AIM Taurine was reported neuroprotective under several ischemic models in vivo. In this study, the direct effect of taurine against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) inducing acute neuronal injury and the underlying mechanisms in vitro were investigated. METHODSFour hours OGD was used to induce in vitro ischemic injury in rat cortical neurons. Taurine 5, 10 and 20 mmol·L-1 was added 20 h before and during 4 h OGD period respectively. Mortality rate of neuron was assayed by MTT and flow cytometry methods. Level of neuronal [Ca2+]i was detected by Fura 2/AM loading. Amino acid concentrations in culture media were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Under OGD conditions, neuronal death was markedly increased, and the levels of neuronal [Ca2+]i and extracellular glutamate level were enhanced obviously. Taurine pretreatment obviously decreased the percentage of neuronal death induced by OGD. In addition, abnormal elevation of neuronal [Ca2+]i and extracellular glutamate level induced by OGD both were markedly repressed by taurine. CONCLUSION Taurine can alleviate rat cortical neuron injury induced by OGD, the mechanisms were likely due to repressing calcium overload and inhibiting excessive release or leakage of glutamate under such conditions.

OBJECTIVE To observe the protective effect and underlying mechanism of total ginsenosides (TG) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 was conducted to establish a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Kunming mice(1/2 males and 1/2 females)were randomly divided into sham-operation(Sham),model,total ginsen?osides 40,80 and 160 mg·kg-1 and prednisone acetate(5 mg·kg-1) groups. After 28 d administration,the histopathological changes in the lung were analyzed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)and Masson staining. The exprssion of alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in the lung was detected by real-time PCR. The content of hydroxyproline(HYP)and glutathione(GSH),level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and hydroxy radical(·OH),activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the lung were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS Compared with the sham group,the pulmonary indexes in model group were significantly increased(P<0.01),alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were obvious. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH,activity of MPO and NOS were increased(P<0.05),but the content of GSH and T-AOC in model group was decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,the pulmonary indexes in TG 80 and 160 mg · kg-1 and prednisone acetate 5 mg · kg-1 groups were reduced(P<0.05),and the degree of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was mitigated. The mRNA expression ofα-SMA,content of HYP and · OH, the activity of MPO and NO were decreased (P<0.05),while the content of GSH and T-AOC was increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION TG can improve the degree of mice pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. The mechanism may be related to the increased antioxidant capacity of organisms.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of hyper-early embolotherapy in treatment of intracranial ruptured aneurysm.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 33 patients with intracranial ruptured aneurysm.Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade:grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 16 patients,gradeⅢin 5 patients,grade Ⅳ in 9 patients,grade Ⅴ in 3 patients.All patients were confirmed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by angiography and then underwent embolization under general anesthesia by detachable coils within 6 h from onset.Results After operation,25 patients (75.8％) recovered well,4 patients (12.1％) were with mild disability with paralysis and aphasia,4 patients (12.1％) were dead (1 patient for intraoperative aneurysm rupture,1 patient for postoperative pneumonia,1 patient for infection of hematoma at puncture site and 1 patient for postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding).Followed up 1-6 months,no rebleeding occurred.Conclusions Hyper-early embolotherapy could avoid rebleeding of the aneurysm,and relieve the vasespasm,without increasing the intra-operative rebleeding rate.Moreover hyper-early embolotherapy could greatly decrease the mortality of poor-grade SAH patients.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy of Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC),and to provide evidence-based reference in clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane library,CJFD,VIP,Wanfang database and CBM,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid preparations (trial group) vs.aminosalicylic acid preparations alone (control group) in the treatment of UC were collected.Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software afder data extraction and quality evaluation with Cochrane systematic evaluator manual 5.1.0.RESULTS:A total of 14 RCTs were included,involving 1 177 patients.Meta-analysis showed that total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group [OR=3.40,95％ CI (2.44,4.74),P＜0.001],while Sutherland DAI score [MD=-1.31,95％ CI (-2.07,-0.56),P＜0.001],the levels of TNF-α [SMD=-1.90,95％CI(-2.90,-0.90),P＜0.001],IL-17[MD=-85.18,95％CI(-100.51,-69.85),P＜0.001] and IL-23 [MD=-113.27,95％CI(-132.34,-94.21),P＜0.001] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic efficacy of Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid preparation is better than aminosalicylic acid preparation alone in the treatment of UC,and can significantly reduce Suthedand DAI and the levels of serum cytokines.

Objective:Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a useful biomarker of bacterial infection. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 of alveolar fluid in pulmonary infection is still unclear. This article aimed to explore the value of sTREM-1 of alveolar fluid in the early diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by systematic review of relevant literatures.Methods:CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were retrieved. Articles on diagnosis of VAP by sTREM-1 before June 30, 2019 were collected. QUADAS-2 scale provided by Cochrane Collaboration Network was used to evaluate the quality of diagnostic experiments. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0 software were used to complete Meta-analysis. The levels of sTREM-1 between VAP and non-VAP patients were analyzed by Meta-analysis, and then diagnostic test Meta-analysis was conducted. Heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias were analyzed.Results:A total of 24 articles were enrolled. QUADAS-2 scale indicated that the selected literature had low bias and high clinical adaptability. ① In Meta-analysis of sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid, 20 articles were selected and found to have high heterogeneity ( I2 = 94.4%, P = 0.000). The random effects models were used for Meta-analysis. It was indicated that the sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid of VAP group was significantly higher than that of non-VAP group with significant difference [standardized mean difference ( SMD) was 1.47, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.00-1.95, Z = 6.14, P = 0.000]. By subgroup analysis and Meta-regression analysis, no source of heterogeneity was found. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this Meta-analysis were robust and credible, and Begg funnel plot analysis showed that there was no significant publication bias ( Z = 1.46, P = 0.143). ② A total of 18 articles were included in the Meta-analysis of diagnostic experiments. Deek funnel plot showed publication bias ( P = 0.012). The combined sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI was 0.81-0.91), specificity was 0.80 (95% CI was 0.73-0.86), and diagnostic odds ratio ( DOR) was 26 (95% CI was 13-50). Subgroup analysis of three different sources of alveolar fluid (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, endotracheal aspiration fluid and exhaled ventilator condensate) showed that STREM-1 had a certain value in early diagnosis of VAP. The I2 of combined DOR was 35.4%, and I2 of sensitivity was 79.46%, I2 of specificity was 77.61%, suggesting heterogeneity in the selected literature. Subgroup analysis found that nationality, subject design, sample source, sample size and diagnostic "gold criteria" were related to heterogeneity, but not age. The area under synthetic receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) was 0.90 (95% CI was 0.87-0.92). Conclusions:The detection of sTREM-1 level in alveolar fluid can be used for the early diagnosis of VAP with high sensitivity and specificity. If combined with other biomarkers, it may have more diagnostic value.