Objective To explore the change of venous blood phase values detected by enhanced gradient echo T2 star weighted angiography(ESWAN)sequence in mild and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) models of rabbits in diverse phases and investigate their association with neurological severity scale (NSS) scores. Methods Fifty-one New Zealand rabbits, which were randomly divided into control group (n=3) ,mild injured group (n=24) , and severe injured group (n=24) by random digital table method, underwent routine MRI and ESWAN sequence at the time points of baseline, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks after injury(3 rabbits per subgroup)respectively. Blood phase values in veins of interest were recorded. Observation of behavior characteristics and abnormalities, followed by NSS, was executed post injury, and the correlation between venous blood phase values and NSS scores was statistically analyzed. Two independent-samples t-test was applied to compare venous blood phase values of diverse measured veins in each group separately at every time ponits. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze venous blood phase values varying over time of measured vessels in each injured group. Least significant difference t-test was applied to compare blood phase values within the subgroups with each other at each time point. NSS scores of mild and severe injured groups were compared by two independent-samples t-test. Correlations between venous blood phase values and NSS scores in each vein and group was analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis. Results Blood phase values in veins of interest presented an inclination of descending, which was more obvious in severe injured groups than in the mild. Change of venous blood phase values over time featured continuing reduction in earlier phases which reached to the minimum in 24-48h, and then increased gradually, especially in VMV, VLV, DSS, and MDVB (P<0.05). ICV and DCV also showed similar trend. Values of NSS scores in the two group were (15.5 ± 3.1) and (33.2 ± 6.5) respectively (t=3.543,P=0.001). Blood phase values in most of the measured veins correlated with NSS scores (P<0.05) after 6h post injury, especially significant during 24-72h among all the measured veins(P<0.05). Higher accuracy and sensitivity were presented in the supratentorial or superficial veins compared with subtentorial or profound veins. Conclusions It is feasible to evaluate oxygen saturation of veins after TBI by measuring venous blood phase values on ESWAN images. The method is effective in the assessment of the degree of injury and clinical status, indicating a favorable application prospect.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the comprehensive quantitative　assessment system in the review of senior clinical titles so as to set up a comprehensive appraisal　system for clinicians.Methods A retrospective analysis was made to compare the objective parameters　for performance appraisal of the applicants for senior titles before and after the adoption of the　comprehensive quantitative assessment system,namely,between 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010.Results The parameters were improved in aspects of clinical practice,education and research.And　the average age of applicants was lowered.Conclusion The new assessment system works well for　clinician appraisal,and produces a positive guiding effect of the senior title review on hospital　development.Suggestions are also made to solve the existing problems and to improve the system.

