[Objective]Through the anatomical observation and measurement on middle and distal humerus and radial nerve,To investigete a new radial nerve transfer operation.[Method]By means of anatomical methods,radial nerve's stretching branch,the relationship between radial nerve and deep brachial vessel in 30 upper climbs were observed and measured on 15 adults fixed in 10% formalin.The anatomical structures of humerus of one hundred specimens were also observed.This data were made by designing and performing the radial transfer operation after statistical analyzing.[Result](1)Length of humerus: The left side was (30.60?1.46)cm and the right side(31.37?1.23)cm.The length of sulcus for radial nerve: the left side was(5.65?1.01)cm and the right side(6.57?0.58)cm.The stretch angle of radial nerve: the left was 13.00??1.08?,the right13.86??0.97?.(2)The stretch angle of radial nerve: the radial nerve in the sulcus for radial nerve went from superomidial region to lateral lower region and the angle open to the inner part was formed.The angle is obvious in 29 sides,that was 96.67%,and not obvious only in 1 side,that was 3.33%.(3)The position of the radial nerve superficial and deep branches: The radial nerve in 17 sides branches were above interepicondylar line,which was 76.67%.Below the line were 10 sides,cover 33.33% and on the line 3 sides,cover 10.00%.(4)The curve distance between the exit of radial nerve and the brarnches was(14.26?1.01)cm.(5)The relationship between radial nerve and deep brachial vessel: the radial nerve lies inside of the deep brachial vessel were 12 sides,lies the outside of the deep brachial vessel were 10 sides and cross the deep brachial vessel were 8 sides.[Conclusion]The design of radial nerve transfer operation is reasonable,it conforms to the radial nerve's anatomy and physiology and provides much wider operation space for the performing of all kinds of internal fixation on fractures of middle and distal humerus.It reduces the injury of the radial nerve in the course of the operation and alter the operation while taking the internal fixation substance out.It doesn't increase the difficulty and injury.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficacy of reinforcing short-segment pedicle screw fixation with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures.[Method]Seventy patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures were treated with short-segment pedicle screw fixation.Fractures in Group A(n =20) were reinforced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion.Group B patients(n =50) were not treated with morselized bone grafting.Kyphotic deformity,anterior vertebral height,instrument failure rates,and neurological function outcomes were compared between the two groups.[Result]Kyphosis correction was achieved in Group A(morselized bone grafting) and Group B(Group A,6.4 degrees,Group B,5.4 degrees).At the end of the follow-up period,kyphosis correction was maintained in Group A but lost in Group B(Group A,0.33-degree loss,Group B,6.20-degree loss)(P=0.0001).After surgery,greater anterior vertebral height was achieved in Group A than in Group B(Group A,12.9%,Group B,2.3%)(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy with pingyangmycin (bleomycin A5) for the treatment of human prostate cell line PC 3M in vitro. Methods The prostate cancer cells were treated by pingyangmycin alone, electric pulse alone and by electrochemotherapy, i.e. electric pulses were delivered after pingyangmycin was given. Cytotoxicity was examined by MTT assay and histological examination. Results The maximum nontoxic dose for pingyangmycin was 0.1 ?g/ml; The maximum voltage not showing cytotoxicity was 125 V/mm.The 50% inhibitory concentration was 100 times reduced in electrochemotherapy than pingyangmycin alone. Conclusions The cytotoxicity of pingyangmycin can be enhanced by electric impulses. Pingyangmycin may be a novel drug for electrochemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment procedures for malignant pheochromocytoma. Methods 12 cases of malignant pheochromocytoma surgically treated were reviewed.This series comprised of 4 male and 8 female patients.All the tumors were confirmed on surgery and pathological studies. Results All the cases were operated.One died of hypotension after surgery.11 cases have been followed up for 2.5～13.0 years.4 died of recurrence and complication of hypertension.3 died of extensive metastases more then one year after operation.One died of pulmonary infection 4 years after operation and the others have been surviving. Conclusions Imaging procedures are important for the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma.Recurrent tumors greater than 5 cm in diameter and uneven density in the tumor denote malignancy.Prompt radical extirpation of the tumor is the only means to achieve a long survival.

Objective To explore the imaging diagnostic method of Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC). Methods Imaging and pathologic features of MCC of 1 female and 44 years old patient were determinded by CT, MRI, pathologic examination and operative observation. Results MCC is a rare subepidermal carcinoma, and most located in the head, neck region and extrimities. Clinically, only a presumptive diagnosis of MCC can be established. The definite diagnosis of MCC can be made only by pathologic examination, especially immunohistological method. MCC is red and brown, and looks like rotten meat. MCC texture is middle with rich blood supply. MCC can invade occipital bone, occipital muscles, dura and cerebellar tissues. Optical microscope observation showed that MCC is located at dermis, and sometimes at subcutaneous tissues. MCC cells are gathered in groups, their sizes are unanimous, and their shapes look like lymphocytes. The cell nuclei of MCC looklike empty bubbles, and have many karyokinesis. The chromatin of MCC is very fine. The cytoplasms of MCC are little, and oxyphil staining. Immunohistological staining showed that both NSE (neuron-specific enolase) and CK(cytokeratin) are positive. The CT imaging of MCC is higher density. The MRI imaging of MCC is lower signals with unclear border in T1w and T2w, but becomes clear in enhanced MRI. Tumor cells invasion to soft tissues and bones could be seen on CT or MRI. Conclusion CT and MRI could clearly show the characteristics of MCC, and provide valuable information for operative treatment of MCC.

