Objective To study the skills and effects of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) in treating patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis .Methods We enrolled 21 patients with suspected acute appendicitis who then underwent emergent ERAT between October 2014 and January 2015 .The data of treatment were collected and the operative skills and effects of ERAT were analyzed . Results ERAT was completed successfully in all the patients ,resulting in a success rate of 100% .Mean operation time of ERAT was (49 .7 ± 18 .2) min and mean hospital stay was (3 .3 ± 1 .6)d .Cannulation of the appendix lumen was the most critical step of ERAT ,and cannulation time [(5 .7 ± 4 .9)min , P< 0 .05] was shortened significantly by the use of LoopTip guidewire . Fourteen patients with intraluminal appendicoliths (7 of massive appendicoliths , 4 of sand‐like appendicoliths and 3 of sand‐like appendicoliths with luminal stenosis ) underwent endoscopic lithotomy successfully with balloon or basket ,with the success rate of 100% .One patient who presented perforation after appendicolith removal by basket was cured with conservative treatment .Appendix stent was inserted ,then pulled out after 1 week in 9 patients ,while no complaint or complication of the stent was observed .Operation time of ERAT shortened with the increase of case number .Conclusion ERAT is an effective and safe therapy for treating patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis .The high success rate and safety of ERAT will be achieved by selecting suitable instruments for cannulation and appendicolith removal ,deciding suitable indications for stenting ,and accumulating of operative cases .

Objective To study the effect and safety of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) in treating patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Methods Patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis were enrolled and divided into ERAT group and LA group received laparoscopic appendectomy. Then compare treat-ment condition, complications and follow-up of the two groups. Results ERAT were completed successfully in all the patients in ERAT group, while one patient underwent a reversion to open appendectomy for technical difficulties in LA group. Mean operative time was (49.7 ± 18.2) min for ERAT group and (68.9 ± 25.9) min for LA group (P <0.05). Fever relief time (1.3 ± 0.5) d, WBC normalization time (2.0 ± 0.9) d, mean bed time (0.1 ± 0.2) d and mean hospital stay (3.3 ± 1.6) d for ERAT group were significantly lower than LA group (P <0.05). 14 patients with intra-luminal appendicoliths (7 of massive appendicoliths, 4 of broken appendicoliths and 3 of broken appendicoliths with luminal stenosis) underwent endoscopic lithotomy successfully in ERAT group, resulting in a success rate of 100.00%. One patient presented perforation after ERAT was cured with conservative treatment. During the follow-up of at least 1/2 year, the rate of recurrence was 10.00% in ERAT group. 1 patient (5.00%) underwent LA at the 5th month after ERAT during the follow-up. Conclusion ERAT is an effective and safe therapy in treating patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis with advantages of minimal invasiveness and quick recovery. Uncomplicated acute appendicitis with appendicoliths and/or luminal stenosis are the most suitable indications for ERAT.

Objective To investigate demographic and clinical features of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in Chinese patients.Methods Data of 45 HNPCC pedigrees diagnosed in accordance with Armsterdam I and Armsterdam Ⅱ Criteria were collected and analyzed.Results In 264 patients, 305 malignant neoplasms were found.The median age of confirmed diagnosis of HNPCC was 50 years.Out of the 305 primary cancer foci, 180 were colonic cancers (59%), 125 were extracolonic cancer (41%) with carcinoma of the lung, endometrium and stomach accounting for 24.0% (30/125), 14.4% (18/125), and 12.0% (15/125) respectively.Conclusion HNPCC is characterized by early vertical transmission, with extracolonic cancer, and synchronous multiple and/or metachronous multiple primary cancers as common clinical features. Carcinoma of the lung, endometrium and stomach are among the most common extracolonic malignancies.

This review paper presents the current research progress on effect factors of image recognition, which was based on simulated artificial vision.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Prostheses and Implants ; Vision, Ocular

