Objective To study previous cesarean section effects on re-eesarean section, and to seek better operation way of cesarean section. Methods The conditions of entrance into abdominal cavity and adhesion of 452 cases of abdominal cavity were retrospectively analyzed. The information about initial operation was investigated, dis-covering 104 cases underwent new type,and 348 cases underwent improved cesarean section. Results Time of en-trance into abdominal cavity once more by new type of cesarean section were (9.25±2.27) min and the incidence of adhesion in abdominal cavity was 18.27%,while time of entrance into abdominal cavity once more by improved cesarean section were (7.23±2.21) min and the incidence of adhesion indominal cavity was 9.87% (u=8.016, P<0.05; χ25.57,P<0.05). Conclusion New type of improved cesarean section has little effect on re-cesarean section, worthing more clinical practice.

Tenascin and CD34 expression in 35 cases of human glioma with different degrees of malignancy were studied by immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ,and their correlation analysis was conducted based on their postoperative follow up results. The expression of tenascin and microvessel density (MVD) varied with the degree of tumor cell differentiation,the higher tumor grade was,the higher tenascin expression or mvd amount was.The expression of tenascin was closely associated with angiogenesis( P

OBJECTIVE:To study the preventive effect and mechanism of butylphthalide on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,butylphthalide low-dose,me-dium-dose,high-dose groups (50,75,100 mg/lg),10 in each group. All rats were intragastrically administrated related drugs once a day,sham operation group and model group were intragastrically administrated equal amount of normal saline,for 3 d. Af-ter last administration,except for sham operation group,120 min of repertusion was conducted. Ratio of myocardial infarction ar-ea, apoptosis rate of myocardial cells, expressions of apoptosis-related protein [proapoptotic proteins (Caspase-3, Fas, Cas-pase-9),apoptotic protein (Bcl-2)],left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in serum of rats in other groups were detected. RESULTS:Compared with sham operation group,myocardial infarction ar-ea and apoptosis rate of myocardial cells in model group were obviously increased;expressions of Caspase-3,Fas,Caspase-9 pro-tein in myocardial cells were obviously enhanced,Bcl-2 protein expression was obviously weakened;LVEF and serum VEGF con-tent were obviously reduced (P<0.01). Compared with model group,except that LVEF in butylphthalide low-dose group didn't changed obviously (P>0.05),above indexes in other administration groups improved obviously (P<0.05). Compared with bu-tylphthalide low-dose group,myocardial infarction area and apoptosis rate of myocardial cells in butylphthalide high-dose group were obviously decreased(P<0.05);expressions of Caspase-3,Fas,Caspase-9 protein in myocardial cells in butylphthalide medi-um-dose,high-dose groups were obviously weakened,and Bcl-2 protein expression was obviously enhanced(P<0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Butylphthalide can effectively reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats,protect cardiac functions,and its mechanism may be related with up-regulating VEGF.

In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. Based on these results, hot-NaOH can be regarded as an option for Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment. Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed.
Biofuels ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Helianthus ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrolysis ; Lignin ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Sodium Hydroxide ; chemistry

Objective To analyze the clinical and molecular features of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in neonates and to investigate their antibiotic resistance profiles.Methods A total of 35 invasive CA-MRSA strains were collected from six hospitals in 2014.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and spa typing were used to analyze these isolated CA-MRSA strains.In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of those strains to 15 antibiotics were analyzed by using agar dilution method.Results Up to 88.6% patients were late-onset infection and septicemia (24, 68.5%) was the most common infection among the 35 cases.A total of 16 patients (45.7%) suffered from complications.Caesarean section and premature birth were risk factors for invasive CA-MRSA infection.ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 (14, 40%) was the most predominant CA-MRSA clone, followed by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅤ-t437 (13, 37.1%).The incidence of severe complications caused by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅤ-t437 was higher than that caused by ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 (P<0.05).Up to 85.7% of the isolated CA-MRSA strains were multidrug-resistant strains.Conclusion This study shows that neonatal invasive CA-MRSA infections mainly result in septicemia and are often accompanied by complications and involve multiple organs.Multidrug-resistant CA-MRSA strains are prevalent in neonates.ST59-MRSA-SCCmecⅣa-t437 is the predominant clone causing neonatal invasive CA-MRSA infection.

Objective To analyze of the risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn(PPHN) after resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia.Methods Total 92 cases of PPHN in neonatal asphyxia were admitted in NICU,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Jan.2009 to Dec.2013 as PPHN group.According to patients condition,to case-control study method were randomly selected 92 cases without PPHN in neonatal asphyxia in the same period as control group.Except for other serious complications with PPHN,such as respiratory distress syndrome,meconium inhalation,pulmonary hemorrhage,neonatal severe pulmonary infection and diaphragmatic hernia.Apgar score and rescue measures after asphyxia based on the newborn perinatal questionnaire and body temperature,blood sugar,arterial blood gas and echocardiography on admission were recorded.Results Respiratory treatment of PPHN group and control group were 71 cases (77.2％) vs 28 cases (30.4％),respectively.There was significant difference (x2 =6.380,P =0.012).On admission,mean arterial pressure [(32.36 ± 11.52) mmHg],temperature [(34.3 ±0.28) ℃],blood sugar [(2.56 ±0.77) mmol/L] and arterial blood pH value (7.16 ±0.21) in PPHN group were lower than those of the control group [(38.55 ± 9.18) mmHg,(36.5 ± 0.71) ℃,(3.46 ± 0.53) mmol/L,7.21 ±0.14].For mild and severe asphyxia cases in the PPHN group,blood gas and pulmonary hypertension had no statistical difference after rescucitation in the delivery hospital.Conclusions Acidosis,hypothermia,low blood pressure and hypoglycaemia after resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia are major risk factors for genesis of PPHN.This research shows that rescue after asphyxia timely,early and respiratory support effectively,monitoring closely,treatment of hypoglycemia and hypothermia,correct acidosis and maintain blood pressure can play a positive role in decreasing the morbidity of PPHN in neonatal asphyxia.

