Objective To investigate the CT performances and causes of misdiagnosis of parovarian cyst,to improve its diagnostic accuracy.Methods CT data of 75 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed parovarian cyst were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 75 patients,there were 79 cysts,in which 48 patients (51 cysts)originated from the epoophoron and 27 patients (28 cysts) from the mesosalpinx.77 were simple serous cysts and 2 serous cystadenomas.38 were located in the right ovarian adnexa,36 in the left ovarian adnexa,3 in the anterosuperior uterus,1 in the rectouterine pouch and 1 in the right iliac fossa.The size of the cysts ranged from 10 mm × 13 mm to 174 mm × 227 mm.75 were single cysts and 4 double cysts,34 presented as ovoid cysts,25 as irregular cysts, 17 as round cysts and 3 as gourd-shaped cysts.All the 79 cysts showed clear boundaries,thin walls,non-mural nodules,cystic fluid with a homogeneous densitywith CT value of 0-31 HU.Enhanced scanning revealed curved “obvious enhancement of the fallopian tube”at the edge of 68 cysts.In addition,the ipsilateral ovary could be detected in 76 cysts.“Holding ball”was found in 1 9 cysts.Conclusion Indication in ipsilateral ovary,curved “obvious enhancement of the fallopian tube”at the edge of cysts and “holding ball”are distinctive CT performances of parovarian cysts.CT has an important diagnostic value in parovarian cyst.

Many studies have shown that Chinese herb extracts could treat patients who suffer hepatitis C. However, the clinical efficacy is limited due to the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds. Because each drug contains multiple active substances, some of which may even act against each other in vivo, it is hard to clarify the mechanism of treatment. The current research on pseudotyped hepatitis C virus (HCV), replicon, and cell culture system is summarized, and the advances in antiviral research on the monomers or active components of Chinese herbs in vitro based on HCV RNA models are reviewed, thus providing new ideas for TCM treatment of hepatitis C.

Objective: To investigate the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin on the glioblastoma U87 cells and its regulation of OCT-4 gene expression. Methods: Glioblastoma U87 cells were treated with different concentrations of apicidin, and dimethyl sulfoxide instead of apicidin was negative control. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the proliferative ability of U87 cells treated by apicidin. The cell apoptosis was observed under the fluorescence microscope, and the cell cycle was detected by using flow cytometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot was used to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of U87 cells, respectively relative to the expression of GAPDH. Results: MTT assay results showed that apicidin inhibited U87 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, and half of the inhibitory concentration of cell proliferation at 48 h was (1.74±0.13) μmol/L. The cell proportion of U87 cells in S-phase of the negative control, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 μmol/L apicidin was (32.68±0.49)%, (33.73±0.76)%, (42.92±0.56)%, and (56.95±0.53)%, respectively after 48 h apicidin administration (P < 0.05), while the proportion of G₁ and G₂ phase cells was decreased. The karyopyknosis and other apoptotic changes were detected in U87 cells after 48 h treatment of 1.0 μmol/L apicidin under the confocal fluorescence microscope. Western blot and RT-PCR showed that the mRNA and protein relative levels of U87 cells OCT-4 were reduced after 1.0 μmol/L apicidin treatment for 48 h compared with the negative control group (mRNA: 72.44±0.00 vs. 56.66±0.23; protein: 86.59±0.19 vs. 56.04±0.15, both P < 0.01). Conclusions Apicidin can inhibit the growth of glioblastoma U87 cells, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the expression of OCT-4 inhibited by apicidin.

Clinically,arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is a common intracranial vascular disease.Traditional treatments for cerebral AVM include microsurgical resection,endovascular embolization and radiotherapy.However,there are some unusual AVM lesions that are difficult to be cured by traditional methods.Multiple case reports that have been published recently indicate that embolization therapy via transvenous approach is very effective for these unusual AVM lesions,especially for small hemorrhagic AVMs.These lesions often have single vein drainage and are located at deep cerebral function area.with their blood supply being from fine arteries.This paper aims to review the existing literature and to make a summary about the indications,method of operation,risks and prevention,etc.of embolization therapy via transvenous approach for cerebral AVM.

