0.05).②The ophthalmic artery showed a significant increase in Vs and PI,RI 1 week postoperatively(P 0.05).Conclusions Two horizontal rectus muscle operations do cause significant hemodynamic changes in the ophthalmic artery 1 week postoperatively,but these changes in the ophthalmic artery revive normal 1 month postoperatively.

Objective To investigate the effects of astragalosides(AST)on angiogenesis of myocardium in rats after myocardial infarction.Methods Myocardial infarction(MI)was induced by ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery,30 postoperative rats were randomly divided into three same-size groups,i.e,medical group A(AST 2.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1),medical group B(AST 10mg · kg-1 · d-1)and control group(physiological saline).All of three groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 2ml dose for 4 weeks.The pathological changes of the heart tissue were observed by H-E staining and the micro-vascular count(MVC)/micro-vascular density (MVD)were calculated by CD34-staining.Results HE staining showed cardiac fabric disarrangement,granulation tissue generation,and fibroblast proliferation;The change of medical groups was less obvious than the control group; the change of group B with higher dose was less obvious than group A.CD34 staining showed that regeneration of neovascularization at the margin of myocaardium infarction was seen in all of three groups;for the MVC/MVD,medical groups were significantly higher than the control group,while group B is significantly higher than group A (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion AST can improve myocardial ischemia of rats after myocardial infarction.AST can promote angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium of rats,and the effect is positively correlated with AST dose.

Adult albino rats were exposed to simulated high altitude of 5000 m for 72 hours. Mild degree of interstitial pulmonary edema was observed under light microscope. Rats with the left lung excised were subjected to hypoxice of the same degree for 48 hours. On histologic examinations interstitial edema of the right lung was more obvious than that of the previous group. In isolated alveolus or in small groups of alveoli, edematous fluid could he seen.There were perivascular and peribronchial "Cuffs". The former were supposedto be accumulation of edema fluid leaking from the capillaries at the level of alveoli. The latter might be the result of extension of perivascular fluid to the peribrochial space.Excision of the left lung may result in a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and over perfusion in certain areas remaining lung. Hypoxia may intensify the above changes. Pulmonary hypertension and overperfusion may in force promote the genesis of pulmonary edema.

Objective:To investigate the influence of practolol oral liquid on the rat model of water load. Methods: Totally 70 qualified rats were selected and randomly divided into seven groups with 10 ones in each, and the rats were with intragastric administra-tion respectively by practolol oral liquid (20,10 and 5 ml·kg-1 , respectively diluted 20 ml, 10 ml and 5 ml to 20 ml liquid with dis-tilled water), furosemide tablets suspension (0. 033 5 mg·ml-1), Qiliqiangxin capsule suspension(0. 03 g·ml-1) and distilled wa-ter with the same voulme( model) . The rats were placed in metabolism cages. After the administration, the urine volume was recorded every 1 h for 5 hours, the total volume of urine was collected during the 5 h, and the concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- in the urine was measured. Results:Compared with that in the blank group, the urine volume in 2 h, 3 h and 5 h after the administration in the model group was significantly increased(P<0. 01), the total urine volume was also increased significantly(P<0. 01), the K+ con-centration was significantly reduced in the urine(P<0. 05), and there was an increasing trend of Na+ and Cl- concentration in the u-rine, which indicated that the water load model was made successfully. Compared with the model group, furosemide could significantly increase the urine volume in 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h and 5 h after the administration, and the total urine volume was increased as well ( P<0. 01). Qiliqiangxin capsule group could significantly increase the K+ concentration in the urine(P<0. 05), and furosemide could significantly reduce the K+ concentration in the urine (P<0. 05). High-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the urine volume in 5 h after the administration and the Na+ and Cl- concentration(P<0. 01), mid-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the urine volume in 3 h and 5 h after the administration and the total urine volume (P<0. 05), and improve the Cl- concen-tration in the urine (P<0. 05), and the Na+ and Cl- concentration in low-dose practolol oral liquid group was decreased significantly (P<0. 01). Compared with Qiliqiangxin capsule group, the high, medium and low-dose practolol oral liquid showed no significant in-fluence on the urine volume(P>0. 05), high-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the Na+ concentration in the urine (P<0. 01), medium and low-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the Na+ concentration in the urine(P<0. 05), low-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly reduce the K+ concentration(P<0. 01), high and medium-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly increase the Cl- concentration in the urine (P<0. 01), and low-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly reduce the Cl- concentration in the urine (P<0. 01) . Compared with the high-dose practolol oral liquid group, the influences of medium and low-dose practolol oral liquid showed no significant difference in the urine volumes(P>0. 05), however, the total urine volume could significantly increase(P<0. 01), and the medium and low-dose practolol oral liquid could significantly reduce the Na+ and Cl- con-centration in the urine(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Practolol oral liquid has significant diuretic effect in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To evaluate the response rate and efficacy of Cyberknife in the treatment of iliac lymph node metastases (ILNM).Methods Twenty-two patients with 27 ILNM were treated by Cyberknife from May 2010 to May 2016.Tumor volume range from 0.88 to 125.66 cm3 (median 18.87 cm3).The total doses ranged from 21 to 51 Gy (median 39 Gy) and biological effective doses from 35.7 to 100 Gy (median 72.6 Gy) in 3-8 fractions (median 5).Sixty-four percent to eighty-two percent (median 72％) isodose line covered planning target.The survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-rank test.Results Follow-up time ranged from 8 to 97 months (median 33 months).The complete response,partial response,stable disease and progression disease rates were 37％,48％,7.5％,48％,respectively.In addition,effective rate was 92.5％.Overall survival range from 4 to 68 months (median 21 months).The 1-,2-,3-year local control rate was all 90.6％ and the survival rates were 78.8％,60.6％ and 43.3％,respectively.Adverse reactions after treatment were gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea,vomiting,fatigue.The chemotherapy before Cyberknife helped to improve overall survival.The patients with backache or edema of lower extremity got rapid relief after treatment.Conclusion The treatment of ILNM with Cyberknife has provided a high response rate with minimal side effects.Cyberknife is a safe and effective local treatment method for ILNM.

