Culture is an important aspect in the main contents of bioethics.The localization of bioethics and culture are very inseparable.By studying the relationship between bioethics and culture,the author analyzed the difficulties in the development of the localization of bioethics in Chinese diversified cultural context,and proposed some ideas and recommendations on improving the localization of bioethics in China from a cultural perspective.

Objectives To introduce arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction with the tendon through the middle gap of remnant fiber and evaluate the recovery of postoperative knee function and the preliminary proprioception. Methods 17 cases of eligible patients of posterior cruciate ligament ruptures were performed arthro-scopic Single-beam type anatomical reconstruction with the tendon throung the middle gap of remnant fiber from August 2012 to March 2014. The tendon is fixed in operation through suspension of end-button and extrusion of bioabsorbable interference screw. The recovery of Knee function is assessed with comparative analyzing the preoper-ative and postoperative Lysholm and The International Knee Documentation Committee knee nation form (IKDC) subjective scores and KT-1000 (Joint stability measuring apparatus, PMENT NO 4.563 555, MEDmetric Corporation, San Diego, California, America) scores, and the postoperative proprioception of knee is assessed through measureing the time threshold to detection of passive motion(TTDPM) and the passive re-positioning (PRP) scores. Results There was no serious complications for all patients during the postoperative 12 month follow-up. Subjective scores showed:Lysholm scores from an average of (54.41 ±8.00) scores increased to (90.12±2.69) scores for 12 months followed up ( <0.05);IKDC knee scores from preoperative average (60.29 ±3.48) scores increased to (87.00 ±1.46) scores af-ter follow-up ( < 0.05). All patients reached the pre-injury level of daily life. The results appear as objective scores: preoperative KT-1000 measured mean scores (8.71 ± 2.17) mm, followed up 12 months measured the mean scores(1.88±0.78) mm, proprioception tests follow up 12 months showed, the knee PRP mean Angles respectively in 15o, 45o, 75oand the mean TTDPM Angles test at 45oCompared with the contralateral showed no significant differ-ence ( > 0.05). Conclusion Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with tendon throughing remnant fiber can effectively restore the stability of the knee and improve knee function, preserving remnant stubs and syn-ovial of PCL may be beneficial recovery of proprioception and healing of reconstruction tendon.

Objective To study the effect of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)on the expression of IRF-3 and IFN-β during the inflammatory reaction induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion in mice.Methods Totally 144 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:(1)ischemia reperfusion group(I group):the mice were subjected to 12 minutes ischemia by bilateral common carotid arteries(CCA)occlusion,and reperfusion without additional intervention;(2)TLR4 blocking group(T group):after 10 minutes of bilateral CCA occlusion,TLR4 antibody was injected slowly into right CCA within 2 minutes;(3)sham group(S group):no CCA occlusion was performed.At 1,2,3 and 4 d after ischemia reperfusion,the expression levels of TLR4,IRF-3 and IFN-β protein in the cortex was respectively examined by Western blot.Results In the right cortex,the expression levels of TLR4,IRF-3 and IFN-β of I group were distinctly higher than that of S and T gtoup(P<0.05);the expression levels of the 3 protein of T group were significantly higher than those of S group(P<0.05).Conclusion The cerebral ischemia reperfusion could activate TLR4 expression in the cortex of the mice.TLR4 might participate in the cerebral ischemia reperfusion through upregulating the expression of IRF-3 and IFN-β.

Objective To investigate the TH1/TH2 patterns by calculating the percentage of TH1, TH2 cells, and the TH1/TH2 ratio of peripheral blood from patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods The percentage of TH1 and TH2 cells in peripheral blood from 15 normal pregnant controls and 20 PIH patients (including 12 moderate and 8 severe cases) were calculated using flow cytometry for the analysis of both the surface marker CD3 CD8 and intracellular cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-? (IFN-?). Results The percentage of TH1 cells and the ratio of TH1/TH2 in PIH patients were significantly higher than those in the normal third-trimester pregnant controls [(20.50?4.02)% vs (12.57?2.18)%, P

Objective: To provide a scientific method for the reasonable use of the drugs,and to use it as guidelines for clinical chemotherapy. Methods: Samples of test group were obtained from 38 cases of bladder cancer.which were cultivated with different medicines and then examined the inhibiting rate with MTT.The medicine with the highest inhibiting rate was selected to treat bladder cancer.30 cases of bladder cancer were treated with HCPT routinely as control group.The rate of tumor recurrence between two groups was compared. Results:The inhibiting rate on tumour cells was positively related to the concentration of drugs,the combined chemotherapy was superior to single drug.Statistic results showed significant difference between the test group and control group(P

