It is our aim to absorb essence and remove dreg by mining and arranging the ancient view and method. But there is not a unified view on what is good or bad.The concept of moving spirit and changing qi is one of the focuses.Studying the connotation and using method of moving spirit and changing qi could possibly enrich the existing theories and expand the clinical practice.

Objective: To determine the cognitive function and MRI-based measurement of MTL structures in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and to find a sensitive cognitive marker or specific MRI-based measurements for early diagnosis of AD. Method:Fifty-two AD patients, 27 VD (vascular dementia) patients and 35 aged matched normal control were recruited. The cognitive functions were evaluated with Alzheimer disease assessment scale-Cognitive portion (ADAS-Cog), Wechsler memory scale-revised and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). MTL structures, including hippocampal formation, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, were measured by MRI volumetric measurements. Result: Compared with VD patients and healthy controls, there was more pronounced reduction of performance on the main cognitive domains in AD patients, which indicated the diffused deficits of AD, including learning and memory, comprehension, language, orientation and concentration. The atrophy of MTL structures was more prominent in AD patients. A moderate diagnostic accuracy of 83.3% was achieved by Fisher's linear discriminant model, which comprised the scores of word recall, recall of test instructions, commands, constructional praxis and orientation in ADAS-Cog, and the performance on picture recall, visual recognition visual reproduction, logic memory and touch test in Wechsler memory test and part of memory in MMSE. In diagnose of AD, MRI based volumetry of left temporal horn of lateral ventricle and amygdalohippocampal complex had the sensitivity of 78.4% and accuracy of 77.1%. When cognitive indicators were combined with MRI based measurement, the diagnostic accuracy increased to 90.5%. Conclusion: AD produces more diffused cognitive deficit and severer atrophy of MTL structure. Combination of cognitive indicator with MRI based measurement can improve accuracy in diagnosis of AD.

BACKGROUND:Absorbable suture with good biocompatibility and mechanical strength has been extensively used in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To explorein vitro degradation of different absorbable sutures, to analyze the clinical superiority of absorbable sutures and the influential factors for itsin vitro degradation. METHODS: After retrieval of related literatures concerning degradation and application of absorbable suture material, we retrospectively analyzed relevant articles addressing influential factors for performance and degradation of absorbable suture materials, and comparison of clinical absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures, thereby providing theoretical evidence for clinical application. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Absorbable sutures can be completely degraded and absorbed by the body, with no adverse reaction and no scars after wound healing. Absorbable sutures overcome the shortcomings of nonabsorbable sutures that cannot break down in the body. The absorption of its degradation products in vivo has two pathways: one is the phagocytosis of giant cels and phagocytes in the body, and the other is that the degradation products enter the body fluids and blood. For example, lactic acid is absorbed and excretedvia the systemic circulation. There is a very complicated physiological environment in the human body, and various factors can affect material properties. In addition, the different kinds of materials have different degradation mannersin vivo. Therefore, it is necessary to design, synthesize and process biodegradable polymer materialswith special properties within a certain range to meet the clinical needs.

The concentrations and distributions of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) in sediment and mussel samples collected from the India Ocean hydrothermal area were analyzed.The metal correlation between organisms and sediments was investigated, and the ecological and chemical characteristics of REE were also explored.The results showed that, the trace metals in sediments were mainly Fe (96.6 mg/kg), Mn (1.14 mg/kg) and Zn (322.6 μg/kg), and Fe had high ratio of 98.15% by normalized calculation, which indicated that the available sediments in this studying hydrothermal area mainly consisted of iron ore substances.Trace metals and REE distributions all had good correlation between deep-sea sediments and deep-sea mussels, and the correlation coefficients were 0.991 for trace metals and 0.996 for REE.The contents and distributions of metal elements in deep-sea mussels were different from those in offshore mussels.The REE distributions in sediments and mussels showed obvious fractionation phenomenon, and the enrichment of LREE in mussels was significant.Through the REE patterns, Eu and Gd in sediments and mussels all showed anomalies, and Eu had a significant abnormal phenomenon in deep-sea sediments and deep-sea mussels.Besides, δEu values were 9.50, 10.68 and 0.23 in deep-sea sediments, deep-sea mussels and offshore mussels, respectively, and δCe were 2.21, 2.71 and 4.38, which showed that the enrichment sources of REE in offshore mussels and deep-sea mussels were different, and the REE in sediments and mussels from the India Ocean were homologous.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the old people in Chongqing, China. Methods From October to November, 2015, 1850 persons more than 60-year-old in Chongqing were cluster sampled. They were investigated with self-made general situation questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) through face-to-face interview. Enumeration data were tested withχ2 test and multiple Logistic regression. Results MCI prevalence was 11.73%in the old people in Chongqing, and various with the residential re-gions, ages, marital status, literacy, career, smoking, drinking, seafood-eating, egg-eating, exercising, intensive labor, low intensity of labor, housework, outdoor activities, Mahjong/chess/cards playing, TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading, social activities, obesity, hy-pertension, diabetes, stroke, hyperglycemia, cerebrovascular insufficiency and depression (χ2>4.092, P<0.05). According to multiple Logis-tic regression, living in rural areas, aging, celibacy, obesity, hypertension and depression were the risk factors of MCI;while middle school and above years of schooling, mental workers, smoking cessation, frequent seafood-eating and egg-eating, exercising, daily intensive labor and low intensity of labor, daily and sometimes housework, daily and weekly outdoor activities at least once, daily Mahjong/chess/cards playing and daily TV-watching/radio-listening/newspaper-reading were the preventing factors. Conclusion The morbidity of MCI is high in the old people in Chongqing. It is necessary to take effective intervention in view of the related factors of MCI as early as possible, to delay or prevent the development of MCI to dementia.

