Objective:To investigate the incidence and distribution of malignant tumor in Uygur People and provide a theoretical basis for epidemiological surveys. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted from November 2007 to October 2012 on inpatients with malignant tumors at The First People′s Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture. The top 10 kinds of malignant tumor were found in Uygur People and Han People. Results:A total of 7578 patients were registered, including 6840 (about 90.26%) Uygur People, 628 (nearly 8.29%) Han People, and 110 (about 1.45%) from other minority groups. The top 10 kinds of malignant tumor for Uygur People were gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, malignant lymphoma, primary hepatic carcinoma, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancers. Meanwhile, the order for Han People were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast, gastric, primary hepatic, head and neck, leukemia, cervical, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Conclusion:A different epidemic character of malignant tumor existed between Uygur People and Han People in Kashga, Xinjiang.

Objective To compare the effects of fluoxetine and transcuataneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on central pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) using a sham-controlled crossover method.Methods Ele-ven patients with central pain after SCI were randomly divided into two groups which were then subject to 2 phases of treatment.Patients in group 1 were treated by oral intake of fluoexetine for 4 weeks followed by TENS treatment for 4 weeks.Those in group 2 were treated in the reverse sequence.A fifteen day washout period was arranged between the two phases of treatment.The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to assess all patients pre-and post-treatment.Results SF-MPQ scores were reduced significantly after either fluoexetine or TENS treatment.After each phase of treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups.Significant improvement in terms of BDI scores was found with fluoxetin treatment in both phases of the trial,but not with TENS treatment.Conclusions Both fluoxetine and TENS can alleviate central pain after SCI,and fluoxetine can relief patients' depression at the same time.

Objective:To establish the test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin. Methods:According to the meth-od described in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the test for histamine-like substances was carried out. Re-sults:The test for histamine-like substances had no interference under the condition with pirarubicin concentration of 0. 01mg·ml-1 . The established test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin was applied in 10 samples, and the results were accordant with those of the test method for depressor substances. Conclusion:The test method for histamine-like substances in pirarubicin is feasible with the limit of 1 μg·mg-1 .

BACKGROUND:Pax6 gene plays an important role in eye development and differentiation, and to study how it regulates the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs), gaining the BMSCs stably over-expressing Pax6 is crucial, which is also the basis of stem cel replacement therapy. OBJECTIVE:To construct a lentivirus vector containing Pax6 and detect the expression of Pax6 in transfected human BMSCs.
METHODS:Pax6 gene was extracted using PCR. After its connection with lentivirus vector pHIV-EGFP, it was then packaged by 293T cel s. The human BMSCs were transfected with recombinant lentivirus Pax6-EGFP as wel as lentivirus vector pHIV-EGFP, which was considered negative control group. The cel ular morphology was observed by a fluorescence microscope, and the mRNA expression of Pax6 was detected by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The recombinant lentivirus Pax6-EGFP was constructed successful y with a titer of 3×109 pfu/L. After the transfection, both the green fluorescent protein and Pax6 gene were expressed detected using fluorescence microscope and real-time PCR, showing that the method of lentiviral transfection is a safe and effective way to modify BMSCs.

Objective:To establish a test method for histamine-like substances in aclarubicin hydrochloride. Methods:According to the method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia ( edition 2010 ) , the test of histamine-like substances was carried out. Re-sults:The test of histamine-like substances was not interfered by aclarubicin hydrochloride with the concentration below 0. 01 mg· ml-1 . Histamine-like substances in 4 batches of samples were determined by the established method, and the results were consistent with those of the test method for depressor substances. Conclusion: The test method for histamine-like substances is feasible with the limit of 1 μg·mg-1 .

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG).Methods:A total of 12 patients, including 7 cases treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), were diagnosed as having GA-FG in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to August 2019. Morphological changes were analyzed by reviewing endoscopic and pathological results. Patients were followed up after definitive diagnosis.Results:The clinical symptoms of patients with GA-FG were nonspecific. No Helicobacter pylori infection was identified. The lesions were found in the non-atrophic gastric mucosa of the upper 1/3 portion in 10 cases and middle 1/3 portion in 2 cases. Endoscopically, the most common features were whitish color (9 cases), and all lesions diameter≤1 cm. Their macroscopic types were classified as 0-Ⅰ (2 cases), 0-Ⅱa (9 cases) and 0-Ⅱc (1 case) respectively. All lesions had sharp boundary, with branching dilated blood vessels on the surface. Five in 7 cases who were treated with ESD showed submucosal invasion. Immunohistochemically, 9 cases were classified as the chief cell type , 3 as the mixed type, 11 MUC6 positive, 4 MUC5AC positive, 2 MUC2 positive, and 3 CD10 positive. P53 was detected in all 12 cases, and 9 cases had low Ki-67 staining index (<10%). The mean time of follow-up was 11 months, and 11 patients survived. Conclusion:GA-FG should be taken into consideration when the polyps are found in the upper part of the stomach, with whitish color, and branch dilated blood vessels on the surface. Excellent clinical outcomes can be achieved for GA-FG patients with ESD.

