Objective To analyze the sibling relationship and genetic diversity of four certified Radix Gentianae (RG) species by RAPD and ISSR methods. It provided molecular biological proof for species identification and breeding of certified RG. Methods PCR reaction systems of RAPD and ISSR were optimized, and the agarose gel electrophoresis results were analyzed into statistic data. Results Ten RAPD primers and four ISSR primers were selected respectively from 100 RAPD primers and 32 ISSR primers. The statistic data were analyzed to construct cluster analysis dendrogram by genetic distance UPGMA method. Conclusion The PCR reaction systems of this experiment gets ideal RAPD and ISSR results that suit to the analysis of certified RG species in genetic diversity and sibling relationship.

Objective To investigate the ideal dosage of dexmedetomidine( DEX) with 1?0 μg/kg fentanyl for monitored anesthesia care ( MAC) during endoscopic variceal ligation ( EVL) . Methods A total of 60 patients scheduled for elective EVL were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=20) . After fentanyl was infused intravenously at the dosage of 1?0 μg/kg, the loading dosage of DEX at 1?0 μg/kg ( group D1 ) , 1?5 μg/kg ( group D2 ) , or 2?0μg/kg ( group D3 ) was continuously infused in 10 min, respectively. When the modified OAA/S score reaching≥3 point, EVL was carried out. The change in modified OAA/S score, the operation duration time, recovery time, satisfaction rates of patient and doctor, and complications were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in regarding of general status, operation duration time and satisfaction score of patients between the 3 groups ( P>0?05 ) . Before endoscope insertion, the OAA/S score in group D3(4?4±0?2)was higher than that in D1(3?4±0?5)or D2 groups(3?8±0?3)(P<0?05), and there was no significant difference between the scores of D1 and D2(P>0?05).At the time?point of 5 mins after endoscope insertion, the OAA/S score in group D3(4?5±0?3)was significantly higher than that in D1(3?5±0?6)or D2 groups(3?7±0?4)(P<0?05),there were no significant differences between D1 and D2( P>0?05) . At the end of the procedure,there was no significant difference in OAA/S score between the 3 groups(P>0?05).Compared with group D1(3?1±0?9)min and D2(3?8±0?8)min, the recovery time in group D3(6?6±1?2)min was significantly longer (P<0?05), while there was no significant difference between D1 and D2(P>0?05). The satisfaction score of endoscopist in group D1(8?0±0?8) was significantly lower than that in group D2(9?4±0?6)or D3(9?5±0?5)(P<0?05), there was no significant difference between groups D2 and D3 ( P>0?05 ) . No tachycardia, hypertension or hypoxemia occurred during the procedure. There was no significant difference in rate of hypotension among the three groups ( P>0?05) . The incidences of nausea(30%) and body movement(15%) in group D1 were significantly higher than those in group D2 and D3(P<0?05).There were no differences between D2 and D3(P>0?05). The incidence of bradycardia in group D3(40%) was significantly higher than those in group D1(0) and D2(10%)(P<0?05).There were no differences between those in D1 and D2(P>0?05). Conclusion Combined with 1?0 μg/kg fentanyl, 1?5 μg/kg DEX is more efficient and safer for EVL in the status of MAC.

