Objective To find out the differences between left -behind and non left-behind junior middle school students (JMSS) on Coping Style,Personality and Self-Esteem,and to analysis the influence of coping style,personality and self-esteem on mental health of left-behind JMSS.Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form,Simplified Coping Style Question-naire,Eysenek Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student.Results Score of positive coping style was lower(1.58±0.45 vs 1.64±0.46,P=0.011),while the score of negative coping style was higher(1.14±0.49 vs 1.09±0.48,P=0.022) for left-behind JMSS than for non-left-behind JMSS;the there were no significant differences on Pschoticism (P) (4.96±3.26 vs 4.83±3.23,P=0.357) ,Extraversion(E) (16.39±3.87 vs 16.61±4.06,P=0.592)and Lie(L) (2.77±3.76 vs12.84±3.71,P=0.447),while score of Neuroticism(N) (10.94±4.83 vs 10.46±5.03,P=0.020)for left-behind JMSS was higher than non-left-behind JMSS;score of self-esteem was loweR 26.67±3.55 vs 27.27±3.56,P=0.001)for left-behind JMSS than non-left-behind JMSS.Mental health of left-behind JMSS was signifi-candy correlated with positive coping style(r=-0.044),negative coping style(r=0.383),P(r=0.331),E(r=-0.113),N(r=0.548),L(r=-0.292) and self-esteem(r=-0.315) ;N (β=0.396),negative coping style (β=0.220),P(β=0.118),aelf-esteem (β=-0.146),positive coping style(β=0.074) and L(β=-0.071)entered the multiple linear regression equation,which can explained 41.1% of the changes on mental health of left-behind JMSS(F=150.602,P=0.000).Conclusion With parents going to cities to work,rural left-behind JMSS used negative coping styles to solve difficulties more,their developments of personality were un-healthier and their score of self-esteem were lower than non-left-behind JMSS,that interfered the development of their mental health.

Objective To find out the differences between left-behind and non left-behind junior middle school students (JMSS) on life events.Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas were assessed in Hunan,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form ,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student.Results Stress from studying and interpersonal relationship were the major life events for rural JMSS,scores of the total score and all the factors of life event for left-behind JMSS were higher than non-left-behind JMSS' ;with the exception of the loss factor (5.13±2.56 vs 4.94±2.33,P=0.095),the difference on the total score of life events (49.22±13.25 vs 46.42±12.67,P=0.000),relation-ships(10.28±3.74 vs 9.86±3.49,P=0.009) ,learning pressure(11.52±3.66 vs 11.03±3.66,P=0.014),being published (11.84±4.47 vs 11.28±4.12,P=0.005),health adaption (6.18±2.19 vs 5.36±1.82,P=0.000)and other factor(6.12±2.26 vs 5.73±2.09,P=0.000) were significant;Scores of mental health for left-behind JMSS were higher than non left-behind JMSS,the difference was significant(2.18±0.56 vs 2.07±0.57,P=0.000);scores of international relationships (r=0.437) ,learning pressure (r=0.373),being published (r=0.345),less(r=0.199),health adaption(r=0.338),other factors(r=0.380) were significantly correlated with mental health of left-behind JMSS,relationships(β=0.229),learning pressure(β=0.177),health adap-tion (β=0.152) and other factor(β=0.117) entered the multiple linear regression equation,which can ex-plained 26.4% of the changes on mental health of left-behind JMSS.Conclusion Compared with the non-left-be-hind JMSS,the negative life events of left-behind JMSS were more frequently,with greater negative impact,lesse-ning the occurrence of negative life events in life of left-behind JMSS was one of the effective way to develop their mental health.

