Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in students in Qin?ghai Province,so as to provide an evidence for effective prevention and control of echinococcosis. Methods The students of Grade Four or above were randomly selected with the multi?stage stratified cluster sampling method and investigated with the questionnaire about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province. Results Totally 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,with the pass rate of 66.0%(15 566 cases). The pass rates of the male and female students were 65.1%(7 947 cases)and 66.9%(7 619 cases)respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2=8.454,P<0.01). The difference of pass rates among different dis?tricts of Qinghai Province was statistically significant(χ2=3 848.619,P<0.01). Conclusion The general aware rate of echino?coccosis knowledge in students is not high in Qinghai Province,and therefore,it is necessary to enhance the health education, especially for students in pasturing areas.

Objective To investigate the expressions of minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5)and P1 6 INK4A gene and protein in cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)and normal tissues.Methods Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used respectively to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in 40 cases of cervical cancer,1 1 cases of CIN I,1 5 cases of CIN Ⅱ - Ⅲ and 1 5 cases of normal cervical tissues.Results ① The expression levels of mRNA and protein of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A in tissues of cervical squamous cell cancer were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues,CIN I and CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ tissues (P <0.05).The expression level of P1 6 INK4A was significantly higher in tissues of cervical squamous cell cancer than in normal cervical tissues and CIN I tissues (P < 0.01 ). However,it did not differ from that in CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ tissues (P >0.05 ).② The high expression of MCM5 mRNA and protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated with clinical stage and differentiation grade of cervical cancer (P <0.01),but not correlated with age (P >0.05).P1 6 INK4A expression exhibited no correlation with clinical stage or age of patients (P >0.05),but positive correlation with differentiation grade (P <0.01).③ A positive correlation was found between MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A expressions in cervical cancer (r = 0.538,P <0.01).Conclusion The over-expressions of MCM5 and P1 6 INK4A may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer.MCM5 may be used as a new marker of the proliferation of cervical cancer. Detection of P1 6 INK4A and MCM5 is of great significance to studying the grade and outcome of CIN,which may improve the rate of cervical cancer screening.

Objective:To investigate the ethical cognition of clinical research among medical staff working at different grades of hospitals in Qinghai Province and thus to provide references for the construction of medical ethics organization in hospitals.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the knowledge of hospital ethics among medical staff from 11 hospitals of different grades in Qinghai Province.Results:Among the 611 med-ical staff,329 (53.8％) received medical ethics education in continuing education and 378 (61.9％) knew that the ethics committee had been set up in their hospitals.The medical staff in different grades of hospitals showed a statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05) in the medical behavior cognition of ethical laws and regulations and the need for ethical review.Conclusion:Hospitals in Qinghai province need to strengthen the training of medical ethics knowl-edge,improve medical staff's awareness of ethics committee,and promote the efficient operation of hospital ethics.