Objective To understand the typing and clinical significance of M-protein,to raise the understanding and diagnostic level through analysis of 639 patients with M-protein.Methods To analysis age,sex and disease of M-protein positive patients,charateristic and content difference of multiple myeloma(MM)and monoclonal gammopathy of undeterminal significance(MGUS).Results In 639 patients with M-proteinemia,there were 409 patients with IgG-type(64%),80 IgA-type(12.5%),79 IgM-type(12.4%),4 IgD-type(0.6%),9 ? light chain(1.4%),18 ? light chain(2.8%),27 double clone(4.2%),oligoclone(2.0%).There were 115 MM(18.0%),13 Waldenstrm's macroglobulinemia(2.0%),1 primary amyloidosis of kidney,19 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)(3%),5 chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)(0.8%),473 MGUS(74.0%).Conclusion M-proteinemia is a clinical phonomenon,mainly in MM and lymphocytic proliferative disease.There is an improving tendency in MGUS detectable rate.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates which obtained from different origins.METHODS The isolates of S.aureus were derived from clinical samples by routine methods.The identification and susceptibility test of the isolates were determined by Automated Microbiology Analyzer.Disk-diffusion test(K-B method) was used for detecting meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA).?2 Test was made to identify the significance of difference.RESULTS A total of 248 S.aureus strains were isolated from blood(25),medical internal catheter(27),pus(89),sputum(93),and urine(14).All isolates of S.aureus were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.The resistant rates of S.aureus isolates from pus to chloramphenicol,gentamicin,oxacillin,penicillin,rifampicin,tetracycline and levofloxacin all significantly lower than those of isolates from sputum(P

Objective:To study the effect of anti CD3 monoclonal antibody on preventing acute rejection episodes after renal transplantation.Methods:42 patients undergoing renal transplantation were treated with anti CD3 monoclonal antibody (5 mg) daily for a mean of 10 days (treated group).122 patients who were not treated with anti CD3 monoclonal antibody (control group).Acute rejection episodes,graft loss,death and rate of CMV infection in patients were observed.Results:The treated group had a significantly reduced risk of acute rejection (18 6%),as compared with the control group (28 7%).The rate of graft loss were significantly reduced in the treated group 1 year,2 years,or 3 years after renal transplantation.There were no significant differences in mortality between treated group and control group 1 year,2 years,or 3 years after renal transplantation.The incidence rate of CMV infection were significantly increased in the treated group (33 3%),as compared with the control group (13 9%).The first acute rejection episode was postponed significantly in the treated group.There were more acute rejection episodes that could be reversed by MP in the treated group.Conclusion:Anti CD3 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the risk of acute rejection and significantly reduced the rate of graft loss.Anti CD3 monoclonal antibody significantly increased the incidence rate of CMV infection,which should be paid attention. [

Objective To explore the relationships between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene G196A polymorphisms and psychopathology and the cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.Methods 224 patients and 220 normal controls were examined with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining to determine genotype and allele of G196A.Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).Cognitive function was assessed with Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) and Trail Making Test(CPT).To analyse the differences of the scores of Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) among the patients with the genotype G/G,G/A and A/A.At the same time,the differences of the performance of WCST and CPT were analyzed.Results ①There were no significant differences of the genotypes G/G,G/A and A/A and allele G and A between patients and controls.②There were significant differences of the genotypes A/A between patients with Positive Symptoms and patients with Negative Symptoms (x2 =4.558,P ＜ 0.05).③There were no significant differences in the performances of complete categorizations and persistent wrong numbers of WCST and the performances of CPT among three groups of patients with genotype G/G,G/A and A/A (One-Way ANOVA,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BDNF gene G196A polymorphisms are not associated with schizophrenia and the cognitive function but are associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

To enhance the fusion of graft bone in thoracolumbar vertebrae and minimize the postoperative loss of correction, short-segment pedicle screw fixation was reinforced with posterior moselizee bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures. Seventy patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures were treated by short-segment pedicle screw fixation and were randomly divided into two groups. Fractures in group A (n=20) were reinforced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion, while patients group B (n=50) did not receive the morselized bone grafting for bone fusion. The two groups were compared in terms of kyphotic deformity, anterior vertebral height, instrument failure and neurological functions after the treatment. Frankel grading system was used for the evaluation of neurological evaluation and Denis scoring scale was employed for pain assessment. The results showed that the kyphosis correction was achieved in both group A and group B (group A: 6.4 degree; group B: 5.4 degree)/ At the end of follow-up, kyphosis correction was maintained in group A but lost in group B (P=0.0001). Postoperatively, greater anterior height was achieved in group A than in group B (P<0.01). During follow-up study, anterior vertebral height was maintained only in Group A (P<0.001). Both group A and group B showed good Denis pain scores (P1 and P2) but group A outdid group B in terms of control of severe and constant pain (P4 and P5). By Frankel criteria, the changes in neurological functions in group A was better than those of group B (P<0.001). It is concluded that reinforcement of short-segment pedicle fixation with morselized bone grafting for the treatment of patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture could achieve and maintain kyphosis correction, and it may also increase and maintain anterior vertebral height. Morselized bone grafting in vertebrae offers immediate spinal stability in patients with thoracolumbar vertebrate fractures, decreases the instrument failure and provides better postoperative pain control than without the morselized bone grafting.
Bone Screws ; Bone Transplantation/*instrumentation ; Bone Transplantation/*methods ; Kyphosis/etiology ; Kyphosis/*surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; Spinal Fractures/*surgery ; Spinal Fusion