At present, the assessment of the same hospital at the same time by different means may lead to different assessment results, viz. there may be a variety (inconsistency) of assessment results. This can be chiefly attributed to the variety of assessment systems, with different assessment indexes and assessment methods, and to the variety of people making the assessments and assessing environments. Integrated measures can be taken in order to render assessment results more accurate: ① refusing to have blind faith in any particular method; ② seeing clearly assessment goals and features; ③ properly selecting index systems for the assessment; ④ correctly fixing the weights for indexes; ⑤ appropriately selecting assessment methods; ⑥ making combined use of various methods; ⑦ pooling the results from different assessment methods.

Objective To approch the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve injury in double wall optic canal.Methods Six patients,with double wall optic canal found by CT,were treated by drug,operation and visual rehabilitation training.The results of CT,vision-evoked potential and visual recovery were analysed.Results In 6 patients,4 were holo-double wall optic canal and 2 were mero-double wall optic canal,4 were found having bone fracture.All the 6 cases were effective to treatment including 3 patients whose vision was over 0.1.Conclusion In double wall optic canal,the degree of optic nerve injury is slight,visual recovery is better by drug,operation and visual rehabilitation training.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation and analyze the characteristics of balance function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to find out the importance of proprioception, vision and vestibular in postural control. METHOD: All subjects were divided into two groups, 37 normal individuals, 33 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All were assessed by computerized posturography under six upright stance.conditions: including standing on the firm surface and foam with eyes open and closed. RESULT: (1) On anteroposterior,the scores of proprioception, vision and vestibular were 93.96 ± 7.95, 80.22 ± 16.24, 70.87 ± 20.99, the normal were 98.00 ± 2.18, 91.44 ± 6.01, 80.44 ± 7.81. There were significances between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group (P < 0.05) respectively. (2) On lateral, the scores of vision and vestibular were 80.39 ± 12.60, 73.96 ± 16.04, and the normal were 92.11 ± 4.50, 83.18 ± 9.45. There were significances with P < 0.05 between diabetes mellitus group and normal control group. However, there was no obvious difference in proprioception scores between the two groups. (3) The limit of stability of normal group were (176.47 ± 44.13) mm²; diabetic group was (143.13 ± 62.30) mm². There was statistical significance between the group with P < 0.05. (In diabetic patients, there was no significant difference between the no dizziness group and the dizziness group of the scores of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular as well as stable limits, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION The balance function of patients with type 2 diabetes decreased. It is the main characteristic that the vision and vestibular decreased more significantly in the postural control.
Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; physiopathology ; Dizziness ; complications ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Proprioception ; Vertigo ; complications ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology ; Vision, Ocular

Objective To assess of feasibility and effectiveness about clinic skill test in the five clinical examination. Methods In our hospital, 23 medical students of 2006 grade seven-year systerm were divided into group A and group B. After clinical practice, the theory test and five clinical examination were completed in both groups, and group A un-derwent clinical skills competition, the results were taken for two independent samples t test, set α=0.05. Group A was taken the practical examination and clinical skills competition, results were taken for two related samples t test, set α=0.05. Results Group A had successful completion in practical assessment and five clinical examination. The results of theory test and five clinical examination had no significant difference in two groups (P>0.05), and clinical skills com-petition results had significantly difference in two groups (P=0.001). In group A, practical assessment and clinical skills competition results had no significantly difference(P>0.05). Conclusion The five clinical examination and practi-cal examination is applicable, which constitute "5+X" pattern. Through the practical examination, can promote the clinic skill of medical students.

Objective To study the risk factors for recurrence in glottic cancer at Tis,T1 and T2 stage after CO2 laser endoscopic resection.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 180 Tis,T1 and T2 glottic cancer cases treated by CO2 laser surgery.Of the total cases,the Tis stage lesion was found in 22 cases,the T1a in 90,the T1b in 32 and the T2 in 36 cases.Tumor recurrence was set as the time-related endpoint.The recurrence factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis,including age,gender,T classification,type of cordectomy,tumorgrading,motility of vocal fold and the possible anteior commissure.Results There was a significant statistical difference between the recurrence rate and T classification,and the type of cordectomy(P＜0.05).The recurrence rates of Tis,T1a,T1b and T2 were 9.1％,13.3％,18.8％ and 38.9％,respectively.In type-Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ of cordectomy,the recurrence rates were 0,3.57％,15.0％,19.60％ and 36.84％.Conclusion The recurrence rate is closely associated with T classification and the type of cordectomy.With the higher T classification and the type of cordectomy,the recurrence rate is dramatically higher.

Objective: To investigate the cause and urgent management of internal carotid artery injury during transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery. Methods: Five cases of internal carotid artery injury encountered during transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science of Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital from December 2010 to July 2017 were analysed retrospectively. There were 2 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of salivary gland-type adenocarcinoma, 1 case of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas and 1 case of squamous carcinoma. The cause of internal carotid artery injury and subsequent treatment were analysed, in order to prevent internal carotid artery injury during transnasal endoscopic surgery. Results: Intraoperatively, all these 5 cases were packed with vaseline strip successfully. Two cases underwent subsequent intravascular covered stent graft implantation; 1 case underwent replacement of packing with muscle fascia graft; 1 case was packed with vaseline strip in nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity; 1 case accepted ligation of common carotid artery after failure of nasal packing. Four cases were successfully treated without craniocerebral or ocular complications. Otherwise, 1 case demonstrated with extremity paralysis after ligation. Follow up ranged from 6 to 84 months, no patient died. Conclusion The injury of internal carotid artery is related with improper operative procedures and anatomic localization, which should be treated properly with emergent hemostasis, and an experienced multidisciplinary team to repair vascular damage is very important.