Objective To investigate the effect of SABP, a water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, on the growth of orthotopic transplantation of H22 liver cancer and the immune microenvironment of liver cancer. Methods We established a mouse model of orthotopic transplantation of H22 cell liver cancer in BALB/c mice. ELISA was used to detect the expression of PD-L1, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-7, IL-2, CCL-2 and CCL-21 in the liver. We counted the organ indexes of liver, spleen and kidney. Results SABP inhibited the growth of orthotopic transplantation tumors of H22 cell liver cancer, and increased the expression levels of PD-L1, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-10 in the microenvironment of liver cancer, as well as the liver, spleen and kidney coefficients. Conclusion SABP could inhibit the growth of orthotopic transplantation tumors of H22 cell liver cancer and promote the expression of PD-L1, TGF-β, IL-1β and IL-10 in the microenvironment of liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the cognition of colorectal cancer-related knowledge and influencing factors of patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in ethnic minority areas of Inner Mongolia. Methods According to the national population and the prevalence of colorectal cancer, 277 patients with colorectal cancer were selected by stratified and random sampling in Inner Mongolia. The patients were surveyed in Baotou, Chifeng, Bayannaoer, and other hospitals. The questionnaire included patients' basic information, cognition of colorectal cancer risk factors and screening knowledge, screening information, etc. Results Before suffering from the disease, the patients' knowledge of colorectal cancer (risk factors, early screening knowledge, treatment methods) was low. About 54.9% of patients were unaware of high risk factors for colorectal cancer, 75.8% of patients did not understand the knowledge of early screening of colorectal cancer, and 37.5% of patients did not underst and the treatment of colorectal cancer. The main influencing factors of colorectal cancer cognition were education level and occupation. Patients who work in institutions and enterprises and with higher education level had better cognition. Conclusion Patients with middle- and advanced-stage colorectal cancer in Inner Mongolia have poor knowledge and awareness of risk factors and screening of colorectal cancer before diagnosis. Education level and occupation are factors influencing colorectal cancer cognition, therefore, people with low knowledge rate of colorectal cancer and low education level as well as unemployed laid-off people should be given priority intervention.

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury in ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods A total of 132 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham operation group,IR group,OVX group and combined group,with 12 in each group.In order to explore the role of endothelous NOS(eNOS)and inducible NOS(iNOS)in ovariectomization increasing myo-cardial IR injury,another 84 mice were divided into negative sham group,negative IR group,nega-tive combined group,eNOS+IR group,eNOS combined group,iNOS small interfering RNA(si-iNOS)+IR group and si-iNOS combined group,with 12 in each group.The mice of the corre-sponding groups were injected with adeno-associated virus(AAV)overexpressing eNOS or knoc-king down iNOS via tail vein before OVX modeling.Myocardial infarct size,serum levels of lac-tate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),LVEF,LVFS,and expression levels of eNOS and iNOS in the myocardial tissues were measured.Results The com-bined group had significantly increased level of iNOS in myocardium,larger myocardial infarct size and elevated serum LDH and CK-MB levels,but decreased myocardial expression of eNOS and LVEF and LVFS values than the IR group(P＜0.05).When compared with the negative combined group,the myocardial infarct size and serum LDH and CK-MB levels were decreased[(23.51±3.22)％and(26.21±2.93)％vs(58.78±5.42)％,(176.31±15.48 and 169.52±17.12 vs 328.85±37.12 U/L,35.41±6.41 and 34.77±5.94 vs 88.73±9.14 U/L,P＜0.05],and the LVEF and LVFS values were increased[(41.31±3.12)％and(42.09±3.41)％vs(30.77± 2.15)％,(21.47±1.57)％and(21.32±1.42)％vs(15.92±1.33)％,P＜0.05]in the eNOS com-bined group and si-iNOS combined group.Conclusion The decrease of eNOS expression and in-crease of iNOS expression are related to the aggravation of myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.

Objective To understand and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of female human papillomavirus and HPV vaccine in Chinese mainland. Methods We searched the relevant studies about the knowledge, attitude and behavior factors of HPV infection and HPV vaccine published in PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI and Wanfang databases about Chinese mainland women from January 1, 1995 to January 31, 2021.Two researchers independently screened the literatures, extracted data and the literatures with quality score≥5 points.Chi square test was used to evaluate its heterogeneity.Begg' s test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 33 literatures were included, with a total number of 46013 people.The results showed that the total awareness rate of HPV in the population was 65.9%, the lowest rates were 16.0%, 41.2% and 14.4% in Northeast, rural areas and middle school students, respectively; while the highest rates of HPV were 77.4%, 56.3% and 71.0% in Central China, cities and towns and college students, respectively.The main source of HPV knowledge was the network/WeChat official account number (38.9%), and the lowest was family/friend (4.5%).The population's awareness rate of HPV vaccine related knowledge was 41.4%, the highest rates were 51.8% and 69.7% in East China and medical staff, respectively, while the lowest were 23.6% and 12.7% in Southwest and middle school students. Conclusion In order to achieve the total elimination of cervical cancer in China by 2030 as soon as possible, people should strengthen their awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine related knowledge.

Cholesterol is an important precursor of many endogenous molecules. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis can cause many pathological changes, leading to liver and cardiovascular diseases. CYP1A is widely involved in cholesterol metabolic network, but its exact function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to explore how CYP1A regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Our data showed that CYP1A1/2 knockout (KO) rats presented cholesterol deposition in blood and liver. The serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased in KO rats. Further studies found that the lipogenesis pathway (LXRα-SREBP1-SCD1) of KO rats was activated, and the key protein of cholesterol ester hydrolysis (CES1) was inhibited. Importantly, lansoprazole can significantly alleviate rat hepatic lipid deposition in hypercholesterolemia models by inducing CYP1A. Our findings reveal the role of CYP1A as a potential regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and provide a new perspective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.