A microwave digestion system was preparation for the digestion of the sediment samples of 16 stations in the Southe mid_Atlantic ridge by using HNO3_H2 O2_HF as the digestion reagent. The rare earth elements ( RE ) in sediments were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and distribution characteristics of rare earth elements were studied. The microwave digestion_ICP_MS method was used for the determination of rare earth elements with a good linear relationship ( r=0 . 9997-1 . 0000 ) for each element. The detection limit reached ng/L level, the relative standard deviation ( RSD, n=3 ) was less than 3% and the relative error was 6%. The total amount of rare earth elements (ΣRE) in sediment samples from 16 stations varied in the range of 37. 25-134. 77 μg/g, the ratio range of light RE/heavy RE ( LRE/HRE) was 0 . 61-1 . 70 , the average value was 1 . 27 , and the enrichment of light rare earth elements in sediments was slightly obvious. The RE distribution patterns were basically the same in each station with obvious fractionation between LRE and HRE. The RE distribution patterns were also similar in sediments from different sources with slightly difference between terrestrial and marine sediments. The δEu and δCe in the sediments had negative anomaly which showed that the rare earth elements in sediments came from the seawater. This study first analyzed the content and distribution of rare earth elements in the southern Atlantic, providing data and technical support for further study of the distribution of rare earth elements in the Atlantic.

Objective:To investigate the possible role of NKT cells in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by measuring the NKT cell numbers,maturity and cytokine secretion of the placenta of mice with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods:Normal pregnancy model in hybrid by feeding CBA / J and BABL/C in a cage,and the model of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion was established by feeding CBA / J and DBA2/J in a cage.The number of NKT and CD3~+T cells was determined by flow-cytometry;Th1/Th2-relative cytokines were assayed by ELISA and T-bet expression was determinded by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:There was not significant change of CD3~+ T cells when compared between normal pregnancy and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion group (P＞0.05).In the course of normal pregnancy,the IFN-γ secreted by placenta lymphocytes decreased gradually,accompanied by the decline of NKT cell number and the proportion of mature cells;whereas in the course of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion,it was on the opposite.There was significant difference of T-bet mRNA expression between the two groups.T-bet mRNA expression was related to the proportion of mature NKT cells or placenta IFN-γ secretion by lymphocytes.Conclusion:Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion may be related to NKT cells disorders,NKT cells are of low-mature proportion and inadequate secretion of IFN-γ during early pregnancy,whereas are shown high-mature proportion and excessive secretion of IFN-γ during latter pregnancy;the anomaly of T-bet mRNA expression may be one of the factors leading to NKT cells disorder.

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

To combine more than 20 years of experience in clinical practice skills teaching of laboratory medicine, with the characteristics of laboratory medicine, the theory system of formative assessment has been constructed, to guide the clinical practice of the students.Based on the construction of network question bank, students make use of the network question bank self testing, to know whether they had got the stage goal, existing problems and future plan through self testing, so as to mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative to enhance their self-confidence.Under the formative assessment teaching system, students establish internship file information, including practice notes, weekly practice, group discussion, self testing results, the teacher and peer assessment information.Teachers set up QQ group, WeChat group with their students, the timely to get the question from students and to take appropriate measures improve teaching.Teachers had established and improved the long-term after graduation feedback mechanism, and formative assessment improved the teaching quality of the whole practice teaching benefits teachers as well as students.

Objective To investigate the prevalence status and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in old people in pension facilities in Chongqing, China. Methods From October to November, 2015, the people above 60 years old in four pension facilities in Chongqing were cluster sampled. They were interviewed with Mini-Mental State Examination, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale, self-made general situation questionnaire for the elderly and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results There were 25 MCI patients identified in 84 old people selected, with the prevalence of 29.76%. MCI prevalence was different with the factors such as genders, educational levels, economical status, smoking, eating freshwater fish frequently, participating in outdoor activities frequently, playing Mahjong/chess/cards fre-quently, watching TV/listening to broadcast/reading newspaper frequently, participating in social activities frequently, having religious be-liefs, suffering high blood pressure (χ2>4.271, P<0.05). Based on multivariate Logistic regression analysis, male was the protective factor (OR=0.055, 95%CI:0.005~0.618), while high blood pressure was the risk factor (OR=8.281, 95%CI:1.278~53.646) to the MCI. Conclu-sion MCI is prevalent in old people in pension facilities in Chongqing, which needs intervention targeted to the risk foctors.