Objective To observe the influence of chitosan on the skin and soft tissue expansion.Methods Twenty-five patients were selected,who were suitable to be embedded soft tissue expanders in the face,a 100-milliliter expander was implanted in one side of the face,and other side was used as control.A 100-milliliter expander was implanted in each group,and a slender silicon duct was embedded between the expander and subcutaneous tissue in the experimental group.About five to seven days after the operation,the negative drainage tube was removed,and then two-milliliter medical chitosan injected with the silicon duct in the experimental group,but not in the control group.Two groups were injected with normal saline in the second day.The center of expanded skin was pressed and skin elasticity and relaxation were compared between the two groups during the injection interval.The time of injection interval,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders after two weeks and three weeks and the total time of expansion to 100 milliliters were recorded.After injection was completed in the two groups and maintained for two weeks.In the stage Ⅱ operation,the expanders were taken out,1 cm × 1 cm fibropeplos was removed from the center of the expanded skin flap from the two groups,and pathological section was prepared to measure the thickness of fibropeplos,average gray scale of collagen and the quantity of blood capillaries.The fibroblasts,collagen fiber and capillaries were observed and compared under light microscope.A matched-pairs t analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with the control group,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders in the experimental group was increased at the same time; the water injection period was shorten and tissue expansion was significantly accelerated.The number of fibroblasts in the fibropeplos decreased with the influence of chitosan.The fibroblasts were restrained to mature period and collegan decreased.The fibropeplos became thinner but the capillaries were not affected.Conclusions Chitoson can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production,and the effect of accelerating tissue expansion is significant and deserves to be recommended.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphism in promoter region can change the expression of genes, which may be associated with susceptivity of diseases. Gene polymorphism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter is associated with nationality and many diseases. Different nationalities often display different characteristics of gene polymorphism.OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of polymorphism at sites -597 and -572 in IL-6 promoter region in Tibet Tibetan population and to provide the theoretical data for Tibetan population genetics and background of immunity.DESIGN: Randomized investigation.SETTING: Institute of Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 108 healthy Tibetan teenagers were selected from Lasa and Naqu region in Tibet autonomous region from October 2003 to July 2004, including 60 males and 48 females, aged from 14-21 years. Inclusive criteria:The parents of the volunteers were healthy Tibetans after body examination. The volunteers knew the fact, agreed to participate into the trail and signed the informed consent.METHODS: 5 mL peripheral vein blood was collected from 108 Tibetan teenagers. DNA from human leucocytes was extracted by salt fractionation. IL-6 promoter including -597 and -572 fragments was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Representative fragments were cloned then sequenced after restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Distribution of polymorphism in Tibet Tibetan population; Results after comparison with those of other nationalities including Han population.RESULTS: Data of 108 Tibetan teenagers were involved in the result analysis. ①Distribution of polymorphism on -572C/G site of IL-6 promoters in population of either sex: There were no GA and AA genotypes at site -597, but only GG genotype appeared. There were CC, CG and GG genotypes at site -572, and the frequencies were 0.63, 0.35 and 0.02 in order. Distribution of genotype with representativeness met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies were 0.81 and 0.19, respectively. There was no significant difference of either sex in genotype and allele frequency (P ＞ 0.05). ②Distribution of polymorphism on -597 G/A and -572 C/G in different nationalities: GG, GA, AA genotypes appeared on -597 site in England and France, and G and A allele frequencies were 0.60 and 0.40,respectively. It was significantly different from that of Tibetan in Tibet. Furthermore, Japanese had no polymorphism,which was similar to that of Hans in China (P ＞ 0.05). ③Genotype of different straps and results of DNA sequencing:Only GG genotype was found on -597 site (without the restriction site, one fragment after restriction, PCR amplification products), no GA and AA genotypes. CC, CG and GG genotypes appeared at site -572, and frequencies were 0.64,0.35 and 0.01, respectively. Distribution of genotype with representativeness met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ＞0.05). Allele frequencies were 0.81 and 0.19, respectively. There was no significant difference of either sex in genotype and allele frequency. Distribution of gene frequency and allele frequency in IL-6 were similar between Tibetan and that of Hans, but it was significantly different from that of population in England, France and America.CONCLUSION: There are nationality differences of IL-6 gene polymorphism at sites -597 and -572. No polymorphism is found at site -597 in Tibetan. Race differences are seen at site -572, having CC, CG and GG genotypes and G allele is rate. Compared with white population, there is significant difference in genotype and allele frequency at site -572. Their characteristics are close to Hah population and Japanese, which may be associated with genetic gene of persons living in plateau.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of a respiratory function training instrument with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods Sixty-seven COPD patients in the stable period were randomly divided into a treatment group of 36 and a control group of 31 using a random number table.Both groups were given conventional pulmonary rehabilitation,including half-closed lip respiration,abdominal respiration and upper limb training.The treatment group was additionally provided with 30 minutes of respiratory training using a respiration function training instrument 5 times per week for 6 months.Both groups were assessed for their mobility,life quality and pulmonary function using the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT),a COPD assessment test (CAT),the BODE index,forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and surface electromyography (SEMG) of the respiratory muscles before and after the 6-month intervention.Results Before the treatment there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of any of the measurements.After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in the average 6 MWT,CAT,BODE index and SEMG results in both groups,but with significantly greater improvement in the treatment group.The average FVC and FEV1 results did not improve significantly,so after the intervention there was still no significant difference between the groups.Conclusions Respiratory training using the pulmonary function training instrument can improve the mobility,life quality and the functioning of the respiratory muscles of COPD patients in the stable period.