Objective:To provide insight into the diagnosis for clinicians, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment history of 3 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) and testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) were analyzed.Methods:The clinical, laboratory and imaging data of 3 male patients with 21-OHD and TART, confirmed with CYP21 gene sequencing, from May 2010 to May 2021 in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment strategy and clinical outcome were followed up.Results:All the 3 patients were first diagnosed with bilateral adrenal mass at the age of 27-42 years old. They were 145-162 cm tall. The levels of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of the 3 patients were relatively high, and that of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the 3 patients were low. Testosterone level of 1 patient was significantly elevated, and that of the other 2 patients was below the lower limit of normal range. Testicular ultrasound showed heterogeneous hyperechoic masses in both testes. CT of the adrenal glands showed bilateral adrenal enlargement with mass. All 3 patients were treated with dexamethasone. After 4-96 months of follow-up, 17-hydroxyprogesterone level was kept above the median normal level. One of the patients got married and had a baby after treatment. The sizes of adrenal hyperplasia and testicular masses reduced to various degrees with the change of the testicular masses being proportional to that of adrenal hyperplasia.Conclusions:Patients with 21-OHD are prone to have TART, leading to the impaired testicular function. Early glucocorticold therapy is beneficial to the reduction of TART and restoration of testicular function.

The importance of glucose measurement in the treatment of diabetes can not be overstated. However, the compliance with blood glucose measurement is low because most of the measurement of blood glucose monitor are invasive or minimal invasive. Non-invasive technology can reduce discomfort, improve adherence of blood glucose monitor by the guidelines, facilitate glycemic control, and subsequently lower the prevalence of acute and chronic complications. It is expected that large-scale clinical application will be possible in the future if accurate data can be obtained and costs can be controlled in the non-invasive measurement of blood glucose. This review overviewed the current technology accuracy, advantages, disadvantages, and potential limitations of non-invasive blood glucose measurement.

Objective:To observe the characteristics of the phagocytosis and bactericidal function of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MDR- Mtb)-infected macrophage model, and the changes of the immune response and metabolic function in the process of phagocytosis and bactericidal function, aiming to provide reference for studying the role and mechanism of macrophages in the occurrence and development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods:We established MDR- Mtb and H37Rv-infected macrophage models, and used the colony-forming unit (CFU), Magnetic Luminex ? Assay and Cholesterol Assay kit to observe the effects on phagocytosis and bactericidal function, the secretion of Th1(IL-12/23 p40, IL-27 and TNF-α) and Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and cholesterol metabolism. The data were analyzed by SPSS25.0 software. The data were expressed as Mean± SD and analyzed by t test or F test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:(1) After MDR- Mtb-infected macrophages, the intracellular CFU gradually increased and reached the highest at 24 h, while the extracellular CFU gradually decreased and reached the lowest at 24 h. The intracellular CFU at 48 h was lower than that at 24 h, while the extracellular CFU was higher than that at 24 h ( P<0.05). Both intracellular and extracellular CFU at 48 h were close to those at 4 h ( P>0.05). The intracellular CFU was lower than the H37Rv group at 8-48 h, while the extracellular CFU was higher than the H37Rv group ( P<0.05). (2) The level of IL-12/23 p40, IL-27, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 of MDR-TB group were higher than those of blank group ( P<0.05), but the level of TNF-α and IL-6 at 24 h and 48 h were higher than that at 4 h ( P<0.05). IL-12/23 p40 and TNF-α at 48 h and IL-6 at 24 h were lower than those of the H37Rv group, while IL-27 at 48 h was higher than that of the H37Rv group ( P<0.05). (3) The levels of cholesterol of MDR-TB group at 24 h and 48 h were lower than those of 4 h and blank group ( P<0.05), but the level of cholesterol was similar to the H37Rv group at any time ( P>0.05). (4) TNF-α reached the highest when the intracellular CFU reached the highest at 24 h, and IL-6 reached the highest when the intracellular CFU decreased at 48 h. With the decreasing of cholesterol expression, the intracellular CFU increased and then decreased. Conclusions:MDR- Mtb could induce the phagocytosis and bactericidal function of macrophages, increase the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and promote the utilization and consumption of cholesterol, but this function was weaker than that of H37Rv strain.