[Objective]To recommend the detailed operative skill of lower cervical transpedicle screw and peri-operative experience.[Method]From July 2004 to April 2006,based on anatomical research of cadaver,15 cases involved lower cervical had been treated by transpedicle screws and plate or rod,which assisted in fluoroscopic moniter.Lateral mass needed be revealed completely,thus basilar part of superior articular process could be recognized.The central point of screw inserted were laid on the surface of lateral mass: 5mm inner to the outside border of lateral mass;3mm below to the inferior of superior articular process.Ball-like burr was used to de-cortical.Made a pathway with 2 mm hand-drill paralleled with the upper end-plate cartilage of the vertebra and maintain abduction angle about 40?～45? with middle line of the vertebra,self-designed pedicle probe was used to ensure safety tunnel of cancellated bone.3.5 mm cortical screws were adoption and thread was not recommend.[Result]Eightysix lower cervical pedicle screws had been inserted successfully in C3～7 vertebra,exclude a failed C4 screw.Average screws length was(26 + 1.6)mm and abduction angle based on postoperative CT scan was 37.9??5.4?.Abundant bleeding was occurred while built the pedicel pathway in 2 screws,and there were 6 screws showed perforation of the pedical wall refer to postoperative CT scan. No evidence indicated the complication about injury of vessel or nerve structure.[Conclusion] The technique of lower cervical transpedicle screw are relatively safet.Successful screw insertion depends on subtile sense of operation doctor's hand.

Objective To analyze the complications of lower cervical pedicle screw fixation in treatment of the cervical spine disorders and discuss the operative technique. Methods A retrospective study was made in 104 patients with different cervical injuries treated by C3-7 pedicle screw fixation (total use of 624 screws) from July 2004 to March 2008. One stage posterior reduction and fixation using lower cervical pedicle screw-rod system or screw-plat system were performed in 66 traumatic patients and the nerve condition was evaluated by Frankel criteria system. For 46 non-traumatic patients, laminoplasty or laminectomy was performed for decompression, and cervical pedicle screw-rod system or screw-plat system were used in deformity correction and stability reconstruction. Based on exploration to quadric walls of vertebral pedicle during operation, postoperative thin-slice CT scan along operative vertebra segments' pedicle and bilateral oblique position X-ray of cervical spine in all patients, we evaluated screw location, screw angle as well as the distance and the relation between the screws and the internal pedicle wall or lateral wall. Results In this study, the lower cervical pedicles of 104 patients were fixated with 624 screws including 77 screws (12.34% ) for pedicle wall damage, 68 screws (10.8% ) for the lateral wall injury, 56 screws (8.97% ) for grade Ⅰ violation of pedicles, 12 screws (1.92% ) for grade II violation of pedicles Ⅱ violation of pedicles and 9 screws (1.44% ) for inferior wall injury of cervical pedicle. The follow-up lasted for 3-24 months (average 9. 8 months), which showed breakage of two screws (0.32% ) and loosening of one screw (0.16% ). Conclusions Lower cervical pedicle screw fixation has relatively low incidence of complications and is a safe operation. The complications can be minimized by sufficient preoperative imaging studies of the pedicles, familiar with the feature of opography and reasonable surgery technique.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors related to perforation of lateral wall by lower cervical pedicle screw instrumentation in the treatment of cervical spinal disorders. MethodsA retrospective review was made to analyze 214 cervical vertebral injury patients ( 1 024 pedicle screws were used) treated with pedicle screw instrumentation at C3-7 from July 2004 to July 2009. Lateral walls of 18 patients were perforated (a total of 28 pedicle screws). The surgeons assessed the position and the angle of the screw in the pedicle, and the relation and the distance between the screw and the pedicle walls by carefully probing intraoperative walls of cervical pedicles and studying postoperative thin-slice computed tomography (CT) scan of the fixed vertebral segments of the cervical spine. The data of patients with lateral wall perforation was recorded and analyzed statistically. ResultsPerforation of the lateral wall occurred in 18 patients (28 pedicle screws). Backward step by step Logistic regression analysis was used and two variables were selected in the end. ConclusionsRatio variance between inner and lateral wall is the risk factor of perforation in the lateral wall associated with lower cervical pedicle screw instrumentation, while the angle variance between implanted screws and CT measurements is the protection factor of perforation in the lateral wall.