Objective To investigate the effects of different wavelength (595 nm,755 nm and 1064 nm) lasers on the mRNA expression of types Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen in cultured fibroblasts.Methods Fibroblasts from Kunming mice were cultured in vitro.They were divided into 595 nm laser group,755 nm laser group,1064 nm laser group and no laser irradiating group.The mRNA expression of the types Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen was detected by RT-PCR.Results The mRNA expression level of type Ⅰ procollagen in 1064 nm group was higher than that of 755 nm group,595 nm group and control group (P＜0.05).The expression levels of 755 nm group and 595 nm group were higher than that of control group (P＜0.05).But the difference between 755 nm group and 595 nm group was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The mRNA expression level of type Ⅲ procollagen in 1064 nm group was higher than that in 755 nm group,595 nm group and control group (P＜0.05).755 nm group had higher expression than 595 nm group and control group (P＜0.05).But the difference between 595 nm group and the control group was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Three wavelength lasers can directly promote mRNA expression of types Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen in fibroblasts.595 nm laser mainly promotes mRNA expression of type Ⅰ procollagen,and 755 nm laser promotes more mRNA expression of type Ⅲ procollagen than 595 nm laser.The most mRNA expression of types Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen is promoted by 1064 nm laser.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minor endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation(EPLBD)for common bile duct stones(CBDS)in elderly patients and to study the influence of the periampullary diverticula on efficacy. Methods Data of 209 patients with CBD stones(more than 1. 0 cm)over the age of 70 were retrospectively analyzed. The pa-tients were divided into EST group(103 cases)and the EST with EPLBD group(106 cases),which was further divided into two subgroups with and without periampullary diverticula.Operation time,complete stone removal rate in the first session,mechanical lithotripsy usage rate and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with EST group,the EST with EPLBD group had shorter operation time [(25. 65±8. 76)min VS(35±6. 67)min,P= 0. 000],a higher success rate of the complete stone removal in the first session( 90. 57% VS 83. 50%,P = 0. 030),lower rate of mechanical lithotripsy( 8. 50% VS 55. 34%,P= 0. 000),but with a higher incidence of hyperamylemia(18/ 106 VS 7/ 103,P = 0. 044).The o-verall stone removal rates showed no difference(96. 23% VS 95. 14%,P= 0. 700).In the EPLBD group,di-verticulum had no effects on the results and complications of ERCP( P> 0. 05). Conclusion EST with EPLBD is a safe and effective method for CBDS in elderly patients. Periampullary diverticula does not affect the therapeutic effects of this method.

OBJECTIVETo study the efficacy of community management model of bronchial asthma in children.

METHODThrough community outreach and clinic, 120 cases of children with asthma were enrolled from the 11 000 children aged 0 to 14 in Zhanlanlu area, and a community management model of asthma was established according to the Global Initiative for Asthma requirements combined with the actual situation of the community, both physicians and patients participated in case identification, file creation, and long-term standardized management. Through repeated medical education, the telephone hotline and interactive network of asthma among physicians, children and parents, a physician-patient relationship was established. The data of standardized medication, scheduled re-visit to the hospital, frequency of asthma attacks, antibiotic use, medical expenses, the loss of parents work hours etc. before and after the implementation of community management model were analyzed and compared.

RESULTAfter implementation of community management model, the use of systemic corticosteroids (19.4%), oral medication (31.6%) was significantly lower than those before implementation (68.3% and 90.0%) (χ(2) = 51.9, 41.1, P < 0.01), use of inhaled corticosteroids (76.5%) and oral leukotriene receptor antagonist (79.6%) was significantly higher compared with control and before management level (10.0%), χ(2) = 106.0, P < 0.01. The days of attacks of asthma (4.6 ± 2.3), the use of antibiotics (16.2 ± 6.1), (5.7 ± 2.9) and the cost of treatment significantly decreased. In 16 cases (13.3%) two-way referral was applied. In this study, the dropout rate was 18.3%, by telephone and network supervision of lost cases, re-education, made some children return to management, eventually the dropout rate was 9.2%.

CONCLUSIONEnrollment of children with bronchial asthma into community management model made the children adhere to the management regularly and a standardized management was achieved.

Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Child ; Child Health Services ; methods ; organization & administration ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Services ; methods ; organization & administration ; Community Networks ; Disease Management ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Education as Topic ; organization & administration ; Self Care

The incidence of colorectal cancer is high threatening human health. About 60％～70％cases of CRC are derived from colorectal polyps, which can be treated by endoscopic electrotomy to prevent the possibility of canceration. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of CRC, the role of screening is of great significance. CRC screening methods include the most commonly used fecal occult blood test ( FOBT ) and the more sensitive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), cost-effective fiber sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, CT colonoscopy (CTC), and fecal DNA testing and immature CRC hematology screening. In this paper, the CRC screening technologies were reviewed, including the principles, characteristics and the latest research progress to provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of CRC screening technology.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of vasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A) and microvessel density (MVD).

METHODSTumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissue (distance to cancer >5 cm) from 60 colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2013 to November 2013 were included in this study. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A were observed by Western blot. Correlation among parameters was examined.

RESULTSVasohibin-1 expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and endothelial cells. VEGF-A expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumor cells. The expressions of vasohibin-1, VEGF-A and MVD in colorectal tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues [43.3% (26/60) vs. 16.7% (10/60), 51.7%(31/60) vs. 18.3% (11/60), (39.67 ± 16.80)/mm² vs. (17.85 ± 6.43)/mm², all P<0.05]. Higher vasohibin-1 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis (P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGF-A and MVD (r=0.378, 0.628, all P<0.05). Vasohibin-1 and VEGF-A mRNA expressions and protein expressions in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding adjacent tissues (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVasohibin-1 expression in colorectal cancer tissues is significantly higher as compared to corresponding adjacent tissues. Vasohibin-1 expression is positively correlated to VEGF-A and MVD, and associated to TNM stage and metastasis. Positive vasohibin-1 expression indicates a poor prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A