,the cells must be captured from body fluids,followed then by their release and enrichment.This review summaries the latest research progress in responsive isolation of CTCs(e.g.with light,dielectrophoresis,acoustophoresis and magnetophoresis),chemical isolation(specific molecules and topological structure)and responsive release(e.g.,light,electric,thermal,pH,enzyme responsiveness,and substrates break).Responsive isolation utilizes the differences in physical properties between CTCs and blood cells,while chemical isolation utilizes specific recognition mechanisms to capture the CTCs.These techniques result in low cell damage with a high specificity to facilitate further analysis.Currently,CTC detection has been applied for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of multiple cancers including lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and prostate cancer.

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are cells that dissociate from the tumor tissue and enter the lymphatic system or bloodstream with close association with tumor metastasis and recurrence.CTCs contain complete pathological information,which can be extracted by isolation,enrichment,and analysis of the CTCs to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment,thereby significantly improving the monitoring efficiency and prognosis of cancer.Compared with tissue biopsy,liquid biopsy with CTCs as a biomarker enables specific and dynamic detection of tumor growth with a less painful experience.For detection of CTCs,the cells must be captured from body fluids,followed then by their release and enrichment.This review summaries the latest research progress in responsive isolation of CTCs(e.g.with light,dielectrophoresis,acoustophoresis and magnetophoresis),chemical isolation(specific molecules and topological structure)and responsive release(e.g.,light,electric,thermal,pH,enzyme responsiveness,and substrates break).Responsive isolation utilizes the differences in physical properties between CTCs and blood cells,while chemical isolation utilizes specific recognition mechanisms to capture the CTCs.These techniques result in low cell damage with a high specificity to facilitate further analysis.Currently,CTC detection has been applied for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of multiple cancers including lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,and prostate cancer.

Objective To analyze the correlation between smoking and occurrence of intracranial artery stenosis.Methods From June 2015 to May 2016,a total of 10 711 inpatients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke from 20 basel hospitals of nationwide were enrolled using a cross-sectional study,76 patients with unknown smoking and smoking cessation years were excluded.Finally,a total of 10 635 patients were enrolled.Transcranial color coded sonography and/or transcranial Doppler were used evaluate the intracranial artery stenosis lesions.The basic risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (age,sex,smoking and smoking years,whether smoking cessation and years,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,atrial fibrillation,and family history of stroke) were recorded.According to the different smoking years,the smoking years were divided into five groups:non-smoking,smoking time ≤10-year,11 to 20-year,21 to 30-year,and >30-year groups for trend chi square test.According to the different smoking cessation years in the smokers,the smoking cessation years were divided into four groups:non-cessation,cessation time 1 to 10-year,11 to 20-year,and >20-year groups for trend chi square test.The effects of different smoking years and different smoking cessation years on the occurrence of intracranial arterial stenosis were analyzed.Results The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis in the smokers (40.4%[1 433/3 547]) was significantly higher than that in the non-smoking patients (29.4%[2 085/7 088]).There was significant difference (χ2=128.850,P<0.01),and the incidence of cerebral infarction in the smokers (91.6%[3 250/3 547]) was significantly higher than the non-smokers (85.0%[6 027/7 088]).There was significant difference (χ2=92.328,P<0.01).Smoking was an independent risk factor for intracranial artery stenosis (OR,1.603;95%CI 1.456-1.765;P<0.01).With the increase of smoking years,the detection rate of intracranial arterial stenosis increased gradually (trend χ2=115.437,P<0.01).Whether giving up smoking had no significant effect on the incidence of intracranial artery stenosis in patients with ≥20 years of smoking (trend χ2=1.043,P=0.307).Conclusions Smoking is an independent risk factor for affecting intracranial artery stenosis;the risk of disease increases with the number of smoking years.Long-term smokers (≥20 years) cannot reduce the effect on intracranial artery stenosis,even if they give up smoking.

Objective To investigate the effect of serum lipid level on carotid artery stenosis in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods Using a multi-center cross-sectional study,10 711 consecutive inpatients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke diagnosed clearly in 20 stroke screening and prevention project base hospitals from June 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled.According to the results of carotid ultrasonography,1 560 patients with extracranial carotid artery stenosis rate≥50% screened were enrolled in the study.They were divided into a severe stenosis group (70%-99%) and a mild-moderate stenosis group (<70%).The distribution of total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in both groups of carotid stenosis patients were analyzed,and the quantitative classification was based on the normal range of serum lipids.The distributions of serum lipid levels in different grades in patients of both groups were compared with the non-parameter test.Results The incidence of dyslipidemia in the severe stenosis group was higher than that in the mild and moderate stenosis group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (54.4%[319/586]vs.48.3%[470/974],P<0.05).Dyslipidemia was an independent risk factor for severe carotid artery stenosis (OR,1.27,95% CI 1.24-1.30,P<0.01).The TC and LDL-C levels in patients of the severe stenosis group were significantly higher than those in the mild-moderate stenosis group (TC:3.98[3.31,4.82]mmol/L vs.3.91[3.31,4.53]mmol/L,LDL-C:2.48[1.86,3.14]vs.2.30[1.79,2.80];all P<0.01).With the increase of TC and LDL-C levels,there was significant differences between the severe stenosis group and the mild-moderate stenosis group (all P<0.05),and the proportions of TC >5.80 mmol/L (7.3%[43/586]vs.0.4%[4/974]) and LDL-C>3.12 mmol/L (26.3%[154/586]vs.10.0%[97/974]) in patients of the severe stenosis group were higher than those in the mild-moderate stenosis group (26.3%[154/586]vs.10.0%[97/974]).Conclusion The high LDL-C and TC levels may increase the incidence of severe carotid artery stenosis or occlusion.