Objective To investigate dynamic regulation of quantifying fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in rotational brain injury models of rabbit using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and its correlation with β?amyloid precursor protein (β-APP). Methods Forty-two 6-month-old New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, including control group (n=6), mild injured group (n=18) and severe injured group (n=18), and preformed on autonomous rapidly rotational brain injury device. The rotational angles of 45° for mild injured group and 90° for severe injured group were condemned, and MRI and pathology were conducted at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 1 week after injury (3 rabbits per subgroup). Routine sequences and DTI technique were performed on 3.0 T MRI. FA and ADC values in subcortical white matter, corpus callosum and brain stem were measured. Independent t?test was performed to evaluate the significance of the intergroup difference in FA and ADC values in mild and severe injured groups of verious brain regions by timing, one?way ANOVA was performed to evaluate its timing variation and its correlation with the number of the β-APP positive axons was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results FA and ADC values of the severe injured group were lower than that of the mild in most brain regions(P<0.05), and the difference in mild injured group was smaller than that in severe injured group. Both FA and ADC values in brain stem of the severe injured group were lower at 6 h after injury compared to mild injured group, which were sensitive to injury. Furthermore, FA and ADC values in each brain regions of mild and severe injured groups showed similar dynamic trends, namely gradually decreasing by time, and FA values were more sensitive to injury than ADC values. FA values in subcortical white matter and brain stem reduced in severe injured group at 6 h after injury compared with that before injury(P<0.05), and decreased in various brain area of both injured groups at 12 h after injury(P<0.05). Meanwhile, ADC values in all regions were declined in the severe injured group at 12 h after injury(P<0.05), and decreased in various regions in both injured groups at 24—48 h after injury(P<0.05)except for subcortical white matter in mild injured group. There were statistically negative correlations between FA and ADC values and the number of β-APP positive axons in 12—48 h after injury in most regions(P<0.05). Conclusions DTI can quantitatively detect and assess the pathological process in white matter and axons of TBI in earlier stage of the brain injury, and can be applied in evaluation and quantitative diagnose in these patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of gastric cracks by investigating the relationship between stomach cracks under gastroscopy and H.pylori infection as well as its pathological manifestation,in order to improve the detection rate of H.pylori.Methods Gastroscopy patients were enrolled as our subjects excluding those with tumors,major diseases and under 18 years old.Mucosal biopsies were obtained from the lesser curvature of antrum and the greater curvature of body in each patient,then by HE staining,pathological and HP examination.The information including the pathological diagnosis,HP antibody,rapid urease test,endoscopic diagnosis and endoscopic gastric body cracking phenomenon were collected from all patient.H.pylori positivity was defined as a patient who showed two or more positive results in the Rapid Urea's Test,pathohistological examination and H.pylori antibody detection.Results (1) 437 patients with gastroscopy were included between December 2009 and December 2011,among whom 210 were male and 227 were female.There were 32 cases with gastric ulcer,59 cases with duodenal ulcer,51 cases with duodenitis,62 cases with reflux esophagitis,and 276 cases with chronic gastritis.(2) H.pylori distribution in stoma of all patients:160 of 437 patients(36.61％) are H.pylori positive,of which 68.75％ (110/160) was found H.pylori positive in both of gastric antrum and body,25.63％ (41/160) was H.pylori positive only in antrum,and 3.13％ (5/160) was H.pylori positive only in the body of stomach.(3)Relationship between the presence of cracks in gastric body and H.pylori infection:the H.pylori positivity was 62.58％ (97/155) and 22.34％ (63/282) respectively in the group with or without the presence of cracks in body.Cracks in gastric body examined by gastroscopy was related to H.pylori infection(x2 =69.788,P =0.000).(4) Relationship between the presence of cracks in gastric body and patho-histology:the presence of cracks in gastric body was related with severity of gastric inflammation by Wilcoxon rank sum test (P ＜ 0.0001),while there was no relationship between gastric body cracks and atrophy,intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia(P ＞ 0.05).(5) Relationship between the presence of cracks in gastric body and diseases:the presence of cracks in body was related with duodenitis,bile reflux under gastroscopy while there was no difference among in gastric body and gastric ulcer,esophagitis and chronic gastritis in terms of cracking appearance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Our finding showed that cracking appearance in the gastric body is related with severity of inflammation in gastric mucosa bile reflux and duodenitis,suggesting that it can be one of the gastroscopic manifestations of more severe gastritis.

Objective To explore the current status of job satisfaction of clinical medical staff and factors that influence the job satisfaction,and to put forward coping strategies and suggestions for improving the job satisfaction of clinical medical staff,so as to maintain workforce stability.Methods The paper will investigate the job satisfaction of clinical medical staff by sending questionnaires to all doctors and nurses working in a hospital,and use descriptive analysis and T test statistic method to analyze the current status of job satisfaction of questionnaire receivers as well as different dimensions of job satisfaction among different population groups.Results More than 85％ of questionnaire receivers think that the job they are doing is at higher risk.Over 80％ feel stressed out by their jobs.Less than 35％ are satisfied with their occupations,social status,working status,job security,and promotion opportunities.Less than 15％ feel respected by their jobs.Conclusions Generally,questionnaire receivers' job satisfaction is low.Heavy workload and poor quality of life are leading factors that contribute to their low job satisfaction.In this sense,we should adopt various measures to give attention to these key population groups.

Objective To investigate the proportion changes of the CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD8 + CD28 - T cells in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients. Methods The proportions of CD4 + CD25 + T cells and CD8 + CD28 - T cells in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients were determined by flow cytometry. 30 patients with gastric cancer and 30 patients with chronic gastritis were enrolled in this study. Results Compared with the chronic gastritis controls, the proportion of the CD4 + CD25 + T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer (8.7%±1.3%) was not significantly changed. But the proportion of the CD8 + CD28 - T cell in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer (30.3%±3.3%) was significantly higher than that of control group (20.3%±2.7%), P<0.05. There was no significant association between the proportions of T regulatory cells and the lymphomatic metastasis of gastric cancer. No relation was found between the proportions of T regulatory cells and pathological types of gastric cancer. Conclusion CD8 + CD28 - T ceils in peripheral blood may be of some value in the progression of gastric cancer.

