Objective To investigate the effect of progesterone on the expressions of inflammation-related factors of cortical cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ),prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ),inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB in the cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats so as to study the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effect of progesterone on TBI.Methods Fortyfive male Spraque-Dawley rats were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into three groups,ie,sham operation group (n =15),TBI group (n =15) and progesterone treatment group (n =15).The rat model of TBI was duplicated with the improved Feeney' s method.The PROG treatment group was given i.p.injections of progesterone ( 16 mg/kg) at 1 and 6 hours after injury.The rats were sacrificed in three groups at 24 hours after injury and the specimens were removed.The changes of the positive cell numbers and protein level of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex were examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results The positive cell numbers and protein levels of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex of the TBI group were distinctly higher than those of the sham operation group (P＜O.05).While the positive cell numbers and protein levels of COX-2,PGE2,iNOS and NF-κB in the cortex of the progesterone treatment group were distinctly lower than those of the TBI group ( P ＜O.05).Conclusions Progesterone may exert protective effect on TBI through inhibiting NF-κB activity,blocking the inflammation response course of NF - κB and iNOS and decreasing the expressions of COX-2 and PGE2.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of hyper-early embolotherapy in treatment of intracranial ruptured aneurysm.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 33 patients with intracranial ruptured aneurysm.Preoperative Hunt-Hess grade:grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ in 16 patients,gradeⅢin 5 patients,grade Ⅳ in 9 patients,grade Ⅴ in 3 patients.All patients were confirmed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by angiography and then underwent embolization under general anesthesia by detachable coils within 6 h from onset.Results After operation,25 patients (75.8％) recovered well,4 patients (12.1％) were with mild disability with paralysis and aphasia,4 patients (12.1％) were dead (1 patient for intraoperative aneurysm rupture,1 patient for postoperative pneumonia,1 patient for infection of hematoma at puncture site and 1 patient for postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding).Followed up 1-6 months,no rebleeding occurred.Conclusions Hyper-early embolotherapy could avoid rebleeding of the aneurysm,and relieve the vasespasm,without increasing the intra-operative rebleeding rate.Moreover hyper-early embolotherapy could greatly decrease the mortality of poor-grade SAH patients.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate clinical efficacy of Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC),and to provide evidence-based reference in clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane library,CJFD,VIP,Wanfang database and CBM,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid preparations (trial group) vs.aminosalicylic acid preparations alone (control group) in the treatment of UC were collected.Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software afder data extraction and quality evaluation with Cochrane systematic evaluator manual 5.1.0.RESULTS:A total of 14 RCTs were included,involving 1 177 patients.Meta-analysis showed that total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group [OR=3.40,95％ CI (2.44,4.74),P＜0.001],while Sutherland DAI score [MD=-1.31,95％ CI (-2.07,-0.56),P＜0.001],the levels of TNF-α [SMD=-1.90,95％CI(-2.90,-0.90),P＜0.001],IL-17[MD=-85.18,95％CI(-100.51,-69.85),P＜0.001] and IL-23 [MD=-113.27,95％CI(-132.34,-94.21),P＜0.001] in trial groups were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Therapeutic efficacy of Shenling baizhu powder combined with aminosalicylic acid preparation is better than aminosalicylic acid preparation alone in the treatment of UC,and can significantly reduce Suthedand DAI and the levels of serum cytokines.

Bacterial biofilms have been demonstrated to be closely related to clinical infections and contribute to drug resistance. Berberine, which is the main component of Coptis chinensis, has been reported to have efficient antibacterial activity. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of a combination of berberine with ciprofloxacin (CIP) to inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation and its effect on expressions of related genes (rpoE, luxS, and ompR). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the combination of berberine with CIP is 0.75 showing a synergistic antibacterial effect. The biofilm's adhesion rate and growth curve showed that the multi-resistant Salmonella strain had the potential to form a biofilm relative to that of strain CVCC528, and the antibiofilm effects were in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm microstructures were rarely observed at 1/2 × MIC/FIC concentrations (MIC, minimal inhibition concentration), and the combination had a stronger antibiofilm effect than each of the antimicrobial agents used alone at 1/4 × FIC concentration. LuxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions were significantly repressed (p < 0.01) at 1/2 × MIC/FIC concentrations, and the berberine and CIP combination repressed mRNA expressions more strongly at the 1/4 × FIC concentration. The results indicate that the combination of berberine and CIP has a synergistic effect and is effective in inhibiting Salmonella biofilm formation via repression of luxS, rpoE, and ompR mRNA expressions.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Berberine ; Biofilms ; Ciprofloxacin ; Coptis ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Repression, Psychology ; RNA, Messenger ; Salmonella

Objective To establish a gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of camphor residue and borneolum content in Qingchang Suppository. Methods Gas chromatograph method was used. The chromatographic column was Agilent capillary column(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm). The column temperature was 140 ℃. The sample injection temperature was 250 ℃. The FID detector temperature was 250 ℃. Results Camphor，borneol and isoborneol content showed good linear in the extent of 0.0299~1.497(r=1.000), 0.0205~1.025(r=1.000), 0.0097~0.4830 µg (r=1.000). RSDs of precision，stability and repeatability test results were less than 2%. The recovery was 99.7%, 101.0%, 102.5%. Conclusion This method is simple and quick with accurate result, which could be used for the content determination of Borneol in Qingchang Suppository.