Objective To understand the epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan children in south Qinghai Province. Methods The imageology and serology methods were applied to investigate the epidemic status of alveolar echinococ?cosis of elementary school students in Yushu and Guoluo prefectures. Results Totally 19 629 children were investigated by the portable B ultrasound and 221 children were diagnosed as alveolar echinococcosis with the morbidity of 1.13%. Totally 9 888 were investigated by the indirect ELISA,and the positive rate of serum tests was 12.59%(190/9 888). The total morbidity of al?veolar echinococcosis of children in Yushu Prefecture was 0.42%(31/7 454)and it was 1.57%(190/12 175)in Guoluo Prefec?ture and there was a significant difference between them(χ2=53.42,P<0.005). The sero?positive rates of children in Yushu and Guoluo were 4.26%(302/7 081)and 18.56%(1 835/9 888),respectively(χ2 =765.77,P<0.005). The counties with the highest prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in children were Dari County (4.31%,106/2 461) and Banma County (1.92%,26/1 351)of Guoluo Prefecture ,and Chengduo County(1.11%,18/1 612)of Yushu Prefecture. The total morbid?ity rates of alveolar echinococcosis of male and female children were 0.91%(91/9 954)and 1.34%(130/12 175)respective?ly(χ2=7.35,P<0.005). The total sero?positive rates of alveolar echinococcosis of male and female children were 12.10%(1 037/8 568)and 13.09%(1 100/8 406)respectively(χ2=3.63,P>0.05). The total morbidity of alveolar echinococcosis of children in different age groups was from 1.00%to 1.13%,and there was no significant difference among the age groups(χ2=2.73,P>0.05). The P1a type,P1b type and P2 type accounted for 67.76%(145/214),10.75%(23/214)and 16.36%(35/214)respectively among the alveolar echinococcosis patients. The diameters of nidus of 87.38%(187/214)patients were less than 5 cm,and 2.80%(6/214)were more than 10 cm. Conclusions The epidemic status of alveolar echinococcosis of Tibetan children in south Qinghai Province is serious,but most of the patients were at early stage of the disease. The screening work of al?veolar echinococcosis should be strengthened in Tibetan children,so as to perform the early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To understand the situation of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis in people,and analyze the influencing factors of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis,so as to provide efficient and targeted evidence for taking intervention measures against echinococcosis.Methods All the districts (counties) in agricultural and pastoral area-based cities (zhous) in Qinghai Province were selected,3 townships were selected in each district (county),and 100 residents were randomly selected in each township via the stratified random sampling method.In each district (county),students of Grade Four or higher were randomly selected via the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,they were all investigated through a questionnaire survey about echinococcosis in Qinghai Province in 2012-2014.The influencing factors of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis,including age,gender and district.Results Totally 11 959 residents and 23 600 students were selected and surveyed,and the qualified rate of residents and students in prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis was 62.4％ (7 464 cases) and 66.0％(15 566 cases),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =43.695,P ＜ 0.01).The aware rate of echinococcosis knowledge between residents and students was significantly different (x2 =113.680,60.712,1 204.943,273.296,P ＜ 0.01) except the question "washing hands before eating".Logisitic regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the qualified rate of echinococcosis of residents were age (OR =0.989,95％CI:0.986-0.991) and district (compared with Huangnan Zhou,Haidong City OR =3.478,95％CI:2.978-4.063;Haixi Zhou OR =10.284,95％CI:8.578-12.330;Hainan Zhou OR =7.750,95％CI:6.468-9.286;Haibei Zhou OR =11.056,95％CI:9.089-13.448;Guoluo Zhou OR =7.309,95％CI:6.132-8.713;and Yushu Zhou OR =0.319,95％CI:0.258-0.393);and the main factors influencing the qualified rate of echinococcosis of students were age (OR =0.981,95％CI:0.964-0.998),gender (OR =1.103,95％CI:1.040-1.170) and district (compared with Huangnan Zhou,Xi'ning City OR =5.428,95％CI:4.823-6.109;Haidong City OR =3.860,95％CI:3.437-4.334;Haixi Zhou OR =6.557,95％CI:5.750-7.477;Hainan Zhou OR =2.757,95％CI:2.444-3.112;Haibei Zhou OR =9.968,95％CI:8.498-11.692;Guoluo Zhou OR =4.306,95％CI:3.653-5.075;and Yushu Zhou OR =0.616,95％CI:0.545-0.695).Conclusions The general aware rate of echinococcosis knowledge in people is not high in Qinghai Province.The main factors that have influenced the qualified rate of echinococcosis knowledge of residents are age and district,and of students are age,gender and district.It is necessary to implement the targeted intervention measures to improve mastering level of prevention and control knowledge of echinococcosis of people in Qinghai Province.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the transcription factor TBX1 on the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and to explore potential molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mRNA and protein levels of TBX1 in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, RKO, SW480, HT29, and LOVO were detected by using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 cells with low TBX1 expression were transfected with either a pcDNA3.1 plasmid containing TBX1 mimics (TBX1 overexpression group) or an empty pcDNA3.1 plasmid (the control group). LOVO cells with high TBX1 expression were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TBX1 including si-TBX1-8604A, si-TBX1-8604B, and a negative control siRNA (si-NC), which were treated as si-TBX1-8604A group, si-TBX1-8604B group, and si-NC group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of transcriptional level TBX1 and PARK2, and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of TBX1, PARK2, and key factors in the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell colony formation assay were used to detect the cell proliferation. Combining literatures and the JASPAR database, 2 binding sites of TBX1 in the PARK2 promoter region were predicted. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was employed to verify the binding sites of TBX1 to PARK2 in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between TBX1 and PARK2. The expression of TBX1 and PARK2 in colon cancer tissues was analyzed by using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (September 2023).Results:High TBX1 expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells transfected with TBX1 mimics plasmid was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, while TBX1 expression was successfully knocked down in LOVO cells transfected with siRNA targeting TBX1. MTT assay indicated that the absorbance values for HCT116 cells in TBX1 overexpression group on d1, d3, d5, and d7 after inoculation, and for SW480 cells on d3, d5, and d7 after inoculation were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). LOVO cells in the si-TBX1-8604A group and si-TBX1-8604B group exhibited higher absorbance values than the si-NC group on d1, d3, d5, and d7 after inoculation, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Cell colony formation assay revealed that after 14 d, the colony number of HCT116 cells [(387±9) vs. (843±13)] and SW480 cells [(413±9) vs. (931±15)] in TBX1 overexpression group was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The colony number of LOVO cells in the si-TBX1-8604A group and si-TBX1-8604B group was (493±77) and (470±32), respectively, which was higher than that in the si-NC group (349±26), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The protein relative expression levels of p-ERK and p-AKT S473 in HCT116 and SW480 cells in TBX1 overexpression group were lower than those in the control group, while protein relative expression levels of p-ERK and p-AKT S473 in LOVO cells in the si-TBX1-8604A group and si-TBX1-8604B group were higher than those in the si-NC group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The relative expression level of PARK2 mRNA in HCT116 and SW480 cells (all P < 0.01) and the protein level in the overexpression group were higher than those in the control group. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the enrichment times of TBX1 binding to 2 sites of PARK2 intron in HCT116 and SW480 cells in TBX1 overexpression group were higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the relative luciferase activity of HCT116 and SW480 cells co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid containing TBX1 mimics and pGL3 plasmid containing PARK2 mimics was higher than that of cells co-transfected with empty pcDNA3.1 and pGL3 plasmids, co-transfected with empty pcDNA3.1 plasmid and pGL3 plasmid containing PARK2 mimics, co-transfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmid containing TBX1 mimics and empty pGL3 plasmid, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Spearman analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between transcriptional level TBX1 and PARK2 in colon cancer tissues (288 cases) in TCGA database ( r = 0.226, P < 0.001); and the relative expression level of PARK2 mRNA in colon cancer tissues (383 cases) was lower than that in normal intestinal tissues (50 cases), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusions:Elevated expression of transcriptional factor TBX1 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, potentially by activating the downstream target gene PARK2 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, ultimately affecting the activation of these pathways.