Objective To investigate the cardiac structure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of infant of diabetic mother(IDM),to analyze of the outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in IDM.Methods Totally 23 cases of IDM admitted in NICU from Feb.2012 to Jan.2013 were selected as observation group,randomly selected from the same period with gestational age of diabetic mother baby 23 cases as control group.The interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,aortic valve internal diameter,right ventricular diameter,ejection fraction were detected and compared between the 2 groups.And echocardiography was followed up in 3 months and 6 months old.Results In IDM group,interventricular septum thickness [(3.20 ± 0.28) mm],left ventricular posterior wall thickness [(3.40 ± 0.31) mm] were significantly higher than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Ejection fraction [(54.00 ± 3.76) × 10-2] was significantly lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Follow-up after 3 months,6 months old,interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction returned to normal.Four of the 23 cases(17.4％) had cardiac malformations.Conclusions IDM has high morbidity of congenital heart disease,echocardiography should be done to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease after birth.IDM combined with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a transient,benign process,prognosis is good.

Objective To discuss the clinical features of neonatal shock retrospectively.Methods Totally 144 neonates were enrolled in this retrospective study from Sep.2006 to Sep.2012 in NICU of Beijing Children's Hospital.Clinical data were collected from our database,including the primary disease,manifestation,laboratory findings,treatment and prognosis.Results According to the severity of shock,28 cases were mild,85 were moderate,31 were severe.Regarding to the type of shock,71 cases were cardiogenic shock,22 cases were hypovolemic shock,51 cases were septic shock.About 69.4％ patients were cured,only 9 cases died.Eight of them died of septic shock.Totally 33 cases in pH ＜7.15 group,2 of them died.In pH≥7.15 group,111 cases were involved,7 of them died.There was no significant difference of mortality between two groups (P =0.959).Conclusion Neonatal shock mostly occurred within 3 days after birth,and cardiogenic shock were dominating.Septic shock increased with age,and were responsible for death.

Objective To discuss the relationship between the clinical pathogenesis and progression in neonatal pulmonary hypertension in different stages.Methods Total 169 cases of pulmonary hypertension were admitted in our NICU from June 2006 to May 2012,all the cases were involved in this retrospective study.They were divided into two groups in chronological order:early group 79 cases (from June 2006 to May 2009) and late group 90 cases (from June 2009 to May 2012).The data records include gender,gestational age,protopathy,echocardiography examination results.Furthermore,the cause and development of neonatal pulmonary hypertension were analyzed in different stages.Results The admission time in the early group was later than the late group [(2.15 ± 1.2) d vs (1.41 ±0.70) d].Meconium aspiration syndrome in the early group were 25 cases (31.6％) and the late group were 14 cases (15.6％).Other complications,such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,aspiration pneumonia,wet lung/sepsis,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal infectious pneumonia had no difference between the two groups(P ＞0.05).Neonatal pulmonary hypertension in two groups had no statistical difference between term and post term patients,but premature in the early group (11 cases,13.9％) were less than the late group (23 cases,25.6％).Echocardiography was recorded after admission,mild and moderate pulmonary hypertension had no statistical differences in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The severe pulmonary hypertension cases in the early group were more than those in the late group (26 cases vs 17 cases).Conclusion Along with the improvement of perinatal monitoring and resuscitation technology in different stages,the cases of meconium aspiration syndrome with pulmonary hypertension are fallen down and the patients transferred to the superior hospital decreased.The amount of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants increases,and the admission time of patients with neonatal pulmonary hypertension are shortened.The amount of severe pulmonary hypertension are less than those in the early time.It plays a positive role in best approach to improving treatment and outcomes.

Aim To explore the change of mGluR1α and mGluR5 expression in brain CA1 region after infrasonic action, and the role of antagonist MCPG in rats. Methods 160 SD rats were divided randomly into infrasonic damage group and MCPG therapy group. The two groups were subdivided into control group and 1-time, 7-time and 14-time groups respectively. Rats were exposed to 8Hz, 130dB infrasound two hours each time. Expression of mGluR1α and mGluR5 were detected by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization methods. The morphological changes of neurons after MCPG therapy were observed under microscopes. Results Comparing with the control group, the number and the A value of mGluR1α and mGluR5 positive cells changed after one infrasonic action(P∨ 0.05); and the expression of mGluR1α and mGluR5 in the 7-time group were most obvious(P∨ 0.01); in the 14-time group, they recovered already to normal level. Morphological study confirmed that MCPG protected neurons from infrasonic damage. Conclusion Change of mGluR1α and mGluR5 activity can mediate exciting neurotoxicity after infrasonic action, and it is one of the major factors relative to neurons injury, MCPG had an protective effect on brain damage caused by infrasound.