Objective To investigate the association between the C609T polymorphism of NAD (P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase (NQO1) gene and post operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods 90 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of 59 to 78 years old, undergoing elective hip replacement with epidural anesthesia were enrolled.All patients were given a battery of 5 neuropsychological tests before operation and seven days after operation.Patients were divided into POCD group and control group according to test results (45 patients in each group).The single nucleotide polymorphism C609T of NQO1 gene was detected using real-time PCR by Taqman probes and subjected to odd ratio assessment.Results 5 samples in control group couldn' t be used in the real-time PCR analysis due to quality control.The frequency of C/C genotype in POCD control was lower than that of control group ( 30.0% vs 11.1% ) with statistical significance ( OR = 0.292,95 % CI 0.092 ～ 0.92 1, P ＜ 0.05 ).The C/T +T/T genotype frequency was significantly higher in group POCD than in the control group(88.8% vs 70% ).Patients presented with C/T + T/T genotype showed an evidently increased risk of POCD ( OR =3.42,95% CI 1.08 ～ 10.82,P ＜ 0.05 ).The frequency of C allele of NQO1 gene in group control was 56.2%, as compared with 40% in group POCD with significance ( OR = 0.519,95% CI 0.282 ～ 0.955, P ＜ 0.05 ).The frequency of T allele of NQOI gene in control group was 43.7% ,as compared with 60.0% in POCD group( OR = 1.93,95% CI 1.047 ～3.552,P＜O.05).Conclusion The NQO1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism C609T is evidently associated with the increased risk of POCD.

OBJECTIVE:To study the stability of amoxicillin sodium and clavulanate potassium for injection in sodium chloride injection solution so as to offer a scientific basis for rational use of drug in clinical practice.METHODS:The external appearance and pH values of the mixed solution were observed,and the contents of Amoxicillin sodium and Clavulanate potas?sium were determined by HPLC method at5℃,25℃and37℃within3hours.RESULTS:The stability was related to the temperature and sunlight.CONCLUSION:The mixed solution is instable and should not be put in storage for long time.

Robust and efficient control of therapeutic gene expression is needed for timing and dosing of gene therapy drugs in clinical applications. Ribozyme riboswitch provides a promising building block for ligand-controlled gene-regulatory system, based on its property that exhibits tunable gene regulation, design modularity, and target specificity. Ribozyme riboswitch can be used in various gene delivery vectors. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in extending ribozyme riboswitch's application from gene-expression control to cellular function and fate control. High throughput screening platforms were established, that allow not only rapid optimization of ribozyme riboswitch in a microbial host, but also straightforward transfer of selected devices exhibiting desired activities to mammalian cell lines in a predictable manner. Mathematical models were employed successfully to explore the performance of ribozyme riboswitch quantitively and its rational design predictably. However, to progress toward gene therapy relevant applications, both precision rational design of regulatory circuits and the biocompatibility of regulatory ligand are still of crucial importance.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the demands of clinic patients for relevant knowledge of drugs in order to provide more patient-targeted pharmaceutical service.METHODS:The consultation records between Jan,2004 and Dec.2004 were collected and reviewed,and the analysis was made in the respect of items,ways,and contents of consultation.RESULTS:The understanding of professional and nonprofessional demands of the patients,age distribution of major patient group and the like could provide the reference for pharmacists in deciding important patients.CONCLUSION:Retrospective analysis is a way to dynamically follow up clinic patients and obtain information,which helps the development of hospital pharmacy,and promotes medicinal consultation.

Objective To report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with geotrichosis due to Geotrichum silvicola. Methods The exudates from the body surface, blood and urine of the patient were examined by microscopy and simultaneously inoculated onto the Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The isolate was examined by microscopy, PCR which amplified the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, and gene sequencing. Homologous sequences were searched in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ/PD nucleotide sequence library, and the genetic relationship was analyzed with the genealogical tree. Results Microscopy of pus from the abscess on the dorsa of left hand revealed a lot of spores and a few hyphae, which were not observed in the blood or urine specimens. Meanwhile, whitish colonies were grown in all the three successive cultures of blood and urine specimens, rather than the exudates on the body surface. After itraconazole and garlicin were administered for one week, both microscopic exam and fungus culture were negative. Microscopic exam of the isolate showed arthrospores arranged in chains, budding spores and a few of hyphae. It was found that there was a one-base difference between our isolate (Hebei-1) and the isolate from kerion -like eruptions (Changzheng-1), and a four-base difference between our isolate and the reference Geotrichum silvicola strain as well, in the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. This isolate was identified to be most close to Changzheng-1 in the phylogenetic tree. Conclusion The patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis is associated with geotrichosis due to Geotrichum silvicola.

