Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common ocular complication in patients with diabetes, and diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss in patients with DR, so the early diagnosis and treatment of DME is of an important clinical significance.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide high-quality imaging of retina and choroid.It has been widely used in clinical practice and can be used for long-term follow-up of the diagnosis and treatment of DME.Recent studies have found various characteristic changes in retina and choroidal layer of DME on OCT, including vitreomacular interface abnormalities, disorganization of retinal inner layers, inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) continuity destruction, external limiting membrane continuity destruction, outer retinal tubulations, hyperreflective foci, intraretinal cystic fluid, subfoveal neuroretinal detachment, low optical reflectivity, subfoveal choroidal thickness change, and choroidal vascularity index change, etc.These changes are related to the prognosis of DME, so they can be used as biomarkers of DME.This paper reviews the research progress in this field.

Objective To investigate the allergen of asthma in children in order to instruct family management and improve the quality of life of children with asthma. Methods Skin prick was used to detect the allergen of asthma in children. Family management program was designed for patients with posi-tive results and implemented under supervision. Controlled study of patients adopting family management program and patients without this program was performed for 1 year. Results 78 cases of 104 children (75.0%) with asthma were positive for allergen. Among 78 cases, 58 cases were positive for der-matophagoides culinae, and 49 cases were positive for dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, which were two main allergens. The one- year follow- up research results showed: 14 cases once suffered emergency treat-ment, 6 needed hospitalization, 12 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 1840.5 yuan per patient per year among 52 patients who received family management program.While in 26 patients who did not adopt family management program, 15 cases once suffered emergency treatment, 10 needed hospi-talization, 14 absent from classes and the average economic cost reached 3267.3 yuan per patient per year. The difference was significant. Conclusions Family management guide can improve the quality of life in asthma children positive for allergen.

Following the increasing of amount and improving of management year by year,the management of scientific research funds must be informationized.We established an information management system of scientific research funds,according to the management standards of different departments which were the sources of funds.The system including two main modules.:budget management and expenditure management.The main functions of the system as follows:establishing the budget,expensing according to the budget,inquiring the feedback data,etc.The system increased the accuracy and effectiveness of management of scientific research funds.

Objective : To investigate the prevalence of occupational injury and identify its influencing factors among workers in a steel enterprise in Gansu Province, so as to provide insights into prevention of occupational injury among steel workers. Methods: Workers were sampled from a steel enterprise in Gansu Province using a cluster sampling method from January to March 2022, and participants' demographics, occupational history and occupational injury were collected using questionnaire surveys. The type of job and site and type of injury were analyzed among workers with occupational injuries, and factors affecting workers' occupational injuries were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 12 089 questionnaires were allocated and 10 725 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 88.71%. The respondents included 9 412 males (87.77%) and 1 312 females (12.23%), and had a median age of 36.00 (interquartile range, 15.00) years. Junior college and above was the predominant educational level (6 056 workers, 56.47%), and the respondents had a median length of service of 10 (interquartile range, 11) years. The prevalence of occupational injury was 5.25% among respondents. Overhaul worker was the main type of job (11.90%), and object strike was the predominant type of occupational injury (18.25%), while the lower limb was the predominant site of injury (27.82%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified men (OR=2.464, 95%CI: 1.580-3.843), age (30 to 39 years, OR=2.561, 95%CI: 1.643-3.993; 40 to 49 years, OR=5.197, 95%CI: 2.679-10.079; 50 years and older, OR=10.620, 95%CI: 6.788-16.615), exposure to high temperature (OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.165-1.683), operating equipment failure (OR=1.291, 95%CI: 1.048-1.591), absence of personal safety protection equipment (OR=1.555, 95%CI: 1.064-2.273) and safety behavior scores (OR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.937-0.996) as factors affecting occupational injuries among workers in a steel enterprise. Conclusions Men and overhaul workers are at a high risk of occupational injuries in this steel enterprise. Objectstrike is the predominant type of injury and lower limb is the main site of injury. The risk of occupational injuries is affected by gender, age, working environments, equipment status and safety behaviors.

Objective To study the nutritional risks in elderly patients with prostate cancer and explore its related factors.Methods 346 elderly patients with prostate cancer in Wuhan area from May 2013 to May 2014 were chosen as the objects in this study.Nutritional risk screening 2002 was used to evaluate nutritional risk.The sleep quality,anxiety,lower urinary tract symptoms,differentiation and other data of patients were collected.The influencing factors for nutritional risk in the patients were analyzed.Results The ratio of nutritional risk in elderly advanced prostate cancer patients was 35.3％ (122/346).The nutritional risk was increased with age (P＜0.05).The prostate cancer patients with nutritional risk had a higher international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (P＜ 0.05).Monovariate factor analysis showed that sleep quality,operation,pathology staging,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were the impact factors for nutritional status in elderly patients with prostate cancer (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=0.29),sleep quality (OR=0.25) were the protective factors for the nutritional status,while surgery (OR=12.67),pathological staging (OR=1.65),radiotherapy (OR=2.65),SPSS (OR=1.55),chemotherapy (OR=1.85) were the risk factors for nutritional status (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions The incidence of nutritional risk is high in elderly prostate cancer patients.Age,sleep quality are the protective factors,and operation,pathology staging,SPSS,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy are the risk factors for nutritional status.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the frequency of peripheral blood natural killer cells (NK) and HLA-Cw alleles in liver cirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection and a-cute hepatitis B patients. Methods Thirty liver cirrhotic patients and 30 patients with acute hepatitis B were included in our study, and 41 healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. The numbers of circulating NK cells and activated NK ceils were analyzed by flow cytometry. HLA-Cw genotyping was conducted with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO). Results The numbers of circu-lating NK cells and activated NK cells in liver cirrhotic patients were 13.22% ± 4.61% and 45.68% ± 14.64%, which was lower than that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The numbers of circulating NK cells and activated NK cells in acute hepatitis B patients were 22.62% ± 3.70% and 65.28%± 14.45%, which was higher than that in healthy subjects(P < 0. 05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P < 0.01). The allele frequency of HLA-Cw * 15 in the patients with cirrhosis was signifi-cantly higher than that in the healthy (P < 0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the frequency of HLA-Cw * 15 and the numbers of activated NK cells in liver cirrhosis(r =4). 862, P < 0.05). No statistically significance was found between the group of acute hepatitis B and healthy subjects a- bout HLA-Cw(P > 0. 05). Conclusion The function of NK cells in liver cirrhotic patients is low, HLA-Cw * 15 gene may be one of the causes of effecting the antiviral function of NK ceils to induce the persistence of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection.