Objective:To analyze the potential influencing factors of depression among chronic heart failure (CHF) patients systematically, so as to provide reference for effective intervention.Methods:We searched the databases of CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO and PsyARTICLE database for relevant articles. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and the data was extracted by 2 researchers independently. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 25 articles were included. The combined effect size OR/ SD (95% CI) of each influencing factor in descending order were: sedentary behavior 2.75 (1.62 to 4.66) , long duration 2.58 (2.09 to 3.07) , EF values -2.29 (-3.44 to -1.13) , NYHAⅢ/Ⅳ 2.28 (1.70 to 3.08) , the combination of anemia 1.72 (1.30 to 2.28) , solitary 1.48 (1.16 to 1.88) , the combination of Chronic renal insufficiency 1.46 (1.16 to 1.85) and COPD 1.44 (1.04 to 2.00) , low BMI -1.13 (-1.64 to -0.98) , good knowledge of heart failure 0.67 (0.47 to 0.95) , male 0.63 (0.53 to 0.76) , married 0.57 (0.47 to 0.69) . Conclusions:The influencing factors of chronic heart failure combined with depression are diverse. Medical staff can identify the heart failure patients with high prevalence of depression early according to the related influencing factors, and can also intervene the controllable influencing factors to reduce the occurrence of depression.

Objective:To observe the inhibiting effects of manual acupuncture(MA)on bladder cell apoptosis in rats with diabetic neurogenic bladder(DNB)based on the protein and mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-leukemia(Bcl)-2,Bcl-2-associated X(Bax)protein,caspase-3,and the protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),transforming growth factor(TGF)-β in the bladder tissue. Methods:A DNB rat model was established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The rats were randomly divided into a control group,a model group,and an MA group,with 10 rats in each group.For the MA group,MA was applied after modeling.The body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG),bladder wet weight,and bladder histomorphology were observed.Protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 and the protein expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in the bladder tissue were determined.The apoptotic index of bladder cells was also evaluated. Results:After STZ injection,compared with the control group,the model group and the MA group both showed higher FBG from week 3 and lower body mass from week 9(P<0.05),and had a larger bladder wet weight(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the MA group showed a smaller bladder wet weight(P<0.05).The histopathological evaluation indicated that MA improved muscle fiber alignment and detrusor cell compensatory hypertrophy in the bladder tissue.In addition,compared with the control group,the apoptotic index increased significantly in the model group and the MA group(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 and the protein expression level of TGF-β in the bladder tissue in the model group and the MA group increased significantly(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and the protein expression level of α-SMA in the bladder tissue decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the apoptotic index of the MA group decreased significantly(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 and the protein expression level of TGF-β in the bladder tissue decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 and the protein expression level of α-SMA in the bladder tissue increased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion:MA can protect the bladder by inhibiting the excessive apoptosis of bladder cells,which may be related to the down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 proteins and mRNAs and TGF-β protein expression,and the up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA and α-SMA protein expression.

Objective To evaluate the speech recognition ability in noise enviroment in older adults with age-related hearing loss and to discuss the influences of age ,hearing loss and cognitive function on the ability of speech recognition in noise enviroment .Methods A total of 90 older adults aged over 60 years at the hearing clinic of Xinhua hospital were divided into three groups according to the age ,which were 60~69 y group (88 ears) ,70~79 y group (64 ears) ,> 79 y group (28 ears) .All the participants completed pure tone audiometry ,the Mandarin hearing in noise test (MHINT) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) .The pure tone average hearing threshold (PTA) ,signal-to -noise ratio (SNR) of MHINT and MMSE scores were obtained .We used the statis_tical software SPSS 17 .0 to analyze the correlations among age ,PTA ,adaptive SNR and MMSE scores .ResuIts ①PTA and SNR increased with the age .The difference of PTA and SNR for different age groups was statistically sig_nificant (P<0 .01) .②The difference SNR among different PTA groups were significant (P<0 .01) ,and when the influence of MMSE scores was controlled the difference was still significant .There was a significant linear correlation between PTA and SNR (r=0 .326 ,P<0 .01) .MMSE scores decreased with the increasing of PTA ,and there was also a linear correlation between PTA and MMSE scores (-0 .187 ,P<0 .05) .③Adaptive SNR and MMSE scores were correlated (r= -0 .201 ,P<0 .01) ,but there was no significant linear relationship .Besides ,SNR of the cog_nitive function impairment group (<27 points) was significantly greater than that of the normal cognitive function group (27~30 points) (P<0 .01) .However ,among the three PTA groups ,the differences were not statistically significant .ConcIusion The hearing in noise test reflects the ability of speech recognition in noise enviroment in ol_der adults ,and can be used to assess the hearing functions in elder .Speech recognition in noise ,peripheral hearing loss and cognitive functions are relevant .Cognitive functions have an influence on the evaluation of the hearing func_tion for older adults .

Skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis, ACD), is a serious condition caused by small reactive molecules and is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity .Animal tests were usually used in the evaluation of sensitizing potential of chemical substances in the past .However , there is an increasing interest from the public for reducing and ultimately replacing animal tests .The European Union (EU) has posed a ban on animal testing of cosmetic ingredients that includes skin sensitization since 2013.Therefore, alternative in vitro tests are the main tendency in chemical substances and cosmetic sensitizing potential research in the future .In this study, different kinds of in vitro test methods that were adopted by OECD or on research (LLNA, DPRA, KeratinoSens TM, h-CLAT) were reviewed through recent years literature , comprehensive introduction and evaluation were made to obtain reliable hazard and potency information on potential skin sensitizers .