In surgery, clinical probation is important to integrate medical science theory with practice. This paper proposed the meaning and features of cased-based cognitive apprenticeship, and explored the application of the strategy in general surgery for clinical probation, with an attempt to provide beneficial reference to improve teaching quality in surgery for clinical probation.

Interleukin family plays an important role in cleating the infection of Toxoplasma gondii in the body of host such as destroying the infected cells,constructing immunity system and regulating immunity balance,and so on.Here we reviewed the role of several important interleukin family members so as to provide scientific basis for the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Objective To investigate the quality of life of post-operative patients with cholecystolithiasis and analyze the influencing factors. Methods About 206 patients with cholecystolithiasis were enrolled in the investigation by gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of their quality of life. Results The GIQLI score of 206 patients was (115.81 ±9.22) and the index value was 80.42%. Three independent variables such as breakfast habit, exercise, three hyperlipidemia, were the factors that affected the quality of life (P<0.05). Conclusions The quality of life of patients after cholelithiasis is lower than that of normal people. Patients should develop good eating habits and exercise habits, strengthen the interventions with high blood lipids, high blood pressure and hyperglycemia to improve the quality of life of post-operative patients with cholecystolithiasis.