A model of experimental allergic asthma was induced by sensitizing and challenging guinea pigs with egg albumin. The changes on the concentrations and affinities of ?2,? adrenergic and muscarinic receptors as well as the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in lung tissue of the asthmatic animals were investigated and compared with the values obtained from normal animals respectively. The results showed that the maximal binding volume of ? receptor as well as the content of cAMP decreased significantly, while the concentrations of ?2, receptor and M receptor increased. It is well known that the ? receptor mediates a process resulting in the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating adenylate cyclase and therefore, increases the cytoplasmic concentration of cAMP. whereas the ?2, and M receptor mediate processes resulting in the contraction of smooth muscle through quite different mechanisms. The significance of the two kinds of change operating towards opposite direction in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma was discussed.

BACKGROUND:Conventional surgical repair can cause large traumas in patients with knee injuries, and patients often recover slowly after implant fixation, most of whom can appear to have poor recovery of knee function. OBJECTIVE: To explore the folow-up effect of arthroscopic double-steel wire clip fixation on tibial eminence avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 23 patients with tibial eminence avulsion fractures, who were given arthroscopic double-steel wire clip fixation. The patients were folowed up for 1-6 months. Short- and middle-term therapeutic effect as wel as IKDC and Lysholm scores before and after treatment were observed and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operation time was 35-65 minutes, and no complications, such as blood, nerve and anterior cruciate ligament injuries occurred. Moreover, no infection and other poor biocompatible reactions occurred after internation fixation. Al patients were folowed up for 1-6 months. The excelent and good rate was 87% at 1 month after treatment and 96% at 6 months after treatment. Al the patients had improved IKDC score and Lysholm score after treatment (P < 0.05), indicating that the knee function of patients was improved significantly.

Currently,the BCG is used to prevent tuberculosis,but the immune effect is not ideal due to varied reasons.The existence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis and the increased prevalence and incidence of AIDS have leaded to the increased incidence of TB year by year.Therefore,the development of new tuberculosis vaccine is imminent In this paper,the latest research results in recent years for tuberculosis live vector vaccines were summarized,which provide a theoretical reference for further research and development of new TB vaccines.

Objective To study the perfusion imaging features of renal cell cancer(RCC) and their correlation with microvessel density(MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ex-pression status. Methods Dynamic contrast-enhanced multislice spiral CT was performed preopera-tively in 73 cases with histologically proven RCC (65 cases of clear cell carcinoma, 3 of papillary ade-nocarcinoma, and 5 of chromophobic carcinoma). Blood volume (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface area product (PS) of tumors were recorded. MVD and VEGF expression status were studied by immunohistochemial staining. Results The mean BV, BF, MTT negative in 35 (47.9 %) cases, slightly positive in 24 (32.9 %) cases, moderate positive in 10 (13.7 %) cases, and intensively positive in 4 (5.5 %) cases. MVD of RCC was positively correlated with BV, BF and PS (P<0.01),and negatively correlated with MTT (P<0.05). No relationship was found be-tween the expression of VEGF and perfusion CT parameters. Conclusion Perfusion CT scan is use-ful to evaluate the angiogenesis status of RCC.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of omental torsion.Methods 73 patients with omental torsion from Jan 1995 to Dec 2009 in literatures together with the one we reported were reviewed and analyzed The range of ages was from 3 to 65 years,and the median age was 25.3 years.Among them,35 cases were less than 18 years old(47%,and 27 with obesity) and others more than 18 years old(53%,1 with obesity).The accurate diagnosis before operation exsited in 9 patients.49 patients(66%) were diagnosed as primary omental torsion,and childhood obesity was the most related factor.Conversely,25(34%) were diagnosed as secondary omental torsion,while the most common reason was adhersion.In contrast with other clinical symotoms and signs,abdominal pain and tenderness were occurred in almost every people.Bultro sonography(positive rate:24%,6/25) was hardly useful in diagnosis but CT (positive rate:96%,23/24) and MRI(positive rate:100%,2/2) were beniticial.Operation was applied in all patients,while laparoscopy was uesed in 23 patients.As a rule,the appendix was removed together in 61 persons.The cobort of patients was recoverd fully without serious complications such as hemorrhage and intestinal infarction.Conclusion Omental torsion was a relatively rare disease,and the diagnosis should be easy with the help of CT and MRI,and the laparoscopy was the better choice for surgeons.

Objective To explore the effect of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway on early brain injury and autophagy of nerve cell in hippocampus area in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Daw-ley rats were randomly divided into sham group, SAH group, SAH+dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and SAH+U0126 group, with 12 rats in each group. The SAH model was established with puncture of internal carotid artery. The SAH+U0126 group was injected with U0126 0.05 mg/kg;the sham group and SAH group were injected with normal saline, and the SAH+DMSO group was injected with DMSO 30 min-utes before modeling. They were sacrificed 24 hours after modeling. The brain water content was measured with wet and dry method. The morphology changes of neural cells in hippocampus CA1 were observed by HE staining. The expression of phosphorylation ERK (p-ERK), Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱwere detected with immunohistochemical method and Western blotting. Results Compared with the sham group, the brain water content increased (P<0.05), the number of survival neurons decreased (P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱincreased in SAH group (P<0.05). Compared with SAH group, the brain water content increased, the number of survival neurons decreased (P<0.05), the expression of p-ERK, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ decreased in SAH+U0126 group (P<0.05); and no significant difference was found in SAH+DMSO group (P>0.05). Conclusion The activation of ERK signaling pathway may alleviate early brain injury after SAH by regulation of autophagy.