Objective To find out the differences between left-behind and non left-behind junior middle school students (JMSS) on family APGAR index (APGAR),perceived social support (PSSS) and mental health (MH);and to analysis the relationship among APGAR,PSSS and MH of left-behind JMSS.Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas were assessed in Hunan,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form,Family AP-GAR Index,Perceived Social Support Scale and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student.Results Left-behind JMSS' PSSS(59.27±11.78 vs 60.55±11.88,P=0.009),family support (19.12±4.69 vs 19.72±4.59,P=0.012),other support (20.29±4.59 vs 20.69±4.57,P=0.033) were lower;APGAR ((4.79±2.32 vs 5.08±2.46,P=0.014) and Adaptation (0.77±0.62 vs 0.87±0.62,P=0.001) lower;mental health status score higher (2.18±0.56 vs 2.07±0.57,P=0.000) than non-left-behind JMSS.APGAR was signifi-cantly correlated with PSSS(r=0.368,P<0.000) ;APGAR (r=-0.098),in which Adapt;on (r=-0.123),Growth (r=-0.074) and qmidu (r=-0.080,PSSS (r=-0.149),in which family support (r=-0.151),friend support(r=-0.089) and other support (r=-0.137)were significantly correlated with MH of left-behind JMSS(P<0.01),family support (β=-0.126) and adaption (β=-0.086)entered the multiple linear regression equation,which can explained 16.2% of the changes on mental health(F=20.049,P=0.000).Conclusion In order to improve mental health of JMSS,parents,caregivers,should give them more family care,schools and soci-ety should pay more attention to left-behind JMSS,and give them more help and a health environment in life,teach them to find social support and solve problems in life by them through a series of mental health education.

Objective To analysis the relationship among stressors,stress medi-factors and mental health of left-behind junior middle school students( JMSS) ,and to built a structural equation model on psychological stress of left-behind JMSS. Methods 1309 left-behind JMSS in rural areas in Hunan were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form , Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR,Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health for Chinese Middle-school Student. Results Life events (r = 0.08) influenced mental health directly,and it influenced mental health indirectly by acting on negative coping styles(r=0.01) and APGAR (r= -0.02). Social support(r= -0.02) ,self-esteem(r = 0.03) ,negative coping styles(r=0.07) ,positive coping styles (r= -0.04),P (r = 0.03) and N (r = 0.04) also influenced mental health directly. E(r = 0. 21) ,N(r = -1.87) and P(r= -0.83) and APGAR(r=0. 10) influenced mental health indirectly by the mediation of self-esteem; APGAR(r = 4. 89) influenced mental health by the mediation of social support. Conclusion Personality (P,N),life events, social support, APGAR, positive and negative coping styles, self-esteem impact on mental health of rural junior middle school students in different ways.

Objective To find out the factors that influence the mental health of the rural junior middle school students (JMSS).Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan province were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR, Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health.Results There were no significant difference between JMSS with different gender(P = 0.509 ), family income (P = 0.267 ), occupation of their fathers (P = 0.473 ), occupation of their mothers (P=0.105 ), education background of their mothers (P = 0.266 ).There were statistically significant difference between JMSS of different age (P = 0.000 ), grade (P = 0.000 ), whether their parents going out to work (P = 0.000 ),whether their parents divorced(P = 0.001 ) and education background of their fathers (P = 0.000 ); whether their parents going out to work (r = 0.095 ), life events (r = 0.522 ), family care (r =-0.146 ), the perceived social support (r =-0.186 ), positive coping style (r =-0.020 ), negative coping style (r = 0.369 ) and psychoticism (r = 0.322 ),internal and external(r =-0.132), emotional stability (r = 0.555 ), lie (r =-0.293 ) and self-esteem (r =-0.329)were significantly corrected with psychological health( P ＜ 0.01 ).Except age, grade, whether their parents going out to work and the education background and occupation of their parents,the remaining variables entered the regression equation,which could explained 51.2% of changes of the psychological health(F=227.809, P=0.000).Conclusion In order to promote the development of J MSS mental health, we can give then more care to reduce negative life events in their life,guide them to culture health personality and use active coping styles when encounter difficulties and setbacks through a series of health education, promote the healthy development of their personality.

