Objective To explore the short term effects of five second-generation antipsychotics on the serum pro?lactin levels of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods Two hundred fifty first-episode schizophrenia patients were randomly divided into five groups and were then treated with risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone, respectively. The serum prolactin were tested at baseline, and every week following initiation of treatment. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) were used to evalu?ate the effect and side effect of treatment. Results Repeated measure ANOVA for serum prolactin showed that the main effects of time, the main effect of group, and the interactive effect of time and group were significant (all P<0.01). At the first week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group was higher than all the other four groups (P<0.05). At the sec?ond, third, fourth and fifth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than the other three groups (P<0.05). At the end of the sixth week, the serum prolactin level of risperidone group, olanzapine group and paliperidone group was higher than the quetiapine and ziprasidone groups (P<0.05). But serum prolactin level of risperidone group and olanzapine group was higher than that of paliperidone group (P<0.05). The changes of PANSS before and after treatment were significantly different among groups (P<0.05). However, the incidence of the side effects was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The level of serum prolactin gradually increases in schizophrenia patients receiving treatment of antipsychotics. The short term effects of different second generation antipsy?chotics on serum prolactin vary differently. Risperidol and olanzapine result in the elevation of serum prolactin level in the early period of treatment.

Objective:To understand knowledge, belief, practice level of insulin injection and influencing factors of behavior of clinical nurses in tertiary general hospitals, so as to provide the basis for formulating targeted training programs for insulin injection.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 169 clinical nurses in the adult ward of a tertiary general hospital were selected as the research objects in May 2020. The self-made basic information questionnaire and Insulin Injection Knowledge, Belief and Practice Questionnaire were used for investigation. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of insulin injection behavior of clinical nurses.Results:Among 169 clinical nurses, the awareness rate of guidelines was 82.84% (140/169) , 95.86% (162/169) of nurses had patient education experience, the incidence rate of insulin injection needle stab injury was 14.79% (25/169) , and 90.53% (153/169) of nurses had the need to receive insulin injection system training. The total scores of knowledge, belief and practice dimensions of the Insulin Injection Knowledge, Belief and Practice Questionnaire for clinical nurses were respectively 60.00 (45.00, 70.00) , 50.00 (49.00, 50.00) and 85.00 (82.00, 85.00) , and the total score of the questionnaire was 189.00 (178.50, 200.50) . The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that knowing the guidelines, receiving insulin injection operation training and insulin injection needle stick experience were the influencing factors of insulin injection behavior ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses in tertiary general hospitals have a high level of insulin injection beliefs and behaviors and there are still deficiencies in insulin injection knowledge. In the training work related to clinical insulin injection, attention should be paid to strengthening and maintaining the belief and behavior of standardized insulin injection, emphasizing the safety of insulin injection, and combining with the technical guidelines and specifications of insulin injection, improving the knowledge reserve and application ability of insulin injection of clinical nurses.