Aim To study the mitochondria-protective effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg_3 on focal cerebral ischemia injuries and its mechanism in rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia model.After 24 h occlusion,cortex mitochondria was isolated and prepared for the measurement of membrane fluidity,swelling,phospholipid content,respiratory function,activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and superoxide dismutase(SOD),contents of phospholipid,malondial dehyde(MDA) and Ca~(2+) to evaluate the function of mitochondrial.Results Focal cerebral ischemia resulted in severe neuronal mitochondrial injuries,which could be alleviated by iv 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg_3 5 mg?kg~(-1),10 mg?kg~(-1),and nimodipine 1.0 mg?kg~(-1).The swelling of mitochondria was ameliorated,the decomposability of membrane phospholipid was decreased,the membrane fluidity of mitochondria was increased.20(S)-ginsenoside Rg_3 also significantly inhibited the decrease in the activities of respiratory(enzymes) and SOD of mitochondrial,and the increase in MDA and Ca~(2+) levels caused by cerebral ischemia in rats.Conclusion 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg_3 showed a protective action against the cortex mitochondrial injuries in rats induced by cerebral ischemia.The mechanisms may be derived from reducing lipid peroxides,inhibiting Ca~(2+) overload,scavenging free radicals and improving the energy metabolism.

This experimental study was aimed to evaluate the injurious effects of chronic traumatic brain injury on cortex mitochondrial function in rats. The head of rat was impacted by a metal sphere in a weight-drop device twice per day for 30 days, cortex mitochondria were isolated. Then the mitochondria membrane fluidity, swelling, respiratory function, the activities of mitochondria respiratory enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the levels of phospholipid, malondial dehyde (MDA) and Ca2+ were determined to analyze the function of mitochondria. The data indicated that chronic closed traumatic brain injury caused severe neuronal mitochondrial injuries. The swelling of mitochondria was aggravated, the decomposability of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid was increased, the membrane fluidity of mitochondria was decreased; the chronic closed traumatic brain injury also significantly depressed the activities of respiratory enzymes and SOD of mitochondria, increased the level of MDA and Ca2+. The chronic closed traumatic brain injury induced damage to rat cortex mitochondria. The mechanisms may be derived from the secondary increase of free radicals induced by mitochondrial membrane injury and the obstacle of rat brain energy metabolism.
Animals ; Brain Injury, Chronic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mitochondria ; pathology ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM To study the effects of polydatin on free radical induced rat cortex mitochondria injury. METHODS Fe 2++VitC system was used to produce ?OH. The mitochondria was isolated. Mitochondria membrane fluidity, swelling and contents of phospholipid were determined to measure the function of mitochondria membrane. The activities of ATPase and Cytochrome C oxidase were determined to measure the ability of mitochondria energy metabolism. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondial dehyde (MDA) were determined to measure the ability of anti oxygenation. RESULTS ?OH resulted in severe neuronal mitochondria injuries and the injuries and the injuries was alleviated by Polydatin (content of 100,200,400 mg?L -1). The swelling of mitochondria was ameliorated, the decomposability of mitochondrion membrane phospholipid was decreased, the membrane fluidity of mitochondria was increased. Polydatin also significantly inhibited the decrease in SOD, Cytochrome C oxidase and ATPase activity and the increase in MDA levels caused by free radical. CONCLUSION Polydatin has a protective action against the rat neuronal mitochondria injuries induced by oxygen free radical. The mechanisms may be derived from scavenging free radicals, reducing lipid peroxides, and improving the energy metabolism.

BACKGROUND:Pedicle screw is the major instrumentation of surgery in thoracic spine. However, there have been few reports about pedicle morphology relevant to screw insertion tracts, and few reports comparing the normal adolescents and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. OBJECTIVE:To compare the morphologic characteristics of the thoracic pedicle with regard to safe thoracic pedicle screw placement in normal adolescents and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. METHODS: Thoracic pedicles of thirty-five normal adolescents and thirty-five adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients were measured with three-dimensional reconstruction CT images. Measured parameters include (1) critical distance: the shortest distance from an entry point to the ventral cortex of the lamina. (2) Safe distance: the distance from the entry point to the tangent of the spinal canal at the medial wal of the pedicle. (3) Pedicle screw length. (4) Pedicle width. (5) Pedicle transverse angle. The dangerous area was defined as the distance between the critical distance and the safe distance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean critical distance was (9.2±1.0) mm for the normal adolescents, and (9.4±1.2) mm for the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Safe distances were significantly less in normal adolescents (14.7±0.8) mm than that of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group (15.4±1.4) mm (P < 0.001). The dangerous area was (5.4±0.7) mm for the normal adolescents, which was significantly less than that of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (6.0±1.0) mm (P < 0.001). Pedicle screw length was (36.6±4.1) mm for the normal adolescents and (37.1±5.3) mm for the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Pedicle width was (5.8±1.2) mm for the normal adolescents and (5.7±1.7) mm for the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. No significant difference in critical distance, pedicle screw length and pedicle width was found between the two groups (P=0.382, 0.135, 0.293). Pedicle transverse angle decreased gradualy from T1 to T12 in both groups. These results verify that pedicle morphology of many parameters is different between normal adolescents and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, especialy in the apical area of the thoracic curve.