Interest in rare diseases research and orphan drugs development has been increased distinctly in recent years. The number of affected people with rare diseases is considerable around the world and the formulation of national and international incentive policies to accelerate orphan drugs development, aiming at offering facilities and necessary conditions for patient access to treatment, gains favorable results. In particular, more measures should be taken to catalyze further progress due to behindhand level in this field in China. Additionally, therapeutic methods of rare diseases were also discussed.
China ; Humans ; Orphan Drug Production ; Rare Diseases ; genetics ; therapy

Objective:To analyze the relationship between the clinical medical college students' time investment (including study, activities, entertainment and exercise) and general self-efficacy (GSE) in a medical university in Liaoning province, China.Methods:The first-year medical students were asked to participate the survey. Their GSE was measured by using general self-efficacy scale (GSES) in 2018. One year later, the independent variable table was used to investigate the extracurricular activity time, and 683 valid questionnaires were collected. Ordered logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlation between students' extracurricular activities and GSE.Results:Medical students' GSE was positively associated with their time in extracurricular study ( OR = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.49-2.54), volunteer activities ( OR=1.36, 95%CI = 1.01-1.83), and physical activities ( OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.01-1.85). However, there was no significant correlation with the time in activities organized by students ( OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.79-1.50) or activities organized by school ( OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.84-1.59). Furthermore, compared with clinical students of "5+3" year program, the 5-year program clinical students had a stronger correlation between medical students' GSE and the input of extracurricular study time. Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between medical students' GSE and their extracurricular time investment, which indicates that increasing medical students' GSE could be an effective method to improve their extracurricular time investment and eventually improve their comprehensive quality.

Objective:To investigate the anti-intestinal effect and mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn in Hainan Province.Methods:The colony formation assay was used to detect the effect of Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn on the proliferation of intestinal cancer cells in Hainan Province. The effect of Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook. etArn on the colony growth of intestinal cancer cells was detected by HE staining. The effect of Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn on transmembrane protein of intestinal cancer cell line IFITM1 was detected by laser confocal microscopy. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the effect of Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn on the tumor suppressor protein of intestinal cancer cells. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins.Results:With the increase of Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn in Hainan Province concentration, the colony number of SW480 and SW620 cells was down-regulated and the inhibition rate was up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with that in control group(con group), the colony size of SW480 and SW620 cells in group Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn in Hainan Province group (Lhzz group) decreased, the cell morphology was blurred and the number of colony cells decreased significantly. Compared with that in con group, the green fluorescence intensity of IFITM1 transmembrane protein expression in SW480 and SW620 cells in Lhzz group decreased, the number of colony formation decreased, the volume decreased, and the nucleus showed pyknosis and irregular shape. The expression of tumor suppressor protein DCC in SW480 cells in Lhzz group was significantly higher than that in con group (2.13 ± 0.33 vs. 1.05 ± 0.16, t = 3.542, P < 0.05). The expression level of tumor suppressor protein DCC in SW620 cells in con group was significantly higher than that in con group (1.89 ± 0.26 vs. 0.96 ± 0.12, t = 3.466, P < 0.05). The expression level of oncoprotein DCC in SW620 cells in con group was significantly higher than that in con group (0.64 ± 0.11 vs. 0.38 ± 0.05, t = 3.154, P < 0.05), and the expression level of tumor suppressor protein in SW620 cells in con group was significantly higher than that in con group (0.52 ± 0.09 vs. 0.24 ± 0.03, t = 3.143, P < 0.05), and the expression level of β-catenin in SW480 and SW620 cells in Lhzz group was significantly higher than that in con group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Wuzhishan CallicarpanudifloraHook.etArn in Hainan Province can inhibit the proliferation of intestinal cancer cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) in C6 glioma cell line.Methods C6 cells in exponential phase were divided into 6 groups: untreated control,(~(60)Co?)(4 Gy),~(60)Co? 8 Gy,nuclear reactor exposure without boronophenylalanine(BPA) 3 Gy,BNCT(4 Gy) and BNCT 8 Gy.Cellular morphological change was observed by an inverted microscope,light microscope,fluorescence microscope and electronic microscope.Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of apoptosis,necrosis and normal cells 48h after irradiation.Colony forming assay was used to calculate cell surviving fraction.Results Typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed early after irradiation in BNCT group,with a significant increase in apoptotic rates was observed 48 h after irradiation with 63.2% and 88.3% for BNCT(4 Gy) and 8 Gy group,respectively(P