Objective To investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on chronic inflammation in rats.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Con),chronic inflammation group (CI),high altitude hypoxia group (HH),high altitude hypoxia+chronic inflammation group (HH+CI).Rats in CI group were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 mg/kg) through the caudal vein twice a week for 4 weeks.Rats in HH+CI group were treated just as CI group was,but together with HH group rats were settled in a hypoxic environment of 6000 m altitude for three days.Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin eosin stain.The peripheral white blood cell count and classification were measured.The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum and lung tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Changes in IL-6 expression in rat lung tissues were observed by Western blotting.Results After LPS and high altitude hypoxia exposure,inflammatory cells infiltration and alveolar capillary expansion were observed in rats' lung tissue.Compared with Con group,not only the peripheral white blood cell count,but also the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and lung tissue increased in CI and HH group(P<0.01).IL-6 expression levels observed by Western blotting were also increased in HH and CI group(P<0.01).High altitude hypoxia and chronic inflammation interacted(P<0.01).The peripheral white blood cell count was higher in HH+CI group than in other groups,and IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in lung tissue were increased(P<0.05).Conclusion An LPS-induced chronic inflammation model in rats is successfully obtained,and high altitude hypoxia could aggravate chronic inflammation.

Objective To obtain the recombinant corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) protein with soluble, high purity protein through optimizing prokaryotic expression condition and purifying glutathione thiol transferase (GST)-CRH protein. Methods To detect the expression of soluble CRH protein through grope of the host strain GST-CRH temperature of induction expression, the host strain concentration (OD600), IPTG concentration and induction time, the purification of GST-CRH was performed by GST-CRH agarose gel. Western Blot assay was used for the expression identification of the target protein. Results The optimal conditions for the induction of CRH protein were determined: temperature of 30 ℃, IPTG induced concentration 0.1 mmol/L, bacteria density (OD600) 0.8, the induction time of 8 hours, purified GST-CRH>95% fusion protein was obtained. Conclusion The optimal expression conditions of GST-CRH are obtained, and the soluble protein of high purity GST-CRH is also obtained.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block ( SGB ) on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery .Methods 115 elderly patients with orthopedic surgery were selected as study objects ,and they were randomly divided into observation group (55 cases) and control group(60 cases) according to the digital table .The observation group received epidural anesthesia after SGB ,while the control group only received routine epidural anesthesia .Preoperation and postoperative 6h,3d and 7d,the mini mental state examination ( MMSE ) scores were measured and compared , the cognitive function was assessed .The MMSE score and postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( POCD) occurrence before and after surgery in the two groups were compared.Results In the observation group,the preoperative MMSE score was (29.36 ±2.54) points,the MMSE scores of 6h,3d and 7d after operation were (22.69 ±3.01) points,(25.33 ±2.69) points,(28.32 ± 3.04)points,respectively.The difference between preoperation and postoperation was statistically significant ( F =51.26,P <0.05).In the control group,the MMSE scores of before surgery and 6h,3d,7d after surgery were (29.69 ±2.17)points,(20.24 ±3.59)points,(21.87 ±2.02)points and (27.66 ±3.07)points,respectively,the difference was statistically significant (F=103.70,P<0.05).Before surgery,the MMSE score between the observa-tion group and control group had no statistically significant difference .6h and 3d after surgery,the MMSE scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (t=3.947,7.745,all P<0.05);7d after operation,the MMSE score between the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).6h after surgery,the inci-dence rate of POCD of the observation group was 3.64％,which of the control group was 11.67％.3d after operation, the incidence rate of POCD was 1.82％ in the observation group and 3.33％ in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of POCD between the two groups at 6 and 3d after operation ( P>0.05).7d after operation,POCD was not detected in the observation group ,and the incidence rate of the control group was 3.33％.The total incidence rate of POCD was 5.45％ in the observation group and 18.33％ in the control group,and the incidence rate of the observation group was lower (χ2 =4.452,P<0.05).Conclusion SGB can improve the cognitive function of elderly patients after orthopedic surgery ,and it is worthy of clinical recommendation .

Objective:To investigate the significance and mechanism of ten-eleven translocation (Tet1) against Mycobacterium marinum ( Mm) infection in mice. Methods:SPF wild-type C57BL/6 and Tet1-knockout (Tet1KO) mice were injected intravenously with Mm. All mice were monitored and the abscesses formed in tail were observed and quantified. Pathological changes in mouse tail tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy and the differences between the two groups were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of TNF-α and TGF-β in mouse tail tissues. Moreover, mouse tail tissues were cultured on 7H10 plates for bacterial counting. The expression of NF-κBp65 and TGF-β was detected by Western blot. Results:Obvious lesions including abscesses and ulcers were formed in the Mm-infected C57BL/6, but only scattered small abscesses were observed in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice. During Mm infection, the bacterial load was gradually increased in C57BL/6 mice, but decreased in Tet1KO mice. Histopathological examination showed that obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and typical granulomatous lesions were found in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice, while no significant inflammatory cell infiltration was detected in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-β was lower in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice than in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the expression of phosphorylated NF-κBp65 and TGF-β was significantly reduced in Mm-infected Tet1KO mice as compared with that in Mm-infected C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions:Deletion of Tet1 could alleviate the inflammatory damage mediated by Mm and enhance the host immune response to bacteria.