Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play an important role in radiation and chemotherapy resistance.Different cancer subtypes mean different BCSCs.Inhibitors for BCSCs are gradually explored in clinical trials.Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are crucial process to tumor metastasis.CTCs seem to be associated with stem cell phenotype.Therefore,further research for BCSCs will enable us to achieve improvement of their clinical application.

Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in students in Qin?ghai Province,so as to provide an evidence for effective prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods The students of Grade Four or above were randomly selected with the multi?stage stratified cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaire about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province. Results Totally 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,with the pass rate of 66.0%(15 566 cases). The pass rates of the male and female students were 65.1%(7 947 cases)and 66.9%(7 619 cases)respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2=8.454,P<0.01). The difference of pass rates among different dis?tricts of Qinghai Province was statistically significant(χ2=3 848.619,P<0.01). Conclusion The general aware rate of echino?coccosis knowledge in students is not high in Qinghai Province,and therefore,it is necessary to enhance the health education, especially for students in pasturing areas.

Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in people,and analyze the influencing factors of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis,so as to provide efficient and targeted evidence for taking intervention measures against echinococcosis.Methods All the districts (counties) in agricultural and pastoral area-based cities (zhous) in Qinghai Province were selected,3 townships were selected in each district (county),and 100 residents were randomly selected in each township via the stratified random sampling method.In each district (county),students of Grade Four or higher were randomly selected via the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,they were all investigated through a questionnaire survey about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province in 2012-2014.The influencing factors of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis,including age,gender and district.Results Totally 11 959 residents and 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,and the qualified rate of residents and students in prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis was 62.4％ (7 464 cases) and 66.0％(15 566 cases),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =43.695,P ＜ 0.01).The aware rate of echinococcosis knowledge between residents and students was significantly different (x2 =113.680,60.712,1 204.943,273.296,P ＜ 0.01) except the question "washing hands before eating".Logisitic regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the qualified rate of echinococcosis of residents were age (OR =0.989,95％CI:0.986-0.991) and district (compared with Huangnan Zhou,Haidong City OR =3.478,95％CI:2.978-4.063;Haixi Zhou OR =10.284,95％CI:8.578-12.330;Hainan Zhou OR =7.750,95％CI:6.468-9.286;Haibei Zhou OR =11.056,95％CI:9.089-13.448;Guoluo Zhou OR =7.309,95％CI:6.132-8.713;and Yushu Zhou OR =0.319,95％CI:0.258-0.393);and the main factors influencing the qualified rate of echinococcosis of students were age (OR =0.981,95％CI:0.964-0.998),gender (OR =1.103,95％CI:1.040-1.170) and district (compared with Huangnan Zhou,Xi'ning City OR =5.428,95％CI:4.823-6.109;Haidong City OR =3.860,95％CI:3.437-4.334;Haixi Zhou OR =6.557,95％CI:5.750-7.477;Hainan Zhou OR =2.757,95％CI:2.444-3.112;Haibei Zhou OR =9.968,95％CI:8.498-11.692;Guoluo Zhou OR =4.306,95％CI:3.653-5.075;and Yushu Zhou OR =0.616,95％CI:0.545-0.695).Conclusions The general aware rate of echinococcosis knowledge in people is not high in Qinghai Province.The main factors that have influenced the qualified rate of echinococcosis knowledge of residents are age and district,and of students are age,gender and district.It is necessary to implement the targeted intervention measures to improve mastering level of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis of people in Qinghai Province.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of the Chinese version of SF-36 ( v. 2 ) scale for evaluating the quality of life of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure. Methods From September 2013 to December 2014, 159 patients with chronic heart failure(NYHA I-IV), who were older than 18 years, clear mind and well self-expressed, were selected as participants. Questionnaire surveys included general survey and SF-36(v. 2) scale. Internal consistency reliability, binary reliability and construct validity were all analyzed as indicators to evaluate SF-36 ( v. 2 ) scale. Results A total of 159 questionnaires were issued and 159 valid questionnaires were recovered. The eight dimensions of SF-36(v. 2) scale including physical function (PF), role-physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), social function (SF), vitality (VT), role-emotion(RE), and mental health (MH) score conversion were (41.57 ±24.86), (48.35 ±21.64), (69.18 ± 25. 68), (31. 28 ± 16. 01), (48. 90 ± 19. 53), (45. 05 ± 22. 76), (59. 43 ± 24. 31), (57. 55 ± 19. 03); the floor effects were 2. 5%, 4. 4%, 3. 1%, 4. 4%, 3. 1%, 6. 3%, 0. 6%, 1. 3%; the ceiling effects were 0. 0%, 3. 8%, 21. 4%, 0. 0%, 0. 0%, 1. 9%, 3. 1%, 0. 0%. The item-convergent validity all achieved the standard (r≥0. 4), and the total scaling success rate of item-convergent was 100. 00%; the dimensions′success rates of item-discriminant validity of RP, BP, RE and SF were all 100%, the rest of four dimensions were PF 95. 71%, GH 85. 71%, VT 89. 29%, MH 94. 29%, and the total success rate was 94. 69%. Internal consistency reliability ranged from 0. 738 to 0. 919; the binary reliability ranged from 0. 808 to 0. 963. Within factors analysis, two common factors were confirmed, separately representing physical health and mental health, altogether making contribution of 61. 66% cumulative variance. Conclusions As the revision of SF-36(v. 1), SF-36(v. 2) scale seemed more friendly in layout for questions and answers, the floor and ceiling effects significantly reduced. Additionally, it also shows good reliability and validity in the evaluation of quality of life of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure, and the SF-36(v. 2) scale can be used to evaluate the quality of life ( QOL) of patients with chronic heart failure.