Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment experience of primary ureteral cancer.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 24 patients with ureteral carcinoma treated in Beijing hospitals between 2001～2007.Compared various examination methods and tried to figure out the existing problems in the diagnosis and treatment.Results The preoperative diagnosis of 22 in 24 cases were clarified,19 of them received surgery.Postoperative pathology reports show of the 19 cases18 have pathology classification as transitional cell carcinoma,only 1 concurrent with small squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion The combination of different examination method include B-type ultrasonic inspection,IVP,cystoscopy,retrograde pyelography,the detection of cancer cells from urine,CT,MRI and ureteroscopy can increase the preoperative diagnosis rate of primary ureteral carcinoma.The B-type ultrasonic inspection is a basic screening tool,cystoscopy + retrograde pyelography check is the most important examination.Surgery is the major treatment.Sleeve resection of the affected kidney-ureter-bladder is the primary choice of treatment of ureteral cancer.The prognosis mainly depends on the tumor stage and grade,so improve early diagnosis of great significance.

The authors determined the concentration of matrine in rabbit blood plasma with HPLC after it was injected intravenously at constant rate and studied the pharmacokinetics with following five dosage groups of 10,15,20,30 and 60 mg/kg,respectively.As a result,the pharmacokinetics of matrine in rabbit body coincides with two-compartment open model.For 10-30mg/kg dosage groups,the t_(1/2)?,Vc and CLS are similar basically. A direct proportion increase in AUC as dose is increased.The matrine reveals linear elim- ination.For 60 mg/kg dosage group,t_(1/2)? obviously lengthens.AUC increases over pro- portion.The elimination of matrine is nonlinear.

Objective To improve the management of the complications in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Methods Bone pain, anemia, urinary tract obstruction, hematuria and edema in the lower extremities and scrotum of patients with prostate cancer were managed with analgesics(24 cases), bisphosphonates(14 cases), isotope strontium-89(6 cases), external beam irradiation(9 cases), blood transfusion(9 cases), TURP(7 cases), superpubic cystostomy(8 case), percutaneous nephrostomy(4 case) and cysto-irrigation(6 case). Results 16 patients were alived and 10 were died of respiratory or circulation failure . The patients were relieved from pain and the other complications for several months after the palliative measures had been taken. Conclusions Bone pain, anemia, urinary tract obstruction and hematuria are common complications of advanced prostate cancer. They may have great impact on the life quality of patients. Diverse therapeutic modalities should be employed to palliate these disabling symptoms.

To investigate the relationship between the effects of arecoline hydrobromide on contraction of the smooth muscles in oncomelania foot, and explore the mechanism of arecoline hydrobromide in decreasing climbing adhesion and increasing snail－killing. 　Method: The in vitro experiment was used to observe the effects of arecoline hydrobromide on contraction activitive of foot smooth muscles of oncomelania. 　Results: With a concentration of 3×10-6mol*L-1, arecoline hydrobromide strengthened the contraction and increased the frequency of the contraction of the foot smooth muscles of oncomelania, which was antagonized by verapamil. The same concentration of arecoline hydrobromide enhanced the contraction of smooth muscles in Ringer's solution with ECTA but Ca2+, and this effect was antagonized by caffeine. The concentrations of 10－5 and 3×10－5mol*L-1 of arecolin hydrobromide blocked the effect of Bay K8644 in enhancing foot smooth muscle contraction, with a characteristic of concentration－dependence. 　Conclusion:Arecoline hydrobromide may block the calcium channel of the smooth muscles in oncomelania foot. This could provide an explanation why arecoline hydrobromide decreases the rate of oncomelania climbing adhesion and enhances snail－killing.

0.05), which shows that two kinds of patches from American Bard Corporation and the American Auto Suture Company have the similar effectiveness, but patch material has no direct relationship with complication occurrence.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate(TUPKRP)and transurethral resection of prostate(TURP). Methods A total of 36 elderly patients with large volume prostate and high-risk benign prostatic hypertrophy were involved in this study.Among them,16 patients underwent PKRP and 20 patients underwent TURP.The operation time,blood loss,resected prostate weight,continuous bladder irrigation time,catheterization time,international prostate symptom score(IPSS)and Omax 6 months post-operation were compared between PKRP group and TURP group. Results There was no significant difference in all parameters except the blood losss between the 2 groups.The blood loss was less in TUPKRP group than in TURP group[(283±155)ml vs.(465±264)ml,P<0.05],and no blood transfusion needed during operation in TUPKRP group(O case vs.2 cases,P<0.01).However,IPSS and Omax 6 months post-operation improved significantly as compared with preoperation in the 2 groups(PKRP:(27.8±3.5)vs.(6.8±3.4),(4.5±2.7)ml/s us.(15.8±6.2)ml/s;TURP:(29.2±6.1)vs.(7.4±4.2),(5.2±3.6)ml/s vs.(15.2±5.3)ml/s,all P<0.01). Conclusions The effect of TUPKR is similar to TURP,but TUPKR is more safety than TURP for the elderly patients with large volume and high-risk BPH.

Objective:To develop a negative emotion screening scale for inpatients(NESSI) and test its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on our previous studies and the theory model of psychological stress, the original item pool was established through literature review, expert interviews and patient consultation.The first version of NESSI was constructed by Delphi method, then initially tested in 421 inpatients followed by the project analysis and reliability test. After those above, the formal scale was developed and tested in 318 inpatients followed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability test.Finally, 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), anger state expression scale (SAS) and simplified Chinese version of fear of disease progression scale(FoP-Q-SF) were used to test the criterion validity.Results:After exploratory factor analysis, 17 items were retained in the final scale, which can be categorized into four dimensions: fear of illness, depression, somatization and anger, which could explain 63.49% of the total variation.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting degree of each factor model was good and met the requirements of reference value (χ 2/ df=2.949, RMR=0.044, CFI=0.929, NFI=0.897, IFI=0.930, TLI=0.915, PGFI=0.655, RMSEA=0.078). The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.925, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of the four factors ranged from 0.762 to 0.898.The criterion validity showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the scale and the four criterion scales ( r= 0.574-0.805, all P<0.01). Conclusion:The NESSI scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a psychological problem screening tool among non-psychiatric inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: To seek the effect of CO2 laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (LAUP) of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHOD: Patients with OSAHS confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) were chosen. Ninety-six patients were completed PSG studies of more than 6 months after CO2 LAUP. RESULT: The 96 patients' follow-up period was 6 months, 29 cases were cured; 34 cases had notable effects; 13 cases had effects; 20 cases had no effects. The effective rate was 79.17% (76/96). CONCLUSION Application CO2 LAUP is a safe and effective treatment method for OSAHS.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Palate ; surgery ; Palate, Soft ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Uvula ; surgery

Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.