Objective To report a case of kerion caused by Geotrichum in China. Methods A 9 year-old-boy had kerion-form lesion on his scalp with swollen posterior auricular lymph nodes, and did not show other definite underlying disease. The pathogenic fungus was identified according to culture, scanning electron microscopy, biochemical tests and DNA sequencing. The hair infection test was performed and the infected hairs were examined by scanning electron microscope. Animal test confirmed the pathogenicity of the fungus. Results The fungal colonies were the same when the tissue cultures were repeated. The colonies showed milky white to yellowish in color. The hyphae could be identified at the periphery on Sabouraud′s agar culture at 27 ℃, which were moist and smooth on the surface at 37 ℃. Under microscope, there were many rectangular arthrospores, round or oval spores with or without buddings, as well as branched hyphae. The isolated fungus was identified as a Geotrichum silvicola by culture, scanning electron microscope, biochemical test and DNA sequencing. The patient′s condition was improved markedly after treatment of terbinafine for 4 weeks. Conclusions This is the first case report of kerion caused by Geotrichum in China, and terbinafine is effective.

AIM: To study mitochondrial mass and structural protein changes in dexamethasone (DEX)-mediated mouse thymocyte apoptosis process. METHODS: DEX-induced mouse thymocyte apoptosis model was established. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to identify apoptotic and necrotic cells by flowcytometry, JC-1 staining was adopted to test mitochondrial membrane potential (△?_m), and cellular structural protein changes were studied with CFDA-SE staining. RESULTS: By 1?10~(-6) mol/L DEX stimulation, the apoptotic rate was 51.25%?5.51% and had significantly difference from control group (12.03%?2.00%); the necrotic rate in DEX group was 30.25%?3.67% and also had significantly difference from control group (10.11%?1.11%, P

Inverse agonist is a new type of classification.Different form antagonist that blocks the effect of agonist,inverse agonist produces opposite effect to that of agonist.The characteristics of inverse agonists acting on different receptors including H_2,H_3,? opioid,adrenergic ?, and 5-HT_((1B)) receptors are discussed in this paper.Recent investigation suggested that inverse agonist has potential clinical application.

Objective: All-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) is a classic drug that can induce tumor differentiation,and its influence on the aberrant methylation of cancer cells has been studied insufficiently.The objective of this study was to observe the influence of ATRA on the methylation of the RARa gene promoter in ovarian cancer cell line COC2 and its relationship with the RARa expression.Methods: The ovarian cancer cell line COC2 was treated with different concentrations of ATRA for different times.Methylation specific PCR(MSP) and bisulfate sequencing methods were used to detect the changes in the methylation of the RARa promoter after ATRA treatment.RT-PCR was employed to observe the changes in the expression level of RARa mRNA.Results: Aberrant methylation of the RARa gene promoter was found in the ovarian cancer cell line COC2.ATRA treatment decreased the number of RARa promoter methylation sites in COC2 within a certain scope in a concentrationand time-dependent manner,and increased the expression of RARa mRNA.Conclusion: Aberrantly high methylation of the RARa promoter exists in the ovarian cancer cell line COC2;ATRA can partially reverse the methylation and increase the RARa mRNA expression.

Objective To optimize the extraction process for icariin from Herba Epimedii. Methods The content of icariin in the extracts obtained by different extraction methods was determined with HPLC. The effect of solvents, boiling time, extracting time and temperature, and the size of the medicinal powder was observed. Results Different extraction methods had great influence on the extraction rate of icariin. Conclusion This research can provide evidence for the extraction of active component from Herba Epimedii in industrial production.