Objective To explore the effects of individual or combination medication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)combined with chemotherapy on progres-sion-free survival(PFS)in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation.Methods A total of 110 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were selected as research objects.Ac-cording to different therapeutic plans,they were divided into group A with 37 cases(anlotinib chemo-therapy),group B with 32 cases(icotinib chemotherapy)and group C with 41 cases(anlotinib plus icotinib and chemotherapy).The short-term effect,levels of vascular growth factors before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.After 2 years of follow-up,survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and survival rate and PFS were compared in three groups by Log-rank.Results The objective response rate(ORR)was 68.29％in the group C,which was significantly higher than 43.24％in the group A and 40.62％in the group B(P＜0.05);after treatment,levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)in the group C were significantly lower than those in the group A and the group B(P＜0.05);the total incidence of adverse reac-tions was 29.27％in the group C,which showed no significant differences when compared to 24.32％in the group A and 25.00％in the group B(P＞0.05).By the time of the last follow-up,the 2-year overall survival rate was 74.29％in the group C,which was significantly higher than 51.09％in the group A and 45.03％in the group B(Log-rank x2=6.478,P=0.039);the medi-an PFS in the group A,the group B and the group C was 9.0,8.6 and 13.2 months respectively,and differences were statistically significant(Log-rank x2=6.264,P=0.043).Conclusion For the advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations,combination medication of EGFR-TKI com-bined with chemotherapy can effectively increase ORR,reduce levels of serum vascular growth fac-tors,prolong the PFS,and the safety is good.

Objective To explore the effects of individual or combination medication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)combined with chemotherapy on progres-sion-free survival(PFS)in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation.Methods A total of 110 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were selected as research objects.Ac-cording to different therapeutic plans,they were divided into group A with 37 cases(anlotinib chemo-therapy),group B with 32 cases(icotinib chemotherapy)and group C with 41 cases(anlotinib plus icotinib and chemotherapy).The short-term effect,levels of vascular growth factors before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.After 2 years of follow-up,survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and survival rate and PFS were compared in three groups by Log-rank.Results The objective response rate(ORR)was 68.29％in the group C,which was significantly higher than 43.24％in the group A and 40.62％in the group B(P＜0.05);after treatment,levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)in the group C were significantly lower than those in the group A and the group B(P＜0.05);the total incidence of adverse reac-tions was 29.27％in the group C,which showed no significant differences when compared to 24.32％in the group A and 25.00％in the group B(P＞0.05).By the time of the last follow-up,the 2-year overall survival rate was 74.29％in the group C,which was significantly higher than 51.09％in the group A and 45.03％in the group B(Log-rank x2=6.478,P=0.039);the medi-an PFS in the group A,the group B and the group C was 9.0,8.6 and 13.2 months respectively,and differences were statistically significant(Log-rank x2=6.264,P=0.043).Conclusion For the advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations,combination medication of EGFR-TKI com-bined with chemotherapy can effectively increase ORR,reduce levels of serum vascular growth fac-tors,prolong the PFS,and the safety is good.

Public hospitals bear the responsibility of ensuring people's health and promoting their healthy lives.New media have emerged as a pivotal platform for health science popularization in public hospitals.Under these contexts,the Science Popularization Base for Health and Chronic Disease Prevention of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University established a multidisci-plinary team model for science popularization,mainly relying on the WeChat official account to disseminate health knowledge and dispel rumors.This article explored the experiences and practices of health science popularization under this model,focusing on the"meticulous selection for science popularization"strategy employed on their WeChat official account.

AIM:To investigate alterations in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and subsets of CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR).METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to Xi'an People's Hospital(Xi'an Fourth Hospital)from April to July 2022 were recruited for this study and categorized into two groups: 20 cases in the simple type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)group, and 20 cases in the DR group. Additionally, 20 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations served as the control group. The expression levels of cytokines, including interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in peripheral blood were quantified using ELISA. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of programmed cell death-1(PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-3(TIM-3), CD28, and CD57 on CD8+ T cells.RESULTS:The peripheral blood expression of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in DR patients as detected by ELISA(all P<0.001); flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of PD-1, TIM-3, and CD57 were elevated in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells of DR patients(all P<0.001), and the expression of CD28 was decreased(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In DR patients, CD8+ T cells may undergo depletion and senescence as a result of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10.