Objective To prepare a human meningococcal reference serum and standardize IgG concentrations to capsular polysaccharides and in vitro bactericidal activities of the reference serum against serogroup A, C, Y and W135 strains.Methods Twenty healthy adults were recruited and given one dose of immunization with tetravalent (serogroups A, C, Y and W135) meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine . Plasma samples were collected and gone through a series of process treatments including defibrination , filtra-tion, and lyophilization to prepare the meningococcal reference serum Men 10.The IgG concentrations of Men10 to capsular polysaccharides of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 were calibrated by using an internation-al reference serum CDC1992 as the standard in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Provisional IgG concentrations of Men10 were intensively validated by testing a panel of 12 calibration serum samples from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , USA ( US CDC) and a panel of 56 serum samples immu-nized with A, C, Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine from Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd.(LIBP) with the assays using Men10 and CDC1992 as the standard and/or test sam-ples, respectively.The bactericidal titers against serogroup A , C, Y and W135 strains were measured by se-rum bactericidal assay (SBA).Results Four thousand vials (0.5 ml/vial)of lyophilized human meningo-coccal reference serum Men10 were successfully prepared with 2.5%of residual moisture .Reference serum Men10 was sterile and free from contamination by hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus , human immunodefi-ciency virus and syphilis .Provisional IgG concentration of Men 10 to capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A, C, Y and W135 was calibrated by using CDC1992 as the standard.Furthermore, IgG concentrations of both panels of 12 CDC calibration serum samples and 56 LIBP serum samples calibrated by using Men 10 as the standard correlated well with those by using CDC1992 as the standard (r=0.99,P<0.05).The IgG concentrations of CDC1992 as calibrated by using Men10 as the standard showed significant correlation with its previously determined values with variation <10%.SBA titers for serotype A , C, Y and W135 strains were established as well .Conclusion A panel of new human meningococcal reference serum Men 10 with accurately calibrated IgG concentration against capsular polysaccharide of serogroups A , C, Y and W135 as well as SBA titers was successfully established .

Objective:To observe the functional remodeling of the default mode network (DMN) of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and to explore the mechanisms involved.Methods:Eighteen PSCI patients and twenty healthy controls were enrolled. The PSCI patients were given 20 minutes of tDCS at 2.0mA on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex every weekday for four weeks. The subjects were scanned using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after the intervention to explore any functional changes in the DMN. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scoring was performed before and after the treatment.Results:Compared to the healthy controls, the cognitively impaired patients showed significant abnormalities in the DMN on admission, including decreased functinal connection (FC) in the posterior cingulate cortex and/or precuneus (PCC/PCu), as well as increased FC in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and left hippocampus. After the treatment, a significant improvement in the PSCI patients′ average MoCA score was observed. The average FC of the PCC/PCu had also increased significantly, while that of the left hippocampus had decreased significantly, on average. The FC in the PCC/PCu after tDCS was found to be positively related to the MoCA score measured at 4 weeks after admission.Conclusions:PSCI patients show functional abnormalities in the DMN. tDCS applied to their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can significantly improve their average MoCA scores, which may be related to the increasing FC of the PCC/PCu.

ObjectiveThis study conducted a "6 + 1" clinical comprehensive evaluation of the existing research on Zhichuanling oral liquid （ZOL） in the treatment of asthma，so as to clarify the clinical advantages and precise clinical positioning of ZOL in the treatment of asthma， lay a foundation for further research and academic promotion of ZOL， and provide new directions for patent cultivation. MethodAn evaluation method featuring a qualitative and quantitative combination was used， which considered the dimensions of safety，effectiveness，economy，innovation，suitability，accessibility， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） characteristics. According to Expert Meeting Law， relevant weights were obtained through voting. CSC_v2.0 software was used to calculate each dimension and convert it into the corresponding grade score. ResultBased on the existing materials，① ZOL instruction indicates the adverse reactions，taboo， and notes. Multiple data of clinical research before and after marketing and spontaneous reporting system shows that ZOL has controllable risk and good safety. Safety is rated as B grade. ② Multiple data of clinical research before marketing， systematic evaluation of clinical effectiveness， and Meta-analysis shows that ZOL has good effectiveness and clinical significance. Effectiveness is rated as a B grade. ③ Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of ZOL combined with conventional treatment shows that the economy of the drug is good and rated as a B grade. ④ ZOL has better innovation， which is rated as an A grade. ⑤ ZOL can basically meet the clinical drug needs based on the result of the questionnaire survey and has good suitability， which is rated as a B grade. ⑥ ZOL has better accessibility， and accessibility is rated as A grade. ⑦ ZOL involves a rich theory of TCM but insufficient experience of human usage. It is thus rated as a C grade in terms of TCM characteristics. Based on the results of "6 + 1" dimension，the clinical comprehensive evaluation of ZOL in the treatment of asthma （cold syndrome and heat syndrome）is rated as B category. ConclusionZOL has good clinical value and outstanding innovation and accessibility in the treatment of asthma （cold syndrome and heat syndrome）. It is recommended that ZOL be transformed into the relevant policy results of basic clinical drug management procedurally. At the same time，it is recommended to actively cultivate patents with TCM characteristics.