The rhizome of Trillium Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. coming from liliaceous has the functions of tranquilizing and tranquilizing blood and detoxifying and detoxifying, which is used to treat the diseases of hypertension, neurasthenia, dizziness, headache, injury, trauma and hemorrhage. This paper summarized the pharmacological studies. We found that Trillium tschonoskii Maxim can be used for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory analgesic, immune regulation, liver protection, improvement of cerebral ischemia, heart function, anti-oxidation, anti-aging effect, the pharmacological effects on the central nervous system and so on. This paper provides a reference for the research development and clinical application of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.