Objective To promote professional training aid on healthcare talents in western China,this paper aims to explore methods and to evaluate the effectiveness of a new training system for underprivileged medical professionals from hospitals of western China.Methods Questionnaires and interviews were conducted to 115 trainees and their employers took part in the Counterpart Support Project.A retrospective analysis was done to evaluate key indicators of the trainees' professional competence.Results More than 90％ of the trainees have seen great improvement on basic healthcare knowledge,clinical skills,and diagnosis and treatment practice.About 80％ the participating hospitals have enjoyed varied degrees of growth in outpatient visits,surgical volume,number of inpatient and operational efficiency.(Increase level from 0％ to 50％) Conclusions Within the frist 3 years of implementation,this new model has been proven effective to enhance participants' overall professional competence,and by tapping into the significant resource of first class hospitals,this model will help greatly promoting the development of healthcare talents in Western China.

Objective To study the effects of abiotic elicitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the alkaloids accumulation and related enzymes metabolism inPinellia ternata suspension cell cultures. Methods Using the leaf petioles-derived suspension cell cultures as the study object, the culture duration, concentrations of MeJA and SA were determined to get the optimal alkaloids accumulation, and the activities of metabolic enzymes IMP dehydrogenase and sAMP synthase were also measured.Results A 9-fold of dried biomass and a 3-fold of alkaloids accumulation were observed inP. ternata suspension cell cultures after culture for 21 d. Both MeJA and SA could significantly promote the accumulation of alkaloids inP. ternata suspension cells. 150 μmol/L MeJA enhanced alkaloids content (4.7 mg/gDW) by 3.6 folds in comparison with control group, whereas 50 μmol/L SA showed a 2.5-fold increase. Meanwhile, 100 μmol/L MeJA and 50 μmol/L SA promoted the increase in IMP dehydrogenase activity by 3.0 and 3.7 fold respectively, and 150 μmol/L MeJA and 100 μmol/L SA showed the increase by 2.6 and 4.4 fold respectively.Conclusion Proper adding exogenous MeJA and SA can promote the accumulation of alkaloids inPinellia ternata suspension cell cultures.

Objective To explore the effect of QizhiJiangtang Capsule on the insulin resistance (IR)in the diabetic rats,and to clarify the action mechanism.Methods The diabetes rat models were induced by high fat diet combined with STZ injection.The successful models of the rats were randomly divided into diabetes group (DM), ShenqiJiangtang Granule group (SQ)and high (QJH),middle-(QJM),low (QJL)doses of QizhiJiangtang Capsule groups;at the same time control group (NC)was established. The drug concentrations in high, middle and low-doses of QizhiJiangtang Capsules groups were 1.35, 0.68, and 0.34 g · kg-1 respectively;and the concentration of ShenqiJiangtang Granule was 0.27 g·kg-1.After the diabetic model was established successfully, the rats were treated for 8 weeks on the basis of drug dose.Then the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),insulin resistance index (IRI)and biochemical indexes related to lipid metabolism of the rats were measured using blood glucose detector and automatic biochemistry analyser.The gene expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1),phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K),and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)in liver tissue were examined by Real Time PCR.The levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and adiponectin (ADPN)in serum were detected using ELISA.Results Compared with control group,the levels of FBG,FINS and IRI of the rats in diabetes group were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01 );the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG)and low density lipoprotein (LDL)levels were significantly increased (P<0.05 ), while the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)level was significantly decreased (P<0.05);the mRNA expression levels of IRS-1,PI3K and GLUT4 in liver tissue were decreased (P<0.05);the level of serum TNF-αwas increased (P<0.05),but the ADPN level was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with diabetes group,the FBG level and IRI of the rats in QizhiJiangtang Capsule and ShenqiJiangtang Granule groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01);the levels of FINS of the rats middle and high doses of in QizhiJiangtang Capsule groups and ShenqiJiangtang Granule group were significantly decreased (P<0.05);the levels of serum TC,TG and LDL of the rats in middle dose of QizhiJiangtang Capsule group and ShenqiJiangtang Granule group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),but the HDL level was increased (P<0.05);the mRBA expression lvels of IRS-1,PI3K and GLUT4 inliver tissue were increased (P<0.05);the levels of serum TNF-αof the rats in middle dose of QizhiJiangtang Capsule group and Shenqijiangtang Granule group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),but the serum ADPN levels were increased (P<0.05 ). Conclusion QizhiJiangtang Capsule can significantly improve the IR in the diabetic rats,and the pharmacological mechanisms are related to adapting the blood lipid component and insulin signal transduction pathways.

Bone graft is an important basic condition for repairing skull defect caused by various reasons,but whether autologous bone graft or allograft bone transplantation,the clinical limitations was increasingly significant.With the development of bone tissue engineering,the introduction of bone progenitor cells and growth factors into composite scaffolds made from natural or synthetic materials,and as a substitute for bone graft has become a hot spot of research.It will review the research progress on bone graft substitute and bone biomimetic scaffold material,so as to provides reference on the further investigations.