Objective To measure the range of routine blood counts and blood biochemical parameters ,to analyze hemorheology of the rats with congenital cataract .Methods Blood samples were taken from 90 rats with congenital cataract weight about 185 ~211 g.Routine blood analysis was performed and blood biochemical and hemorheology paramenters were determind using an automatic blood biochemical and hemorheology analyzer .Results There were no significant difference ( P >0.05 ) between the cataract rats and the normal rats in Blood test results; but there were significant difference between the microphthalmos cataract rats and the normal same -sex rats ( P <0.01 or P <0.05 ) . The biochemical results is the cataract rats and the normal rats were different significantly in ALB group ( P <0.01 or P<0.05), and the female microphthalmos cataract rats compared with the control rats had significant difference in Ure (P<0.01) , the female cataract rats ompared with the normal rats were very significant difference in Cr group ( P <0.05 or P <0.01).The erythrocyte counts of the male cataract rats and male microphthalmos cataract rats were significantly lower than that in the female ones, respectively(P <0.05, P <0.01).The platelet counts of the male cataract rats and the male microphthalmos cataract rats were significantly higher than that in the female ones , respectively(P <0.01), and the creatinine of the male cataract rats and the male microphthalmos cataract rats were significantly lower then that in the female ones, respectively(P <0.01).There were no significant difference in every group on hemorheology .Conclusions There were significant differences in some blood indexes between the congenital cataract rats and the normal rats .These data may become useful reference for biomedical researcher in this field .

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric effects of air cavity on primary tumor and organs at risk (OARs) during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Methods Nine patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had CT simulation before treatment and on the 25 fraction of radiotherapy.Radiotherapy plan1 was first created by delineating the target volumes and OARs on the first CT image, which was then copied and merged with the second CT image.Air cavity that was formed following tumor volume regression was delineated on the first CT image, and the density of air cavity was set to zero.A new gross target volume (GTV) was formed by subtracting the air cavity from the original GTV, and the new CT image was named CTAir.Plan2 was then created by calculating the dose distribution on CTAir using the same portals and parameters as Plan1.Assuming that Plan1 and Plan2 were both used throughout the course of radiotherapy, the dosimetric parameters of nasopharyngeal tumor and OARs in the absence and presence of air cavity were then compared using the paired t-test.Results Dmean, D95, D90, D10, and D5 of tumor were significantly higher in plan2 than in plan1(P=0.000, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.005, respectively), with a<0.5 Gy increase in dose.A dose build-up effect was observed within the tumor region posterior to the air cavity, where the highest dose was 1.4 cm posterior to the air cavity, resulting in a dose difference of 0.36 Gy.In addition, D2cc and D1cc of the brain stem were significantly higher in plan2 than in plan1(P=0.036 and 0.044, respectively).Dmax of the optical chiasm, left optical nerve, and right optical nerve were also increased in the presence of air cavity (P=0.438, 0.434, and 0.477, respectively), but the change in dose was<0.12 Gy.Conclusions Air cavity induces a small but negligible increase in the tumor and OARs dose in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during IMRT.However, closer monitoring should be conducted for patients with OARs that is close to or has surpassed tolerance prior to radiotherapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism and prevention of invisible injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) system in thyroid surgery, with the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring ( IONM ) system. MethodsThe type of invisible RLN injury and its protection with the application of IONM system were analyzed. ResultsThe causes of invisible RLN injury mainly included stretching of Berry ligament or the tumor,contusion, thermal injury, cutting of silk and suction injury. RLN invisible injury was recoverable through neurotrophic and symptomatic treatment. No permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred. ConclusionsWith the application of IONM system, some invisible type of RLN injuries can be found. The risk of RLN injury can be reduced if the surgical techniques are improved with the development of study on mechanism of IONM system.

Objective To investigate the effect of tiaozhi granules on the autophagy of HU-VECs in the cell,protein and molecular levels.Methods HUVECs were induced by tiaozhi granule medicated serum,6-amino-3-methyl purine (3-MA) and rapamycin.MTT was used to detect the cell viability after 48 hours with tiaozhi granule medicated serum.Western blot was used to detect the expressive level of LC3-Ⅱ.Immunofluorescence was used to detect change in the numbers of autophagosomes.Results After HUVECs was processed by tiaozhi granule medicated serum,the cell viability had not change,the relative expression of autophagy related protein LC3-Ⅱ increased,and the number of autophagosomes increased (P ＜ 0.05).After HUVECs was processed by tiaozhi granule medicated serum and rapamycin,cell viability had no change,while the relative expression of autophagy related protein LC3-Ⅱ and the number of autophagosomes decreased significantly when compared with the results of intervention with rapamycin only (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Tiaozhi granules can inhibit excessive autophagy of endothelial cells and promote moderate autophagy in endothelial cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of tiaozhi granules on the autophagy of HU-VECs in the cell,protein and molecular levels.Methods HUVECs were induced by tiaozhi granule medicated serum,6-amino-3-methyl purine (3-MA) and rapamycin.MTT was used to detect the cell viability after 48 hours with tiaozhi granule medicated serum.Western blot was used to detect the expressive level of LC3-Ⅱ.Immunofluorescence was used to detect change in the numbers of autophagosomes.Results After HUVECs was processed by tiaozhi granule medicated serum,the cell viability had not change,the relative expression of autophagy related protein LC3-Ⅱ increased,and the number of autophagosomes increased (P ＜ 0.05).After HUVECs was processed by tiaozhi granule medicated serum and rapamycin,cell viability had no change,while the relative expression of autophagy related protein LC3-Ⅱ and the number of autophagosomes decreased significantly when compared with the results of intervention with rapamycin only (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Tiaozhi granules can inhibit excessive autophagy of endothelial cells and promote moderate autophagy in endothelial cells.