Purpose To explore the clinicopathological features,immunophenotype,differential diagnosis and prognosis of the composite pheochromocytoma (CP)-ganglioneuroma.Methods 3 cases of CP-ganglioneuroma were stained by immunohistochemical SP method,and the related literatures were reviewed.Results 3 cases of CP-ganglioneuroma were one male and 2 females,the age were 37-64.Case 3 were of primary mediastinal.Microscopically,the tumor tissues were composed of two components:one type of tumor cells were arranged in nests with a predominant Zellballen pattern,round or oval nuclei,fine granular cytoplasm and rare mitotic,another part of the neoplasm showed scattered and aggregated distributed ganglion cells in the background of neurofibromatosis which aligned bundles and interwoven,the edge of the tumor was still residual adrenal tissue.Immunohistochemically,components of pheochromocytoma were positive for CD56,CgA,Syn,vimentin and negative for SMA,Melan-A,α-inhibin NF with low Ki-67 proliferation index.S-100 was positive in supporting cells,ganglioneuroma components were positive for NF,S-100 with low Ki-67 proliferation index.CgA and Syn were weakly positive or negative in the ganglion cells.Conclusion CP is a relatively rare tumor,which can not be distinguished from pheochromocytoma in clinical and radiological diagnosis.The corresponding clinical treatment and follow-up management should be taken according to the different ingredients (benign or malignant).

As with all neurologic reflex mechanisms,efferent activity is brought about by afferent input. Furthermore, the superimposed voluntary control, which is a critical feature of social continence, is largely determined by sensations of bladder fullness. In recent years, interest in the pathophysiology of urinary incontinence has shifted from a focus on the detrusor muscle to the afferent innervation of the bladder. In this respect, it is notable that investigations of detrusor muscle function are often performed in the absence of an intact urothelium and lamina propria, along with their sensory innervation. This review will summarize the results from recent animal and human experiments.

Objective To explore the clinical features of adrenocortical oncocytoma for better understanding. Methods A total of 586 patients with adrenal cortical adenoma were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 1993 to November 2009, in which 18 were diagnosed as adrenal cortical oncocytoma pathologically, with 7 male and 11 female, aged ( 45.5 ± 15.9 ) years, and the disease course of( 13.3 ± 13.1 )months. Results 6 patients suffered from Cushing's syndrome, 2 primary hyperaldosteronism, 1 had clinical features of both Cushing's syndrome and primary hyperaldosteronism, and 9 were nonfunctional. 4 cases were misdiagnosed as pheochromocytoma preoperatively. All 18 patients were diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound and operation ( 13 by laparoscopy, 5 by laparotomy). 11 tumors were located in the left adrenal while 7 in the right, with the average tumor size of 5.6 cm in diameter. Histopathologically, 1 was oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma, while 17 were adrenocortical oncocytoma, in which 5 were potentially malignant and 12 were benign. 11 patients were followed up for 20.5±20.1 months. 2 patients were dead, and 9 were alive with tumor recurrence in 1 case.ConclusionsAdrenocortical oncocytoma is a pathological diagnosis and the clinical manifestations are various. The tumors are usually large in size, and can easily be found by ultrasound, but may be wrongly diagnosed as pheochromocytoma.Being different from previous reports, the majority of these patients present with endocrine dysfunction. Most of these cases are benign, but malignant potential is obvious. Therefore,follow-up is very important.

Sixty lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) cases were treated with electroacupuncture on such major points as Jiaji ( Ex-B 2) in L4, L5, and S1 and Huantiao (GB 30) as well as adjunctive corresponding points in the affected area plus short-lever micro-adjustment manipulation. Another 60 cases in the control group were treated with tra-ction. After three treatment courses, the former got the effective rate of 93.3%, while the latter only got 77.8%. The two groups have a statistical difference in therapeutic effect (P＜0.05).

Objectives:The screening examination of bladder cancer by detecting urinary survivin and the survivin expression in bladder cancer were evaluated. Methods:Urinary survivin was detected by ELISA and survivn expression of tumor tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry.(Results):There was significant difference in urinary survivin between the groups of treatment and control((P