Objective To investigate the mechanisms modulating the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressing the activation and proliferation of T cells by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).Methods Mouse splenic DCs were purified with CD11c+ immunomagnetic beads and the purity of isolated DCs were detected by flow cytometry.Gene chip was used to detect gene expression in DCs after stimulation with TGF-β, and then real-time PCR was performed to analyze the differentially expressed genes in microarray at mRNA level.The activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells which were co-cultured with DCs after stimulation with TGF-β were detected by flow cytometry.Results The purity of DCs reached over 95% after isolation.TGF-β down-regulated the expression of cell surface markers CD53, CD69, CD33, CD74 and CD93 on DCs;decreased the expression of chemokines Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl9, Ccl6, Ccl17, Cxcl10, Ccl22, Ccl4, Ccr7, Ccl2, Cxcl9 and Ccl7;inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-2ra, IL-12rb2, IL-15ra, IL-1b and IL-15.Moreover, the DCs-mediated activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells were suppressed by TGF-β.Conclusion TGF-β inhibits the DCs-mediated activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells by suppressing the expression of surface markers on DCs and down-regulating the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) regularly after the first complete remission (CR1) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods A total of 63 paitents with AML who had got CR1 after chemotherapy were regularly monitored for MRD in bone marrow by FCM,and MRD ≥ 10-4 was positive.According to the latest standards of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) for disease risks,they were categorized into three groups:better risk group (20 cases),intermediate risk group (27 cases) and poor risk group (16 cases).The probability of continuous complete remission (CCR) was calculated by KaplanMeier formula,and the statistical difference between MRD positivc and MRD negative CCR probabilities was evaluated by log-rank test.Results The positive rates of MRD were 20％(4/20),30％(8/27) and 10/16 in better risk group,intermediate risk group and poor risk group respectively.The difference between better risk group and intermediate risk group had no statistical significance (P=0.454),and the difference between poor risk group and intermediate risk group had statistical significance (P =0.035).Twenty-two cases showed positive MRD,and 41 cases showed negative MRD.The probability of CCR at 24 and 36 months in MRD positive patients were 18％ (4/22),18％ (4/22),in MRD negative patients were 83％ (34/41),80％ (33/41),and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The dynamic detection of MRD by FCM can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and prognosis of AML.MRD monitoring has important clinical significance and can help to adjust the intensity of chemotherapy,carry out individualized treatment,predict prognosis,and choose appropriate therapy.

A new method for the rapid determination of total phthalates (PAEs) in edible oils was developed. The PAEs in edible oils all were hydrolyzed to phthalic acid with tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as catalyst. Then phthalic acid was extracted by the supramolecular solvent ( SUPRAS) made up of octanol, tetrahydrofuran and aqueous solution, and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS / MS). As a result, hydrolysis time was 10 min. The linear range of phthalic acid was 0. 05- 2. 0 mg / L with a good correlation coefficients ( r > 0. 999). The limits of detection ( LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 5. 41 and 18. 05 μg / kg, respectively. The recoveries of target analyte at three spiked levels were in the range of 84. 6% - 104. 5% . The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was 2. 6% for intra-day and 3. 7% for inter-day. The total PAEs content of 12 edible oils was found in the range of 0. 30-1. 09 mg / kg.

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Meth?ods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group(A group), Diaze?pam Group(D group)and Normal Saline Group(N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8%alcohol in NS (normal saline) , while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alco?hol , twice a day. Mice’s autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05%diazepam via intraperitoneal injec? tion, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day(P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration(P<0.05). Af?ter administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn’t show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration(P>0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was high?er than that of mice in A and N group(P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group(P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticon?vulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam.

Objective To understand tobacco use rate and explore the factors associated with tobacco use in middle school students in China.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 155 117 eligible middle students selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 31 provinces of China.The questionnaire consists of the following topics:tobacco use and cessation,passive smoking,access to tobacco products,tobacco control and tobacco advertisement,and knowledge about and attitudes to tobacco.Software SAS 9.3 was used for sample weighting and data analysis.Results Current tobacco use rate was 6.9％ in middle school students in China.The rate was higher in boys (11.2％) than in girls (2.2％),and in rural area (7.8％) than in urban area (4.8％).Students in western area had the highest tobacco use rate (10.3％),followed by the students in middle area (6.4％),and the rate in students in eastern area was lowest (4.5％).Parent smoking (especially mother smoking),friend smoking,teacher smoking,pocket money for a week ＞ 20 yuan,tobacco advertisement or promotion,passive smoking,misconception of tobacco addiction,active attitude to smoking behavior were the risk factors for tobacco use.Conclusions Smoking rate in boys in China was higher than the average global level.A comprehensive intervention strategy by Framework Convention on Tobacco Control should be used to reduce tobacco use in adolescents,including health education,increasing cigarette price,banning tobacco advertisement and promotion,and smoke-free legislation.

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury in ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods A total of 132 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham operation group,IR group,OVX group and combined group,with 12 in each group.In order to explore the role of endothelous NOS(eNOS)and inducible NOS(iNOS)in ovariectomization increasing myo-cardial IR injury,another 84 mice were divided into negative sham group,negative IR group,nega-tive combined group,eNOS+IR group,eNOS combined group,iNOS small interfering RNA(si-iNOS)+IR group and si-iNOS combined group,with 12 in each group.The mice of the corre-sponding groups were injected with adeno-associated virus(AAV)overexpressing eNOS or knoc-king down iNOS via tail vein before OVX modeling.Myocardial infarct size,serum levels of lac-tate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),LVEF,LVFS,and expression levels of eNOS and iNOS in the myocardial tissues were measured.Results The com-bined group had significantly increased level of iNOS in myocardium,larger myocardial infarct size and elevated serum LDH and CK-MB levels,but decreased myocardial expression of eNOS and LVEF and LVFS values than the IR group(P＜0.05).When compared with the negative combined group,the myocardial infarct size and serum LDH and CK-MB levels were decreased[(23.51±3.22)％and(26.21±2.93)％vs(58.78±5.42)％,(176.31±15.48 and 169.52±17.12 vs 328.85±37.12 U/L,35.41±6.41 and 34.77±5.94 vs 88.73±9.14 U/L,P＜0.05],and the LVEF and LVFS values were increased[(41.31±3.12)％and(42.09±3.41)％vs(30.77± 2.15)％,(21.47±1.57)％and(21.32±1.42)％vs(15.92±1.33)％,P＜0.05]in the eNOS com-bined group and si-iNOS combined group.Conclusion The decrease of eNOS expression and in-crease of iNOS expression are related to the aggravation of myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Gout ; genetics ; Humans ; Receptors, IgG ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-17 ; genetics