Objective To investigate the value of local progression-free survival (LPFS) for evaluating the local long-term outcome of peripheral lung cancer treated by cyberknife.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical records of 81 cyberknife-treated lung cancer patients (90 foci),including 43 primary lung cancer patients (43 foci) and 38 metastatic lung cancer patients (47 foci).Of all the patients,58(63 foci) were treated at a dose of 60 Gy/3 fractions (20 Gy/fraction),and 23 (27 foci) at a dose of 54 Gy/3 fractions (18 Gy/fraction).The short-term treatment outcome and LPFS were used as the indices for observation;a logistic regression was used for analyzing the predictive value of LPFS for local long-term treatment outcome.Results After the evaluation of short-term treatment outcome,63％ of all the foci needed further evaluation.As the follow-up lasted,the number of foci which needed further evaluation decreased,most rapidly during 0.5-2 years after treatment.Re-evaluation results had predictive value for the treatment outcome in the subsequent follow-up,but the predictive value declined as the follow-up lasted.Conclusions LPFS is a recommendable index for evaluating the local outcome of primary or metastatic lung cancer treated by cyberknife,and it also has predicative value for local long-term treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the impacts of fiducial tracking and X-sight tracking on the short-term therapeutic effect of cybernikife in the treatment of lung cancer.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 64 lung cancer patients (72 lesions),including 40 primary tumor patients (41 lesions) and 24 metastatic tumor patients (31 lesions),who were treated with cyberknife.Fiducial tracking was used for 45 lesions,while X-sight tracking was used for 27 lesions.The planning target volume was covered by 70％-94％ (median 80％) isodose contour.The irradiation dose was 60 Gy/3 fractions.The relationship between short-term therapeutic effect and tracking method was determined.Results Overall,the lesions undergoing fiducial tracking showed significantly higher response rate than those undergoing X-sight tracking (93％ vs.74％,x2 =6.84,P=0.033),and so was in lower lung lesions (15％ vs.7％,x2 ＝7.18,P=0.028).But the two tracking methods achieved similar effects in upper lung lesions (28％ vs.12％,x2 =2.36,P =0.310).In the lesions with treatment volumes smaller than 15 cm3,the fiducial tracking achieved significantly higher response rate than the X-sight tracking (25 ％ vs.12％,x2 =6.53,P =0.038),but the two tracking methods achieved similar effects in the lesions with treatment volumes not smaller than 15 cm3 (17％ vs 8％,x2 =1.57,P =0.460).Overall,the lesions undergoing X-sight tracking had significantly highertreatment failure rate than fiducial tracking (1 9 ％ vs.2 ％,x2 =6.33,P =0.021).Conclusions Different tracking methods may lead to different therapeutic effects of cyberknife in the treatment of lung cancer,which are related to lesion location and treatment volume.

Objective To evaluate quantitatively the extra absorbed dose generated by image guided system of the Cyberknife.Methods The exposure parameters and the average frequency of images acquisition during the treatments with G3 Cyberknife in 300 cases with various tumor locations and tracking modes were collected for analysis ;The measurements of the absorbed doses in the phantom with 5 points after single exposure generated by image guided system in various exposure parameters were performed with equipment of phantom CIRS Model 002LFC and 002 PRA with ion chamber PTW30010 included.Based on the data we collected andmeasured,the conclusion of how much extra absorbed dose generated by image guided system of Cyberknife the patients received during Cyberknife treatments was drawn.Results With an average fractions of 3.94(the median was 4),the average exposure frequency was 36.5 times for static tracking per patient per fraction,while it was 49.2 times for dynamic tracking.The experimental results with various exposure parameters,positions and tissue densities showed that the minimum absorbed dose after single exposure was 0.5 μGy,while the maximum was 385 μGy.Conclusions The image guided system of the Cyberknife can induce quite low absorbed dose in patient,while providing all three types of image guided function.

Objective:To explore the changes of cerebra flow in retroperitoneoscopic surgery.Methods: Twenty-two patients undergoing retroperitoneoscopic surgery were selected.We measured Vm、Delt and PI with transcranial Dopple(TCD),and measured endothelin(ET),neurol peptide Y(NPY),Calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in plasma before CO2 insufflation,after CO2 insufflation,and after CO2 deflation.Results:Vm and Delt increased significantly at 30 min after pneumoperitonenum,and reached the peak at 90 min after pneumoperitonenum.PI decreased significantly 90 min after pneumoperitonenum.The plasma concentrations of ET and NPY increased significantly 60 min after pneumoperitonenum. Conclusion:Cerebra flow changes significantly in patients undergoing retroperitoneoscopic surgery,which is correlated to the changes of plasma CO2 and vascular bioactive substances.

Objective In this experiment,we explored the effects of rAAV\|hGDNF on protecting spinal neurons From death. Methods rAAV\|hGDNF particals were produced by recombinant virus technolgy,and infected the culture spinal neurons which were exposed to glutamate.We counted the mortality rate and detected the expression of NOS mRNA by RT\|PCR. Results In the group transfering rAAV\|hGDNF the death rate was inhibited(50%?0\^02,control 59\^25%?0\^023, P