Objective To explore the acute effects of nickel in air PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system of rats.Methods The air PM2.5 of nickel-contaminated area and control area were collected and determined for some major metal elements.42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups,6 rats in each,the rats were instilled through trachea with saline,PM2.5 suspension of nickel-contaminated area and the control area respectively,at different doses(low,moderate and high dose).24 hours later,all the rats were killed for the determination of sVCAM-1 in the blood and MCP-1 in the myocardial tissue.Results The concentration of nickel in the air PM2.5 of nickel-contaminated area was found to be about 50 times higher than that in the control area.A good dose-response relationship was found in MCP-1 determination of the heart tissue in nickel-contaminated groups,and there were significant differences between nickel-contaminated area group and other groups(P﹤0.05).As for the sVCAM-1 in the serum,it was significant higher in the nickel-contaminated group and control group than the saline control group(P﹤0.05).Among the groups of nickel-contaminated area and control area,significant differences were found between the moderate and high dose groups.Conclusion The air PM2.5 from nickel-contaminated area has an obvious effect on the MCP-1 and sVCAM-1 of rats,the nickel in the air PM2.5 is likely the main contributing factor.

Objective To assess the level of environmental hormone (EH) in Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River and to find the pollutant sources and pollution routes. Methods Solid phase extraction (SPE), gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC-FID) were employed to determine EH in the water samples. Results 10 kinds of EH were detected, of which 6 were the priority control pollutants determined by the American EPA and 6 were predominant pollutants in China. 10 EH detected in Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River included naphthalene, phenanthrene, DBP, DEHP and benzothiazole and the detection rates of the five EH were 40%, 60%, 100%, 100% and 20% respectively. Conclusion The predominant environmental hormone pollutants in Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River are PAEs, PAHs, heterocycles, phenols and the main source of these pollutants is the waste water of petroleum chemical industry.

目的观察MOTOmed智能运动训练系统对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响，并进行相关费用的分析和评价。方法将60 例脑卒中患者分为对照和治疗组各30 例，均采用常规康复治疗，治疗组在此基础上增加MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练，并对每组患者在入组时、治疗2 个月和4 个月末分别采用简式Fugl-Meyer 评定法(FMA)、Barthel 指数(BI)对患者的上肢运动功能和ADL进行评定，并进行成本-效果分析。结果治疗后，治疗组FMA和BI 评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者住院总成本之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)，治疗组各项指标每改善1 分(或5 分)所产生的相关成本费用明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组比较，上肢运动功能评分每增加1 分，少花费56.3 元；ADL评分每提高5 分，少花费278.5 元。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复治疗中，应用MOTOmed智能运动训练系统是一种既经济又有效的康复治疗方案。

Objective To investigate the impact of aging and weight bearing on cartilage endplate morphology and chondrocyte apoptosis in rats. Methods The bipedal rat model (n=45) was developed by forelimb amputation and special breeding methods. The normal rats of the same age served as the control group (n=40). When the rats became 3, 6, 9, and 12 months old, 8 rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed and paraffin-embedded mid-sagittal sections of the L4-5 spine were obtained. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the TUNEL procedure was performed. The numbers of apoptotic cells and viable cells in the cartilage endplates of the intervertebral discs were counted, the thickness of the cartilage endplate was measured and the degree of impairment of the cartilage endplate was evaluated. Results Apoptosis first appeared in the cartilage endplate, then increased with aging and resulted in a remarkable decrease in cell density. The apoptotic rate of chondrocytes within the cartilage endplate of the bipedal rat model group was significantly higher than the control group at the 6-month time point. A statistically significant difference was observed in the bipedal rat model group between the 6-month time point and 9-month time point (P<0.05). Correlation analyses indicated that there was a highly negative correlation between the number of the viable cells of the cartilage endplate and the degree of the cartilage endplate degeneration (r=-0.97, P<0.05). Compared with the naturally aged group, the bipedal rat model group experienced more severe degeneration in the structure of the cartilage endplate, more obvious thickening of the cartilage endplate's calcified layer, and more defects in the structure of the cartilage. Conclusions Besides aging, weight bearing is probably a key factor of the increase of chondrocyte apoptosis and the degeneration of vertebral cartilage endplate.

In this case-control study, the effect of insulin sensitivity on the genesis of cholesterol gallstones was not affirmed. However, raised 2h insulin level during glucose tolerance test and systolic blood pressure were risk factors in gallstone formation. Besides, less physical activity, lower serum total cholesterol and lower HDL-C concentration were found in patients with cholesterol gallstone.