ObjectiveTo explore the etiology of incision hernia of abdominal wall. Methods 72 cases with incision hernia were analyzed retrospectively in types of incision, technique of suture, materials, infection of incision, increase of intraabdominal pressure, age, nutrition and time of occurrence. ResultsLongitudinal incision, bad technique of suture,infection of incision, increase of intraabdominal pressure, aged, hypoalbuminemia and diabetes mellitus easily induced incision of hernia. ConclusionTransverse incision should be adopted if operation and safety are not affected. Prevent and treat infection or rupture of incision by strict aseptic manipulation, hemostasis and right use of antibiotics. Prevent increase of intraabdominal pressure in every aspect. Pay atention to nutrition supply of the elderly and promote healing of incision. Postoperative half year is high incidence stage of incision hernia and all inducing factors should be avoided.